初中英语形容词比较级和最高级讲解与练习.doc

初中英语形容词比较级和最高级讲解与练习(1)形容词比较级和最高级 绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。例如: poor tall great glad bad 形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则变化如下: 1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 great (原级) (比较级) (最高级) 2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。 wide (原级) (比较级) (最高级) 3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。 clever(原级) (比较级) (最高级) 4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) (比较级) (最高级) 5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。 big (原级) (比较级) (最高级) 6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。 beautiful (原级) (比较级) (比较级) difficult (原级) (最高级) (最高级) 常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级: 原级-比较级-最高级 good-better-best many-more-mostmuch-more-mostbad-worse-worstfar-farther, further-farthest, furthest形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示较不和最不important 重要 less important 较不重要 least important 最不重要 形容词比较级的用法: 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下: 主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。 Our teacher is we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。It is today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。This picture is than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。This meeting is than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。The sun is than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。形容词最高级的用法:形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。She is student her class. 她是班上最好的学生。Shanghai is one of cities China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。 This is apple I have ever met. 这是我见到的最大的苹果。 Tom is boy in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。1. This box is_ that one. A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as2. When we speak to people, we should be . A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possiblyC. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly3. This book is_ that one, but_ than that one. A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensive C. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive4. I think the story is not so _ as that one. A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting5. His father began to work_ he was seven years old. A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while2( )1. I think science is _ than Japanese. A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important( ) 2 This pencil is_ than that one. A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long( ) 3 My mother is no _ young. A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few( ) 4 These children are _ this year than they were last year. A. more tall B. more taller C. very taller D. much taller( ) 5 It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today. A. even hotter B. more hotter C. much more hot D. much hot6. Mrs Black has got_ instead of getting any better. A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse31. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_ students. A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite2. The house is small for a family of six. A. much too B. too much C. very much D.so3. Through the window we can see nothing but _ buildings. A. tall very many B. very many tall C. very tall many D. many very tall4. -Whats your brother like? -He is_. A. a driver B. very tall C. my friend D. at school5. The jacket was so_ that he decided to buy it. A. much B. little C. expensive D. cheapl6. Our classroom is_ larger than theirs. A. more B. quite C. very D. much4( ) 1. The earth is about_ as the moon. A. as fifty time big B. fifty times as big C. as big fifty times D. fifty as times big( ) 2. Your room is mine. A. twice as large than B. twice the size of C. bigger twice than D. as twice large as( ) 3. Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times( ) 4. His father is_than his mother. ; A. older four years B. as four years older C. four years older D. bigger four years5( ) 1. Maths is more popular than_. A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject D. other subject( ) 2. China is larger than _ in Africa. A. any other country B. other countries C. the other country J 1%D. any country( ) 3. Tom is stronger than _ in his class. A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy6( ) 1. When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter( ) 2. By and by, _ students in our class came to like English. A. more and more B. much and much C. many and many D. less and least( ) 3. At last he began to cry _. A. hard and hard B. more hard and more hard C. harder and harder D. less hard and less harder( ) 4. When spring comes the days get _ and nights _. A. short; long B. long; short C. longer; shorter D. shorter; longer71. _ I look at the picture, _ I like it. A. The best; the more B. The more; the less C. The more; less D. More; the more2. _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested3. _ you come back, _ it will be. A, The quicker; the best B. The sooner; the better C. Faster; the better D. The sooner; better8( )1. I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older( )2. Which is_country, China or Japan? A. the large B. the larger C. larger D. largest( ) 3. Of the two cups, he bought . A. the smaller B. the smallest C. small D: smaller9( ) 1. Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most( ) 2. This work is _ for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult( ) 3. Which do you think tastes _, the chicken or the fish? A. good B. better C. best D. well( ) 4. The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was once A. higher B. highest C. high too D. more high( ) 5. Dont you think it _ not to write the letter? A. well , B. better C. best D. good答案：1 . 1-5 D A C A B 2. 1-6 C C B D A B 3. 1-6 A A D B D D 4. 1-4 B B C C 5. 1-3 A D A 6. 1-4 D A C C 7. 1-3 B C B 8. 1-3 A B A 9 .1-5 B D B A B形容词和副词知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！一、形容词用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。形容词的作用，见下表：作 用例 句定 语You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 语Your coat is too small.宾语补足语The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：Dont wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：Youd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词 2）数词 3）性质 4）大小 5）形状6）表示老少，新旧 7）颜色 8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor;good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。表示数量的词组。如：One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.有一天，一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。I live in a building about fifty meters high.我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？二、副词英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：We are living happily.我们幸福的生活着。He runs slowly.他跑的很慢。时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：They went to the park yesterday morning.昨天上午他们去公园了。I heard him sing English songs over there.我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。He drove the jeep carefully.他小心地开着吉普。注意： 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：Yesterday I got up late.昨天我起床很晚。频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前如：He is seldom ill. 他很少生病。 You must always remember this. 你一定要记住这一点。 I often write to my parents. 我经常写信给父母。 Do you usually go to school on foot. 你经常走路去上学？ He has never been to Beijing. 他从来没有去过北京。注意： 有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：Thats quite early.那很早。I nearly missed the bus.我几乎错过了公交车。She did rather badly.她干得相当糟。否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：She seldom goes out at night.她晚上很少出门。I am never late for school.我上学从不迟到。We had hardly got to the station when the train left.火车离开时，我们差不多/几乎到了车站。疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：When can you come?你什么时候来？How many days are there in a month?一个月有多少天？What are you going to do when you grow up?张大以后，你打算干什么？Where were you born?你是在那里出生的？Why didnt he come?他为什么没有来？关系副词when, where, why 引导定语从句时，位于从句之前、所修饰的词之后。如：Tell me the reason why you did it.把你这样做的理由告诉我。Its the sort of day when youd like to stay in bed.这是个令人恋床不起的日子。I dont know the place where we will go.我不知道我们将要去的地方。同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.明天会议将在教室里举行。He watched TV in his room last night.他作晚在房间里看电视。They arrived in Beijing at 8 oclock last evening.他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.Open your mouth wide.三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下：1) 符合规则的：情 况加 法例 词一 般 情 况直接加 -er ; -esttall-taller-tallest以e结尾的词加 r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的词辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加 more ; mostmore deliciousmost delicious2）几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表：原 级比较级最高级good , wellbetterbestbad , illworseworstmany , muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest形容词和副词比较级的用法级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备 注原级同等程度肯定形式As+原级+as(像一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.否定形式not + so (as) +原级+as(不如那样)English is not so difficult as science.She does not study so well as I do.比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比)Jim is older than Luky.I like pork better than beef.比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越, 越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand.最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！He is _ friends than I.A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more解析： 后面有可数名词复数时， many的比较级形式为many more 修饰。 应选B.2. Which is the _ country, Japan or Australia? A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing 解析： 两者比较用比较级， 表示发达用 developed, 而developing 是 发展中的 意思3There were _ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.A. little B. few C. fewer D. less解析：little 不能修饰可数名词，两者比较需用比较级， 所以应选C.4. If you are not free today, come another day _. A. too B. so C. instead D. yet 解析：instead 作副词用时意为代替，顶替， 表示前面的事情没做， 而是做了后面的事。Instead一般位于句首。应选C.5He cant tell us _, I think. A. important anything B. anything importantC. important something D. something important. 解析：不定代词与形容词联用需后置，否定句中应该用anything而不是something. 因此应选B6. The Huang River is the second _ river in our country. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 解析：定冠词the+ 序数词 + 形容词最高级 表示第几大 应选C.7. The light in the office wasnt _for him to read. A. enough bright B. bright enough C. brightly D. enough brightly 解析：enough修饰名词时可前可后， 修饰形容词或副词时， 要后置。应选B.8. There was an accident at the corner. _, the girl wasnt _hurt. A. luckily, badly B. luck, hardly C. Lucky, heavily D. Lucky, strongly 解析：第一空修饰全句需用副词，第二空修饰形容词hurt也要用副词， 因此选A.9. You must keep your eyes _ when you do eye exercises. A. close B. open C. closed D., opened 解析: 此处需用形容词做宾语补足语。 应选C.10. Five days has passed , but I havent finished half of the work. _, A. already B. still C. too D. yet 解析：already 与 yet 都可用于现在完成时态。Already常用于肯定句， 而yet 常用与否定句。应选D.练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！选择最佳答案填空：Dont worry, sir. Im sure I can run _ to catch up with them.A. slowly enough B. enough slowly C. fast enough D. enough fast2. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little3. Its such an _ film that all the students are _ in it. A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested; interested4. Mingming got up very _,so he came to school half an hour _. A. late; lately B. lately; late C. lately; lately D. late; late5. I am _ worried about y parents healthy conditions. A. some times B. sometime C. sometimes D. some times6. We dont have _ every day. A. a lot of school works B. many school work C. any school works D. much school work7. -Look! How fast the two horses are running! -Oh, yes! They are nearly _. A. up and down B. slower and slower C. more or less D. neck and neck8. _ children there are in family,_ their life will be. A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the better C. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _. A. more and more rich B. more rich and more rich C. richer and richer D. richer and richest10. Which lesson is _, this one or that one? A. difficult B. much difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult11. A _ accident happened at 7:30 a.m. said the policeman _. A. serious, serious B. seriously, seriously C. seriously, serious D. serious, seriously12. _ is it from our school to Lupu Bridge? A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How much13. In our city, it is _ in July, but it is even _ in August. A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter14. This pencil is _ that one. A. so long as B. as longer as C. longer than D. not as longest as15. The station is two kilometers _ the hospital. A. away to B. far away C. far from D. away from16. Beijing has _ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours. A. so B. very C. too D. much17. This box is _ heavy _ I cant carry it. A. too, to B. so, that C. very, that D. too, that18. India has the second _ population in the world. A. larger B. most C. smallest D. largest19. Mary received _ many postcards at Christ