英语同义词和同义句学习.doc

英语Q群 Special English (158038187)1、同义词或词组之间的转换。（通常上下句时态保持一致）。 常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四个花费（spend-take-cost-take）；(2)三个到达（get to-reach-arrive in/at）；(3)四个收到来信（hear from-get a letter from-receive a letter from-have a letter from）；(4)两个擅长于（be good at -do well in）；(5)两个有空（be free-have time）；(6)三个入睡（go to sleep-get to sleep-fall asleep）；(7)两个玩得开心（enjoy oneself-have a good time）；(8)给打电话（call sb-telephone sb-ring sb. a call-make a telephone to sb.）(9)飞往（fly to-go toby air/plane）(10)自学（teach oneself-learnby oneself）(11)在方面帮助helpwith-help (to)do(12)在差be weak in-do badly in(13)能/会can-be able to(14)更喜欢likebetter than-preferto(15)充满了be full of-be filled with(16)放弃干give up doing-stop doing(17)不再 no longer-not any longer(18)照顾/保管 take care of-look after(19)展览 on show-on display(20)阻止干stopfrom doing-keep/preventfrom doing(21)由于 thanks to-because of(22)举手hands up-put up ones hands(23)最后，终于at last-in the end(24)与不同 be different from-be not the same as(25)从借入 borrowfrom-lendto(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go toby bus/train/taxi-take a bus /train/taxi to(27)乘自行车去 go toby bike-ride a bike to(28)为感到自豪 be proud of-be the pride of(29)步行去 walk to-go toon foot (30)独自地by oneself -alone等。例如： A：The children had a good time in the park. B：The children enjoyed themselves in the park. 2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有It seems that 从句Somebody seems（to be）+adj/n Its kind of sb. to doSomebody is kind to do What doesmean?What do you mean by? 或Whats the meaning of?There is something wrong withSomething is wrong with notuntil与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换 Whats wrong with?Whats the matter with? How is?Whatslike?How do you like?What do you think of?Its time thatIts time for sb. to doIts said thatPeople say thatCan I help you? What can I do for you?例如： A：I went to bed after I finished my homework. B：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. 3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如： A：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, theyll go to the park. B：Unless it rains tomorrow, theyll go to the park. A：If you dont hurry, youll be late. B：Hurry up, or youll be late. A：Fish cant live if there is no water. B：Fish cant live without water. 4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buy-have, borrow-keep, die-be dead, open-be open, join-be in+组织/be a +成员, begin-be on, leave-be away from, close-be closed, arrive in/ get to/ come/go to-be in/at, finsh-be over, go to sleep-be asleep，get up-be up.例如：The old man died five months ago.The old man has been dead since five months ago.The old man has been dead for five months.Its five months since the old man died.Five months has passed since the old man died. 5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。 含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如： A：I saw they were playing football on the playground. B：I saw them playing football on the playground. A：The teacher found that she was very clever. B：The teacher found her very clever. A：He found that it was hard to learn English well. B：He found it hard to learn English well. A：We are sure that we will win to first match. B：We are sure to win to first match. 由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为疑问句+不定式结构。例如： A：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? B：Could you tell me how to get to the railway station? A：We dont know what we should do next. B：We dont know what to do next. 由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing例如： A：They went home after they finished their work. B：The went home after finishing their work. A：Mr Smith has taught English since he came to China. B：Mr Smith has taught English since coming to China. When sb. +be+数词+years oldat the age of+岁数 A：When he was twelve years old, Edison started writing his own newspaper. B：At the age of twelve, Edison started writing his own newspaper. 由sothat引导的结果状语从句可转化为tooto do或enough to do例如： A：The box is so heavy that I cant carry it. B：The box is too heavy for me to carry. 或：The box isnt light enough for me to carry. A：The child is so old that he can go to school. B：The child is old enough to go to school. 由so that 引导的目的状语从句可转化为in order to do例如： A：My father got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus. B：My father got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus. 由because 引导的原因状语从句可转化为because of例如： A：We didnt go to the park because it rained. B：We didnt go to the park because of the rain. 定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如： A：The man who is on the bike is Jim. B：The man on the bike is Jim. A：The man who is driving the red car is my boss. B：The man driving the red car is my boss. A：The girl who is called Mary is my sister. B：The girl called Mary is my sister. 6、用并列连词neithernor；eitheror；bothand；not onlybut also连句。例如： A：I havent seen a TV play for long, and Lily hasnt either. B：Neither I nor Lily has seen a TV play for long. A：Tom is good at maths, and he is good at French, too. B：Tom is good at both maths and French. neithernor, eitheror和not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定，即就近原则，但是bothand用来连接两个主语时，谓语复数。 7、主动语与被动语态的互变。 主动变被动实行三变二不变原则。三变即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，二不变即时态不变，句式不变。例如： A：They make watches in the town. B：Watches are made by them in the town. A：I can finish the work before eight. B：The work can be finished（by me）before eight. A：Do they grow rice in South China? B：Is rice grown in South China? 注：使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/look at/hear/listen to/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时，必须加上to. A：I