BEC高级精讲班第11讲CorporateCulture.docVIP

保存讲义 打印讲义 BEC高级精讲班第11讲讲义 HomeworkreviewI. Homework review1. In 1996, the sales showed a general downward trend. British shoppers spent about 9% on Monday. Then the spending rose considerably on Tuesday and increased slightly to about 14% on Wednesday followed by a small drop on Thursday. It shot up again on Friday and peaked at approximately 22% on Saturday before collapsing at below 5% on Sunday. In contrast, there was a general upward trend in the spending at all retailers in Britain in 2000. Although the spending started at about 7% on Monday, a noticeable lower volume than in 1996, it grew sharply on Tuesday to about 12%. Since then, there was a steady increase until Friday. On Friday, it reached the peak at about 19% while the sales afterwards decreased gradually to about 18%, well up that in 1996.2.The bar chart illustrates three different photocopiers, Carda, KD and Sebu according to their purchase price, the warranty cost and their expected running costs for the first two years.In terms of the purchase price, Sebu is the most expensive one priced at about $1000 while Carda only costs $600 and KD at $750.In respect of the warranty cost, Sebu is the cheapest one at about only $100. On the other hand, KD costs $200 and Carda at $150.One pays the least for the running costs of Sebu at $750 whereas Carda has the highest ones of $1200 and KD at $800.To sum up, the expected total costs for the initial 2-year period for the Carda, KD and Sebu are $1900, $1800 and $1800 respectively. (127 words)VocabularyStudyII. Vocabulary Studyu Animal words in the business context watchdog noun countable1 a person or group of people whose job is to protect the rights of people who buy things and to make sure companies do not do anything illegal or harmful 监管人，监管机构a consumer watchdog 一个消费者的监管机构top dog noun countablethe person who has the most power in a group, especially after a struggle 掌管大权的人He always wanted to be the one in control, the top dog. 他总是想成为可以控制一切的人，即长官大权的人。fat catinformal someone who has too much money, especially someone who is paid too much for their job - used in order to show disapproval 贬义词：薪水过高的人the fat cats at the top who have recently been given obscene pay increases 最近得到不公正涨薪的公司高层人士cash cow noun countablesomething that a company sells very successfully and that brings in a lot of money 畅销商品，给公司带来巨大收益的产品predatory 1a predatory animal kills and eats other animals for food (动物或其习性)已捕食其他动物为主的，食肉的2 trying to use someones weakness to get advantages for yourself - used to show disapproval掠夺成性的；故意破坏的predatory pricingpoach verbANIMALSintransitive and transitive to illegally catch or shoot animals, birds, or fish, especially on private land without permission 偷猎Deer have been poached here for years.PEOPLEtransitive to persuade someone who belongs to another organization, team etc to leave it and join yours, especially in a secret or dishonest way 挖墙脚That companys always poaching our staff.poach fromSeveral of their reporters were poached from other papers.Whatshapescorporateculture?III. What shapes corporate culture?1. Speaking.Vocabulary:Mission statement: a statement of the aims, purpose and future activities of an organization 宗旨说明，任务说明（内容包括机构的目标、宗旨和未来的活动）code nounLAWS/BEHAVIOURcountablea set of rules, laws, or principles that tell people how to behavetheir moral code 道德法规Each state in the US has a different criminal and civil code. 美国每个州的民法和刑法都不同。The judge ruled that there had been no breach of the code. 法官判决该案件没有违反法规。There were plans to introduce a dress code (=rules about what to wear) for civil servants. 政府有计划引入公务员着装制度。What does each tell us about a companys culture?Mission statement: clearly explains a companys goals and focus. The fact that a company has a formal mission statement suggests it is organized and keen on promoting a cohesive attitude within the staff. The fact that the mission statement needs to be explicit may suggest there is some diversity of attitudes within the staff.Organizational hierarchy: can show how traditional a company is, whether power is centralized and the extent to which employees are empowered.Company buildings: can reflect attitudes to hierarchy and relative importance of staff, e.g. through impressive offices, separate floors or separate dining room for senior staff.Dress code: can influence or reflect the degree of formality in a company.2. Reading.A strong and living corporate culturecornerstone noun countable1something that is extremely important because everything else depends on it基石，重要的事物cornerstone ofThe magazine became the cornerstone of McFaddens publishing empire. 这本杂志是.出版王国日后成功的基础。2a stone at one of the bottom corners of a building, often put in place at a special ceremonysynonym foundation stonevitality noun uncountable1 great energy and eagerness to do things 活力Despite her eighty years, Elsie was full of vitality. 尽管她已经是一位八十岁的老人， 还是充满活力。2 the strength and ability of an organization, country etc to continue （组织机构，国家等的）力量，能力The process of restructuring has injected some much-needed vitality into the company. 这次机构重组向这家公司注入了急需的能量。vitality ofThe senator promised to restore the economic vitality of the region. 参议员许诺说要重振这个地区的经济活力。belonging noun uncountable 归属Its important to have a sense of belonging (=a feeling that you are happy and comfortable somewhere). 有归属感很重要。bind verbpast tense and past participle bound FORM A CONNECTIONtransitive to form a strong emotional or economic connection between two people, countries etc 联合synonym unitebind somebody/something togetherTheir shared experiences in war helped to bind the two communities together. 战争中有着共同经历帮助这两个国家走到一起。impose verb1 transitive if someone in authority imposes a rule, punishment, tax etc, they force people to accept it 强制实施规定、处罚、征税The court can impose a fine or a prison sentence. 法庭强制实施罚款或入狱服刑。impose something on something/somebodyThe government imposed a ban on the sale of ivory. 政府强制执行禁止销售象牙的行为。2 transitive to force someone to have the same ideas, beliefs etc as you 强迫某人与你有同样的想法impose something on somebodyparents who impose their own moral values on their children将自己道德的标准强加给孩子们的家长3 intransitive formal to expect or ask someone to do something for you when this is not convenient for them 希望别人替你做某事impose on/uponWe could ask to stay the night, but I dont want to impose on them. 我们可以问一问可否逗留在这一夜，但是我不想非让他们接受这个请求。4 transitive to have a bad effect on something or someone and to cause problems for them 引起坏影响，引起问题impose a burden/hardship etc (on somebody/something) Military spending imposes a huge strain on the economy. 军费开支给经济带来大imposing adjective large, impressive, and appearing important 给人深刻印象的an imposing building 一座壮观的建筑物Hes a tall, quietly spoken, but imposing figure. 他个子高还不爱说话，但却是一位给人留下深刻印象的人。exaggerate verb intransitive and transitiveto make something seem better, larger, worse etc than it really is夸张；夸大I couldnt sleep for three days - Im not exaggerating. 我三天没有睡觉了 - 我绝对没有夸大事实。its easy/difficult/impossible to exaggerate something humility noun uncountable谦虚，谦恭the quality of not being too proud about yourself - use this to show approval-synonym modesty-humble adj.modest adjectiveNOT PROUD someone who is modest does not want to talk about their abilities or achievements谦虚的；谦让的 反义词 immodest, boastfulmodest aboutHe was always modest about his role in the Everest expedition. 他对自己在此次珠穆朗玛峰探险活动中承担的职责表现得很谦逊。Youre too modest! Youve been a huge help to us. 您太谦虚了，您对我们的帮助太大了。 NOT BIGnot very great, big, or expensive 不大，不昂贵a modest increase in costs 价格的小幅上涨She had saved a modest amount of money. 她只攒了一点钱。The new service proved a modest success. 这项新的服务只取得了一些成绩。a modest house with a small garden 一所不大的房子，有一个小花园his modest ambitions 她的小理想SHYshy about showing your body or attracting sexual interest, because you are easily embarrassed 羞涩 反义词 immodestShe was a modest girl, always keeping covered, even in summer. 她是个羞涩的女孩，尽管在炎热的夏季也把自己包裹得很严实。modestly adverb I was just lucky, he said modestly. “我只是很幸运而已，”他谦虚地说到。thrift noun uncountable 节约，节俭old-fashioned wise and careful use of money, so that none is wasted thrifty adjective using money carefully and wiselyhardworking, thrifty peoplethriftily adverbthriftiness noun uncountableunpretentious adjectivenot trying to seem better, more important etc than you really are - use this to show approval 不矫揉造作的，an unpretentious hotel 一间朴实的饭店an unpretentious woman 一位不矫揉造作的女性pretentious adjectiveif someone or something is pretentious, they try to seem more important, intelligent, or high class than they really are in order to be impressive 矫揉造作的反义词 unpretentiousa pretentious film 一部虚情假意的电影pretentiously adverbpretentiousness noun uncountableassociate withto spend time with someone, especially someone that other people disapprove of 与人相处e.g. I dont like these layabouts youre associating with. 我不喜欢你与这些有手好闲的人在一起。status symbol noun countablesomething that you have or own that you think shows high social rank or position 象征地位的事物A Rolls Royce is seen as a status symbol. 一辆劳斯莱斯汽车被看作是地位的象征。flashy adjective informal1 big, bright, or expensive, and intended to be impressive - used to show disapproval 奢华的large flashy cars2 someone who is flashy wears expensive clothes, jewellery etc in a way that is intended to be impressive - used to show disapprovala flashy dresser 穿着光鲜的人cut across 朝近路穿过，超越，不顾，不理会；与相抵触impulse noun uncountable and countable a sudden strong desire to do something without thinking about whether it is a sensible thing to do 强烈的愿望，推动，驱使synonym urgeimpulse to do somethinga sudden impulse to laugh Marges first impulse was to run.Gerry couldnt resist the impulse to kiss her.on impulseOn impulse, I picked up the phone and rang her.Most beginners buy plants on impulse and then hope for the best.impulse buying/shopping (=when you buy things that you had not planned to buy) 冲动似的购物follow something up phrasal verb1 to find out more information about something and take action if necessary 把.探究到底The police take peoples statements and then follow them up. 警方获得人们的说法，之后把这些说法追究到底。2 to do something in addition to what you have already done in order to make it more likely to succeed用进一步的行动加强，继续做follow something up withIf there is no response to your press release, follow it up with a phone call. 如果对于你的新闻发布会还没有回应的话，你应该电话在继续把此事落实。This experiment was quickly followed up by others using different forms of the drug. 这项试验很快由其他人使用这种药物的其他形式来继续完成。 follow-up adjective only before noundone in order to find out more or do more about something 进一步的a follow-up study on children and poverty 对于儿童和贫穷问题的进一步研究rebuke verb transitive formal to speak to someone severely about something they have done wrong指责，谴责synonym reprimandrebuke somebody for doing somethingMembers of the jury were sharply rebuked for speaking to the press. 公众严厉谴责陪审团成员向报纸发表意见。rebuke noun uncountable and countable a rebuke from the President 总统的批评rest on/upon something phrasal verb1 formal to depend on something 依赖Success in management ultimately rests on good judgment. 成功的管理最终依赖好的判断力。2 formal to be based on a particular idea or set of facts 依据某种看法或事实The case against my client rests entirely on circumstantial evidence. 这个针对我客户的官司完全是依据间接证据。3 if your eyes rest on something, you notice it and look at it 注意到，看到His eyes rested on a small figure in the distance. 他注意到远处的一个小身影。perceptive adjective someone who is perceptive notices things quickly and understands situations, peoples feelings etc well - used to show approval理解的，反映敏锐的，灵敏的a perceptive young man 一位反应灵敏的年轻人highly perceptive comments 反应非常迅速的评价Youre right. Thats very perceptive of you. 你是对的。你真是反应灵敏。perceptively adverbperceptiveness noun uncountableSuggested answerCompany values: simplicity, humility, thrift, responsibly, enthusiasm, flexibility, opennessCompany policies: absence of status symbols (e.g. no first-class hotel, directors dining rooms or flashy cars), recruitment of people who share the companys values, internal promotion, listening to and encourage new ideas and initiatives, managers being involved in details.Staff profile: people share IKEAs basic values and are also strong enough to question and change things if necessary. People are both internally promoted and recruited from outside. People have a sense of responsibility and can follow things up. Managers need to be willing to be involved in detail.3. Language.Gerunds and infinitivesThe uses of the gerund and infinitive which appear in the text are as follows:Gerundsl When the verb is the subject of the sentence:Keeping our culture alive is managements key task.l After prepositions:Our corporate culture is based on a natural way of working and being together.l After certain verbs:Caring means listening and encouraging new ideas.Infinitivesl After certain verbs:Our customers dont expect to pay for first-class hotels.l After modals (without to):Our managers must know their job.l After enough:We also want peoplewho are strong enough to question, renew and change.l To indicate purpose:There are no status symbols to create barriers between managers and their fellow workers.l After certain nouns;A great deal depends on our managers perceptiveness and ability to care.l In an introductory phrase with isThe best way is to set a good example and care about the employees.Further patterns with gerunds and infinitives:Gerundsl After certain expressions, e.g. Its no use, Its not worthl After to when used as a preposition, e.g. I look forward to, the key to, to be used toInfinitivesl After certain adjectives, e.g. difficult, easy, readyl After too+ word, e.g. too much, too weakYou should also learn which verbs are followed by gerunds and which by infinitives. e.g. Gerunds: appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, postpone, risk, suggestInfinitives: afford, choose, decide, manage, plan, refuse, tendUseful nouns followed by the infinitive are: decision, thing, time.Although some verbs, such as like, can be followed by either gerunds or infinitives with little effect on meaning, you need to be aware of those verbs where the choice does affect meaning significantly.e.g. I remember sending him the fax. To refer back to a specific past actionI must remember to send the fax today. To refer to a future actionPromotion will mean working longer hours. When mean = involveHe didnt mean to delete the file. When mean = intendWe tried cutting costs but profits didnt improve. We tried out a possible way of reaching our objective.We tried to improve profits. We attempted to reach our objective.TheIKEAwayIV. The IKEA way1. A2. C3. B4. C5. B6. A7. B8. CVocabularykroner: the standard unit of money in Denmark and Norway 丹麦、挪威克朗put down to: to think that something is caused by something else 由引起I was having difficulty reading, which I put down to the poor light. 我感到读书有困难，我总结的原因是光线不好。uniform adjectivebeing the same in all its parts or among all its members 统一的，一致的Grade A eggs must be of uniform size. 甲级鸡蛋必须尺寸一致。uniformly adverbuniform noun uncountable and countable1 a particular type of clothing worn by all the members of a group or organization such as the police, the army etc 制服school/army/police etc uniform 学校制服/军队制服/警察制服He was still wearing his school uniform.2 in uniforma) wearing a uniform 穿制服He was on duty and in uniform.b) in the Army, Navy etc 在军队my 33 years in uniformbond verb1 intransitive if two things bond with each other, they become firmly fixed together, especially after they have been joined with glue 紧密地联结It takes less than 10 minutes for the two surfaces to bond. 只花十分钟不到的时间就可以把两个表面粘连起来。2 intransitive to develop a special relationship with someone 发展与某人的特殊关系bond withTime must be given for the mother to bond with her baby. 必须要给母亲时间去发展同小孩子之间的母子关系。valid adjective1 a valid ticket, document, or agreement is legally or officially acceptable 合法的，可以接受的opposite invalida valid credit card 有效的信用卡Your return ticket is valid for three months. 你的往返机票三个月内有效。2 valid reason/argument/criticism etca reason, argument etc that is based on what is reasonable or sensible 合理的Police officers must have a valid reason for stopping motorists. 警察必须要有合理的理由才能拦截开车人。3 a valid password, ID etc is one that will be accepted by a computer system 有效的 opposite invalidvalidity noun uncountable I would question the validity of that statement.originate verb1 intransitive always + adverb/preposition, not in progressive formal to come from a particular place or start in a particular situation 起源，originate fromA lot of our medicines originate from tropical plants. 许多药物的原料是从热带植物上提取出来的。originate inMany Christmas traditions originated in Germany. 许多圣诞节的习俗都是起源于德国。2 transitive to have the idea for something and start it 由想出The technique was originated by an Italian artist. 这种工艺是由一位意大利的艺术家想到的.original adjectiveFIRSTonly before noun existing or happening first, before other people or things 最初的The land was returned to its original owner. 这片土地归还给了它最初的拥有者。The kitchen still has many original features (=parts that were there when the house was first built). 这间厨房还