何凯文2016考研英语每日一句(11.1-11.17).docx

何凯文2016考研英语每日一句（11.111.17）246句（11.1）重要提醒：从今天开始每位同学必须每天背诵一句平行展开法的句子了！（作文高分攻略上的句子）每天抽出15分钟时间，早上5分钟，中午5分钟，晚上5分钟，一天三次；背诵同一个句子！我会监督大家的！接下来的每一天一定要有规划！重点还是复习，因为我们之前讲的确实很多了。今天的句子如果你还不熟就说明你之前的知识不牢固！现在又是拼定力的时候了。有一部分小伙伴退出了，我们也祝福他们，毕竟人生选择很多，人的遭遇也不同。只是我们自己要内心笃定！昨天的句子答案是D!你选对了吗？这是关于法律的句子，之前已经发过一次，希望大家还有印象！This doctrine has broadened the application of the FourteenthAmendment to other nonracial forms of discrimination, for while some justices have refused to find any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored, most have been receptive to arguments that at least some nonracial discriminations, sexual discrimination in particular, are “suspect” and deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts.词汇突破：Fourteenth Amendment 宪法第十四修正案find sth to be constitutionally disfavored认定是不符合宪法的Be receptive to arguments 接受观点“suspect” (形容词) 可疑的heightened scrutiny 高级别的审查主干识别：This doctrine has broadened the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to other nonracial forms of discrimination.这一原则将宪法第十四修正案的应用扩展到了非种族的歧视形式。其他成分：for while some justices have refused to find any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored, /most have been receptive to arguments that /at least some nonracial discriminations, sexual discrimination in particular, are “suspect” and deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts.原因状语从句while some justices have refused to find any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored,原因状语从句中的让步状语从句：这部分中的难点是：有一些法官一直拒绝认为除开种族之外的任何法律分类是不符合宪法的。（有一些法官认为只有种族歧视是不符合宪法的）/most have been receptive to arguments that /at least some nonracial discriminations, sexual discrimination in particular, are “suspect” and deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts.原因状语从句的主句：但是大多数的法官还是接受这样的观点：至少有一些非种族的歧视，特别是性别歧视是可疑的，并且是应该受到法庭的高级别审查的。参考译文：这一原则将宪法第十四修正案的应用扩展到了非种族的歧视形式， 因为，虽然有一些法官一直拒绝认为除开种族之外的任何法律分类是不符合宪法的，但是大多数的法官还是接受这样的观点：至少有一些非种族的歧视，特别是性别歧视是可疑的，并且是应该受到法庭的高级别审查的。247句（11.2）不急不躁，不畏将来，不念过去！坚持就会很简单！今天把题目和解析放在一起；方便同学们及时比对思路！体贴吧！ANALOGIES change. Once, it was fashionable to describe the brain as being like the hydraulic systems employed to create pleasing fountains for 17th-century aristocrats gardens. As technology moved on, first the telegraph network and then the telephone exchange became the metaphor of choice. Now it is the turn of the computer. But though the brain-as-computer is, indeed, only a metaphor, one group of scientists would like to stand that metaphor on its head. Instead of thinking of brains as being like computers, they wish to make computers more like brains. This way, they believe, humanity will end up not only with a better understanding of how the brain works, but also with better, smarter computers.词汇突破： Metaphor比喻1. The sentence “one group of scientists would like to stand that metaphor on its head”most probably means .(A) one group of scientists would like to change the brain as the metaphor of head.(B) one group of scientists would like to make the brain more like a computer.(C) one group of scientists would like to put the metaphor on the brain.(D) one group of scientists would like to design a brain-like computer.（解析就在后面，先别看！）题型识别：词汇题（句子）思路解析：我们寻找的是这个句子的语境含义，因为这个句子本身我们确实读不懂！定位到原文第五句；但是第五句后半句就是题干；第六句以及第七句；第五句和第六句是正关系（they= one group of scientists）; 第六句和第五句也是正关系；（they=they） 所以正确答案就应该是对于这两句话中某一句的同义替换！所以词汇题一定注意定位！定位！定位！定位！词汇题通常的做法是： 通过正反关系找到包含题干的句子在文章中的对应点和对应句，然后用四个选项与之比对，替换！所以这一题中对应的句子应该是：Instead of thinkingof brains as being like computers, they wish to make computers more likebrains. （他们想使计算机变得更像大脑，而不是将大脑想象成为计算机。）选项分析：AC两个个选项都是对于字面单词的胡乱改写；选a和c 的同学你们一定要注意不能用选项和题干直接同意替换！这样是危险的！除非你有十足把握你读懂了题干！B选项刚好写反了：不是让大脑更像电脑！D选项是对句子的同意替换。正确！a brain-like computer. 一个像大脑的计算机在好多地方也写成了：a brain like computer，所以不是你做错的理由。 onegroup of scientists would like to stand that metaphor on its head的翻译是：但有一批科学家想要将这个比喻给倒过来。参考译文：对大脑的比喻总是在变。有段时间，人们流行将大脑形容为用来给17世纪贵族的花园带来赏心悦目的喷泉的水力循环系统。随着技术的进步，先是电报网，再是电话交换站，都成为过大脑的喻体。现在轮到计算机了。尽管“计算机般的大脑”其实只是一个比喻而已，但有一批科学家想要将这个比喻给倒过来。他们想使计算机变得更像大脑，而不是将大脑想象成为计算机。他们认为这样不仅最终能使人类更好的了解大脑是如何工作的，还能做出更好，更智能的计算机。248句（11.3）向每天要效率！向一小时要效率！熬夜太久很多时候只是没有勇气结束一天！因为你效率太低！效率太低也是懦弱的表现！别抱怨时间不够！是你效率太低！今天做两件事情：第一，再来看看你是怎么被干掉的！原文：Deliberate practice entails (needs) more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.选项：Deliberate practice requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.对于这样的题目必须分析原文和选项的主干成分，KK在这里再次拜托大家了！Deliberate practice involves = Deliberate practice requires 这里就是原文和选项一致的地方；同时原文中的obtaining immediate feedback = immediate feedback但是出题人的阴谋开始了：后面的宾语偷偷被偷换了：concentrating as much on technique as on outcome 绝对不等于 a high degree of concentration 啊！前面翻译为：既关注于技术又关注于结果后面翻译为：很高的关注度还在靠连连看做题的同学是不是该醒醒了，做题的时候就拜托分析下句子成分吧！entail = need : The work entails precision. 这工作需要精确无误。第二这个句子你必须翻译正确！Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.主干识别: Creating a “European identity”is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.其他成分：that respects the different cultures and traditions “European identity”的定语从句which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent （根据go可以判定这个定语从句是在修饰cultures and traditions而不 是“European identity)翻译点拨：词汇的处理：go to make up ：go to 可以不翻译，直接翻译为 make up (组成）；European identity 欧洲的身份/认同定语的处理：较短的定语可以翻译到被修饰的名词前：Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.创造一个尊重不同的文化和传统的欧洲的认同不是一个简单的事情并且需要做出战略的选择。较长的定语可以单独成句：which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent在单独成句的过程中处理带有多个定语的宾语：the connecting fabric of the Old Continent这个地方可以先翻前置定语，再翻后置定语：连接古老大陆的纽带单独成句：这些文化和传统构成了连接古老大陆的纽带。参考译文：创造一个尊重不同的文化和传统的欧洲的认同不是一个简单的事情并且需要做出战略的选择，这些文化和传统构成了连接古老大 陆的纽带。249句（11.4）EVEN a non-decision by the Supreme Court can cause waves. On October 5th, as part of its routine disclosure of upcoming cases, the Court declined to take up a petition related to insider trading. The Justice Department had wanted it to overturn an appeals courts decision in December to throw out the conviction of two hedge-fund managers. That means the decision will now stand, setting an important legal precedent.What can we infer from this paragraph?(A) The Court echoed the Justice Department to decline the petition.(B) The Court declined a petition made by the Justice Department.(C) The Court overturned the petition of appeals courts conviction.(D) The Court had set an important legal precedent with a non decision.250句（11.5）不知不觉就到250句了，仔细一看才发现在过去的250天中，我基本都是在12点之后睡得，有同学问我为什么每天还能精力充沛。其实我也会觉得很累，很想这样的日子快点结束。2009年底的时候，我的职业生涯到了一个特别倦怠的时期，特别想逃离讲台。当时也特别不幸，突然高烧不退，开始以为是普通感冒，一直发烧了两天都没见好，后来去医院，才检查出是急性肺炎，连续输了十五天液，当时在病床上，才觉得能够在图书馆静静的看书，能在讲台上挥洒热情是多么幸福的事情；我们在这青春年少的时候还有能力，有精力去为了梦想而拼，真是很幸福的！如果真的有天倒下了，连受累的机会都没有了，我们一定会惆怅无比！趁着我们还有精力，就让我们去拼搏吧！文化交流的语料：And it is clear that aside from politics and business, it is particularly the cultural dialog that brings people together and which serves as a basis for a better mutual understanding.而且除开政治和商业，正是文化对话让人们联系在一起，而且文化对话是相互间更好理解的基础。We can see the promising progress on the cultural communication.我们可以看到在文化交流上可喜的进步。Today, home-grown We Chat has a translator that easily permits those with no shared language to talk with each other.今天国产软件微信都已经装上了翻译器，是那些没有共同语言的人能相互聊天。This only to show, nevertheless, that so much work remains to be done.但是，这只是表明还有很多工作可以做。昨天题目的解析：正确答案是：DEVEN a non-decision by the Supreme Court can cause waves.最高法院即便不做裁决也会掀起波澜。OnOctober 5th, as part of its routine disclosure of upcoming cases, the Court declined to take up a petition related to insider trading.10月5日，美国最高法院例行公布了即将审理的案件，其中拒绝受理一宗有关内幕交易的上诉。The Justice Department had wanted it to overturn an appeals courts decision/ in December/定语 （to throw out the conviction of two hedge-fund managers）定语修饰decision.初步翻译：美国司法部想要推翻一个联邦上诉法庭去年12月的一个决定。去年12月联邦上诉法庭推翻了对两名对冲基金经理人的有罪裁定。加工以后：去年12月联邦上诉法院推翻了对两名对冲基金经理人的有罪裁定，美国司法部曾寄望这次最高法院能逆转结果。That means the decision will now stand, setting an important legal precedent.但如今，最高法院拒不受理该案意味着上诉法院的判决将被维持，并成为重要判例。What can we infer from this paragraph?(A) The Court echoed the Justice Department to decline the petition.(B) The Court declined a petition made by the Justice Department.(C) The Court overturned the petition of appeals courts conviction.(D) The Court had set an important legal precedent with a non decision.有人说第四个选项时态不对，哪里不对了？过去式和过去完成时在这里有区别吗？如果你一定觉得有区别那我就要说了，你能找到更好的选项吗？其他三个选项都是偷换！251句（11.6）一天的课程+两场讲座，累到差点虚脱，不过依然很充实。冲刺讲义可以先看看后面的单词和作文语料，阅读题可以先别做，我们上课会留出做题的时间，我们会模拟考试的状态来做题的。今天的句子是There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to thevarious branches of historicalinquiry.主干识别：Thereis no agreement其他成分：whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or tothe research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historicalinquiry.主语agreement 的同位语Whether methodology refers to or to.the concepts后面的形容词短语peculiar to historical work in general是它的定语；the researchtechniques后面的形容词短语appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry也是作定语。翻译点拨：Thereis no agreementThere be 句式的翻译，补充出主语人们，因此可以翻译为：人们对此意见不一。同位语可以提前翻译；词的处理：agreement 统一的意见，一致看法whether.refers to. or to. 是指还是指the concepts/peculiar to/historicalwork/in general (按后置定语的顺序倒译)一般的历史研究中的特有概念the research techniques 研究手段appropriate to 适用于，合适于the various branches 各个领域historical inquiry 历史探究参考译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。252句（11.7）安乐死是一直以来的热门话题，今天六月经济学人出了一期专辑就是关于安乐死的。下面的题目就是来自这篇文章。Doctors have long quietly eased terminal agonies by increasing pain relief to life-shortening doses. Under the doctrine of double effect, as long as the intention was to relieve suffering rather than hasten death, no crime was committed. What the doctor really intended was hard for anyone else to know, let alone prove.But more deaths now happen in intensive-care units under closer legal and professional oversight, making doctors more cautious about testing the limits of what is allowed. And modern medicine means that dying is much more often prolonged. The case of Karen Ann Quinlan in 1976 thrust the issues into the spotlight. The parents of the young woman, who fell into a coma after drinking and taking Valium at a party, had to go to court to force her doctors to take her off a ventilator.The case of kaern Ann Quinlan is mentioned to show that_(A) doctors have long quietly eased terminal agonies by increasing pain relief.(B) the parents have the rights to demand ceasing of the dramatic treatment.(C) the case has thrust the issue into the focus for its publicity.(D) the dying period is unnecessaily prolonged by the modern therapy.253句（11.8）今天的句子继续是关于文化交流的句子！Our world has been honed by the unparalleled richness and diversity.我们的世界空前的丰富和多样。The people around us belong to different cultures, languages and faiths; represent a multitude of traditions, customs and values; and possess unique goals, aspirations and dreams.我们周围的人属于不同的文化，语言和信仰；代表众多的传统，习俗和价值观；怀有独特的目标，抱负和梦想。In a society in which the differences between us are often easier to spot than the similarities, achieving mutual understanding is not just a matter of importance,but of great necessity.在这个社会里，分歧比相似更容易被察觉，所以获得相互的理解不仅是重要的而且是非常有必要的。昨天句子的解析：But more deaths now happen in intensive-care units under closer legal and professional oversight, making doctors more cautious about testing the limits of what is allowed. And modern medicine means that dying is much more often prolonged. The case of Karen Ann Quinlan in 1976 thrust the issues into the spotlight. The parents of the young woman, who fell into a coma after drinking and taking Valium at a party, had to go to court to force her doctors to take her off a ventilator.The case of kaern Ann Quinlan is mentioned to show that_(A) doctors have long quietly eased terminal agonies by increasing pain relief.(B) the parents have the rights to demand ceasing of the dramatic treatment.(C) the case has thrust the issue into the focus for its publicity.(D) the dying period is unnecessaily prolonged by the modern therapy.解析：例证题的错误都是定位错误！这里：The case of Karen Ann Quinlan in 1976 thrust the issues into the spotlight.（例子将这个问题抛到了聚光灯下。）亲，答案不在这一句，答案在上一句！And modern medicine means that dying is much more often prolonged.现代医学意味着死亡期常常变长了！所以答案选择：(D) the dying period is unnecessaily prolonged by the modern therapy.有同学说：选项中怎么加了一个unnecessaily，这是我结合语境加的，就是来迷惑你的，延长死亡期就是没有必要的啊！我早就说过多少次了，答案不可能像你想的那样一字不 差，要是那样还有屁的干扰性啊！作对的就打赏吧！254句（11.9）冲刺课程在太原已经录制完毕了，应该不会让大家失望的！也说了很多心里话，希望大家能坚持下去，千万别听这样的论调：到了后期英语已经不重要了，没有提高的空间了！有的时候突破是在考场上！你不能放弃！这是1991年4月gre考试阅读真题SECTION B部分的题目，和今天考研的难度和思路很相同，在后来的考研模拟题当中也多次大家用到，大家应该能比较容易的做对哦：）Historians have only recently begun to note the increase indemand for luxury goods and services that took place ineighteenth-century England. McKendrick has explored theWedgwood firms remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the rapid increase of provincialtheaters, musical festivals, and childrens toys and books.While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: Who were the consumers? What weretheir motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries?1. In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most probably toA compare their interest in luxury goods and in luxury services.B confirm key questions about 18th-century England consumerism.C contrast their views on luxury consumerism in 18th-century England.D exemplify historians who have proved the growing consumerism in 18th-century England.255句（11.10）能陪着你们的青春是一件幸运而奢侈的事情！见到你们的成长无比浪漫！最后的日子我会一直陪着你！双十一快乐！Equipped with the skills acquired during the study, even those graduates who initially accept relatively junior positionsare likely to be promoted and climb up the corporate or eventhe social ladder faster than their peers.具备了在学习期间所获技能，一些毕业生即使一开始获得是相对初级的职位，后来也会更有可能得到提拔，在攀爬公司或社会阶梯的时候也会比其他人更快。Youngsters, who place an emphasis on their own interests and skills, job stability, advancement opportunities, and the needsof society, will set themselves on a path towards a satisfying and successful career.重视自己的兴趣和技能，工作稳定性，进步机会和社会需要的年轻人将使自己踏上令人满意的，成功的事业之路。256句（11.11）复习到今天，拼的就是心态了，很多知识已经积累，但是有可能还没有完成发酵的过程，因此无法吸收；不好的心态会毁掉之前的努力；平静，优雅的心态是一剂完美的催化剂,能让之前的积累完成飞越。因为这样的心态会让你能沉下来思考！定位，替换，排除！你能行！从今天开始闭关写预测讲义！Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades.Thats a prospect that horrifies Net purists.57. In the view of Net purists, _.A there should be no marketing messages in online cultureB money making should be given priority to on the WebC the Web should be able to function as the television setD there should be no online commercial information without requests答案选D257句（11.12）凯文大帝什么时候让大家失望过！绝对经典的20组写作替换词！1. relieve=ease= alleviateRelieve stress/ease the traffic congestion 减轻2. exceed=override=outweigh 超过The benefits have overridden the costs.3. find out= identify 确定4. achieve= fulfill 实现achieve ones potentialachieve ones goalfulfill ones promiseachieve ones obligation5.broaden ones horizon= 开拓视野Expand ones outlook =Enlarge ones vision6.stimulate imagination/creativity/interest/economic growth 激发7.make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth 努力8.continue to exist=persist持续9. When everything else has been considered= ultimately 最终10. choice = option= alternatives 选择Have no choice/option/alternative but to11. It is evident that= It is obvious that 很明显12. the rest of = the remaining 其余The remaining problems will continue to exist without proper solutions.13. In this respect,=In this regard,=In this respect 这方面14. be lost = be led astray 迷失15.deal with the need=meet the demand=satisfy the need 满足16. prepare for.= 准备Pave the way for=Lay the groundwork for =Lay a solid foundation for17. break the balance= upset the balance 打破18. spend too much time on = 花时间Be addicted to=Be preoccupied with=Be obsessed with19.abide by=comply with=conform to 遵守20. improve = boost= enhance 促进boost solidarity增进团结enhance productivity 提高生产率258句（11.13）人生的时光，百分之八十五是平淡，百分之十是苦难，只有百分之五是兴奋和幸福，所谓胜利就是克服这苦难，再熬过这平淡，去享受最后的兴奋和幸福。你会突然觉得英语复习不如之前，政治头绪太多，数学突然不会了，专业课完全没信心。这些都是这个阶段要经历的。现在到了拼内力，拼毅力，拼笃定的时候了。加油吧，骚年们！In the last half of the nineteenth century capital and labour were enlarging and perfecting their rival organisations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.59. Its true of the old family firms that _.A they were spoiled by the younger generationsB they failed for lack of individual initiativeC they lacked efficiency compared wit