七年级上英语单元知识复习.doc

七年级上英语知识预备篇Unit1-3一、 英文字母 英语中一共有26个英文字母，其中有5个元音字母：Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu, 其余的都是辅音字母。二、字母分类：1、含共同音素/ei/的字母有：A，H，J，K2、含共同音素/i:/的字母有：B, C, D, E, G, P, T, V, (Z) 3、含共同音素/e/的字母有：F， L，M，N，S，X，Z4、含共同音素/ju:/的字母有：Q，U，W5、含共同音素/ai/的字母有：I，Y6、含共同音素/u/的字母有：O7、含共同音素/:/的字母有：R三、字母写法：大写字母A，E，F，H，I都是三笔完成。四、以元音开头的字母有： Aa, Ee, Ff, Hh, Ii, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Rr, Ss, Xx. （注意：U是以辅音开头的字母）五、句子的写法：每句句首的第一个字母必须大写，句子中单词的间隔距离最佳为小写字母a的宽度，句与句之间间隔两个字母的距离。如：Whats your name? My name is Jenny.六、英语字母需要大写的几种情况：1、 在一句话中，第一个单词首字母要大写，但是，逗号后面的单词开头字母不大写。如：Whats your first name, please?2、 表示人名、地名、国名以及表示某国语言的名词的第一个字母要大写。如：Jim, Beijing, China, Chinese, English.3、 位于姓名前表示称呼的单词的第一个字母要大写。如：Mr Smith 4、 专有名词要大写，但里面的虚词（即冠词、连词、介词）一般不大写。如：the Great Wall长城5、 由专有名词变量、变来的形容词要大写。如：Chinese 中国的，American 美国的。6、 书刊名称及文章标题要大写，但里面的虚词一般不大写，如果是标的第一个词则要大写。如：the World of English 英语世界。7、 月份及星期的第一个单词的首字母要大写，但一年四季名称的首字母不大写。如：Monday星期一，May五月。8、 诗歌的每一行的第一个单词的首字母要大写，不管这一行是不是新的一句的开始。七、 重点句型1、 当别人说：Good morning/afternoon/evening 时，你也应该回答：Good morning/afternoon/evening2、 How are you? 是问你怎么样，还好吗？（是熟人，朋友间的问候），回答通常用Im fine/ Im OK；如果是第一次见面，我们通常用How do you do?回答也只能用How do you do?3、 Whats this in English?是问：在英语中，这是什么事物？回答用：Its a +以辅音开头的名词短语；或用 Its an +以元音开头的名词短语。4、 What color is this +事物？是问：这个事物是什么颜色？回答用：Its + 颜色正式篇Unit 1 My names Gina.一、重点句型：(1)A: Whats your name? B: My name is Jenny. A: Hello, Im Mary. B: Hi, Mary! Im Jim.(2) A: Hello, My names Mary. Whats your name? B: Im Gina. A: Nice to meet you. B: Nice to meet you, too. A: How do you do? B: How do you do?(3) A: Whats his name? B: His name is Bob. A: And whats her name? B: Her names Jenny.(4) A: Whats your full name? B: My full name is Jack Smith. (Its Jack Smith.) A: Whats your first name? B: My first name is Jack. (Its Jack.) A: Whats your last name? B: My last name is Smith. (Its Smith.) A: Whats your family name? B: My family name is Smith. (Its Smith.) (5) A: Whats his full name? B: His full name is Jim Green. (Its Jim Green.) A: Whats his first name? B: His first name is Jim Green. (Its Jim.) A: Whats his last name? B: His last name is Smith. (Its Green.) A: Whats your family name? B: His family name is Smith. (Its Green.)(6) A: Whats her full name? B: Her full name is Jim Green. (Its Jim Green.) A: Whats her first name? B: Her first name is Jim Green. (Its Jim.) A: Whats her last name? B: Her last name is Smith. (Its Green.) A: Whats her family name? B: Her family name is Smith. (Its Green.)(7)A: Whats your telephone (phone) number? B: My telephone (phone) number is 85609687. (Its 85609687.)(8) A: Whats his telephone (phone) number? B: His telephone (phone) number is 85609688. (Its 85609688.)(9) A: Whats her telephone (phone) number? B: Her telephone (phone) number is 85609689. (Its 85609689.)(10) A: Whats my telephone (phone) number? B: Your telephone (phone) number is 85609680. (Its 85609680.)(11) A: Whats your ID card number? B: My ID card number is 512324680929119. (Its 512324680929119.)二、知识点：1、am, is, are统称为be动词。不同人物要用不同的be动词。第一人称单数I用am，第二人称单数you用are，第三人称单数he, she, it，具体某人如Tom以及指示代词this, that等用is，所有复数人称用are。可按下面口诀记忆：我（I）用am，你（you）用are，单数is，复数are；is用于他、她、它。2、同义句：(1) My name is Jenny.= Im Jenny.(2) Your name is Jim.= You are Jim.(3) His name is Alan.= He is Alan.(4) Her name is Marry.= She is Marry.3、what 疑问词，问“什么东西，什么事，干什么，吃什么，电话号码是多少”等等。e.g. (1) My name is Li Lei. What is your name? (2) This is a black pen. What is this? (3) Her telephone number is 70706655. What is her telephone number?注意：对划线部分提问的常用结构为：“疑问词+原句的一般疑问句形式 ？” 4、what color 疑问词，问“什么颜色”。e.g. This pen is red. What color is this pen? 5、 Nice to meet you! 回答 Nice to meet you, too! （常用于初次见面时） Nice to see you! 回答 Nice to see you, too! （常用于多次见面时）6、注意英文名与中文名的区别： 英文名是：名在前，姓在后；中文名是：姓在前，名在后。e.g. Jim Green Huang Shaohuafamily name = last name 姓 first name = given name 名Unit 2 Is this your pencil?一、重点句型：A: Excuse me, whats this in English? B: Its an eraser. A: How do you spell it? B: E-R-A-S-E-R. A: Is this your eraser? B: No, it isnt. Its her eraser. 二、知识点：1、 Is this your eraser? 这是一个一般疑问句，一般疑问句就是用yes和no来回答的句子。将含有be(is, am, are)动词的肯定句变成一般疑问句时，直接把be(is, am, are)动词提到句首，并大写第一个字母。不过要注意，I am . 通常要变成Are you.? e.g.(1) That is his pencil. Is that his pencil? （作肯定回答）Yes, it is. （作否定回答）No, it isnt.(2) These are her parents. Are these her parents? （作肯定回答）Yes,they are. （作否定回答）No, they arent.(3) I am a good boy. Are you a good boy?（作肯定回答）Yes, I am. （作否定回答）No, Im not.2、 Whats this in English? 这是一个特殊疑问句，回答用Its a / an 特殊疑问句就是以疑问词开头的句子。通常把肯定句变成一般疑问句的结构为： “疑问词+肯定句的一般疑问句形式 ？”即是经常考的“对划线部分提问题”。 e.g. His English book is green. What color is his English book?3、How do you spell it /”book”? 你怎样拼写它 / “书”这个单词？回答时直接拼写这个单词。how疑问词，问“怎样，身体状况怎样，干得、吃得、过得怎样等等”。 e.g.(1) His mother is fine / well. How is his mother?(2) Runners eat well. How does runners?5、Excuse me 请原谅，打扰了（这是一句客套话，用于与陌生人答话、打断别人说话等场合。）6、本单元所学的短语：(1) call Alan at 4953539 用4953539给安娜打电话 call + 某人+ at + 电话号码： 用电话号码给某人打电话 call = telephone = phone (动词)打电话(2) in the lost and found case 在失物招领箱里(3) a school ID card 一张学生证(4) call / telephone / phone + 某人： 给某人打电话(5) a set of keys一串钥匙 two sets of keys 两串钥匙Unit 3 This is my sister一、重点句型：1、A: This is Mary. B: Is she your sister? A: No, she isnt. She is my friend. B: Are these your parents? A: Yes, they are. 2、This is my friend. 复数句 These are my friends.3、That is my brother. 复数句 Those are my brothers.4、句型回答：(1) Is this your sister / Mary? Yes, it / she is. No, it / she isnt.(2) Is that your brother / Jim? Yes, it / he is. No, it / he isnt.(3) Is he / Jim your brother? Yes, he is. No, he isnt.(4) Is she / Alan your friend? Yes, she is. No, she isnt.(5) Are they / these your parents? Yes, they are. No, they arent.(6) Are they / those your friends? Yes, they are. No, they arent.二、知识点：1、介绍他人常用的句型：(1) This is -.（介绍一个人） These are -.（介绍几个人）(2) That is -.（介绍一个人） Those are -.（介绍几个人）2、parent = father or mother parents = father and mother grandparent = grandfather or grandmother grandparents = grandfather and grandmother father = dad = daddy mother = mom = mommyuncle = fathers or mothers brotheraunt = fathers or mothers sistercousin = uncles or aunts daughter / son3、本单元所学的短语：(1)thanks for + 某事 = thank you for + 某事：因为某事而感谢你(2)a photo of your / my family = your / my family photo 你的 / 我的一张全家福(3)two photos of your family 你的两张全家福 (4)my two brothers 我的两个兄弟4、写信的格式：A、 称呼（顶格写）B、 正文 C、结尾 D、签名5、附：代词表数人称人称代词主格人称代词宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词单数1 I memyminemyself2youyouyouryoursyouself3hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数1weusouroursourselves2youyouyouryoursyourselves3theythemtheirtheirsthemselves使用注意：（1） 人称代词的主格放在动词之前，在句中作主语；（2） 人称代词的宾格放在动词和介词之后，作宾语；（3） 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，它后面必须跟名词，在形容词性物主代词与名词之间还可以用形容词。E.g. my English book 我的英语书（4） 在物主代词之前或之后都不能加冠词a, an, the或指示代词this, that, these, those等。e.g. 我们只能说my book, my pens;而不能说my a / the book; my these pens; these my pens.6、所给代词或根据汉语意思的适当形式填空。(1) Is _ bike red or black?(he) (2) _ play sports every day. (my)(3) _ uncle has a nice car. ( I ) (4) Are _ Miss Gao? (your)(5) _clean_room every day.(our) (6) Is this _ book?(he)(7) _ is my uncle.(his) (8) _ is my aunt.(her)(9) These are _ notebooks.(you) (10) Let _ play basketballs.(we)(11) He only watches _ on TV.(they) (12) Let _ help you.(我)(13) -Are _ your friends? -Yes, _ are.(他们的)(14)-Is _ father a teacher? -No, _ isnt.(他的)(15)-Wheres my pen? -_ is in your pencil case.(它的)(16) These are my pencils. _ pencils are in the backpack.(她)Unit 4 wheres my backpack?一、重点句型：1、-Wheres the backpack? -Its under the table.2、-Where are your books? -Theyre in my backpack.3、-Are the keys on the dresser? -Yes, they are. / No, theyre not.4、A: Wheres my backpack? B; I dont know. Is it under the table? A: No, it isnt. Its on the dresser. 二、知识点：1、where 疑问词，问地点、位置，表“在哪里”。 e.g. These pens are in the pencil case. -Where are these pens?2、介词： in（在-里面） on（在-上面） under（在-里面） behind（在-后面） next to（挨着-） between（在-之间）of（-的） for（为了，由于，因为，对于） at （在-）from（从，从-起） to（朝，对，向） 3、I dont know.= I have no idea. 我不知道。4、bring与 take: bring 带来，拿来 表“把某人或某物从别处带到说话人这儿来”； take 带走，拿走 表“把某人或某物从说话人这儿带到别处去”。 e.g. Please bring your photos to school.Please take these things to your sister. bring + 某人 / 某物+ to + 地点 / 人 ：把某人 / 某物带到某地 / 某人这里来。 take+ 某人 / 某物+ to + 地点 / 人 ：把某人 / 某物带到某地 / 某人那里去。5、can 情态动词， 后面必须接动词原形，其句型变换同be动词。6、some和any (1)相同点： 都是“一些”之意，都即可修饰可数名词复数，也可修饰不可数名词。(2)不同点：some 常用于肯定句中，但也可用于表“请求、建议”的疑问句中；而any常用于否定句或疑问句中。因此，在句型转换中，将含有some的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时，要把some改成any.e.g. (1) There are some books on the desk. There arent any books on the desk.（否定句）Are there any books on the desk?（一般疑问句） (2) Can you bring some things to school?Unit5一、重点句型：A: Lets play soccer. B: That sounds good. A: Do you have a soccer ball? B: No, I dont. But I have two tennis rackets. A: Well, lets play tennis. B: That sounds interesting. 二、知识点：1、助动词do和does的用法：(1)do与第一、二人称单、复数和第三人称复数主语连用，用于否定句（do not = dont）或疑问句中(do)，以Do开头的一般疑问句，作肯定或否定回答时要用do.e.g. Do you play soccer? -Yes, I do. / No, I dont.(2)does与第三人称单数主语连用，用于否定句(does not = doesnt)或疑问句(does)中,以Does开头的一般疑问句，作肯定或否定回答时要用does. e.g. Does your brother have a basketball? - Yes, he does. / No he does.2、一般现在时:表示经常、反复发生的事情和存在的状态。句型构成： 肯定句：主语（不是第三人称单数）+ 动词原形 + 其它。主语（为第三人称单数） +动词第三人称单数形式(动词 + s /es)+ 其它。否定句：主语（不是第三人称单数）+ dont + 动词原形 + 其它。 主语（为第三人称单数）+ doesnt + 动词原形 + 其它。一般疑问句： Do + 主语（不是第三人称单数）+ 动词原形 + 其它? Does + 主语（为第三人称单数）+ 动词原形 + 其它?回答：Yes，主语+do /does. No，主语+ dont /doesnt.注意：在以上的几种句型中，只有肯定句中的主语为第三人称单数时，动词才加s或es,其余的句型（如否定句，疑问句）中的动词都用原形。eg: I have a book. She has a book 否： I dont have a book. 否：She doesnt have a book.疑问：Do you have a book? 疑问：Does she have a book?Yes,I do. No, I dont. Yes,she does. No, she doesnt.3、如何变否定句和一般疑问句。一、当句中有be( is; am; are) 和情态动词( can; may; must; could)时，我们变否定句时，则直接在这些词的后面加否定词not； 变一般问句时，直接将这些词提到句首，并大写第一个字母（注意记住习惯变法：I am -. Are you-? 即：第一人称变成第二人称）。 e.g. Jim is playing football now.Jim isnt (is not) playing football now.（否定句）Is Jim playing football now? （一般问句）二、当肯定句的谓语动词结构中既没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，我们就只观察肯定句中的实义动词：（1）当肯定句中的实义动词用了原形，变否定句时，直接在主语后面加dont (或do not)；变一般问句时，直接在主语的前面加Do (即在句首加Do)。 e.g. They often play football after class. They dont often play football after class.（否定句） Do they often play football after class?（一般问句）（2）当肯定句中的实义动词用了第三人称单数（即动词后常加s/es 且has除外），变否定句时，直接在主语后加doesnt （或does not），同时把动词还成原形；变一般问句时，直接在主语前面加Does, 同时把动词还成原形。 e.g. She always goes to school by bike. She doesnt always go to school bike.（变否定句） Does she always go to school bike?（变一般问句）4、直接以动词开头的句子祈使句。“Lets +动词原形”就是祈使句。e.g. Lets play basketball. “Lets +动词原形”是提建议，对此句型的回答常用：（肯定）That sounds good. / interesting. / boring. / fun.（否定）No, I dont.5、many只能修饰可数名词复数，表“许多的” =lots of =a lot ofmuch只能修饰不可数名词，表“许多的” many books = lots of books = a lot of booksmuch food = lots of food = a lot of food6、but和and but意思为“但是”，表转折关系；and意思为“和”，表并列关系，常用于肯定句中。e.g. I like English, but I dont like Chinese. He likes soccer, and I like soccer, too.7、短语：(1) 以play引导的短语：play basketball打篮球 play soccer踢足球 play volleyball打排球 play tennis打网球 play ping-pong打乒乓球 play baseball打棒球注意：球类、棋类名词前一般不用冠词，因此，play引导的以上短语中不能有冠词。 play computer games打电子游戏 play sports做运动，进行体育活动(2) a sports club一个运动俱乐部 a school sports club 一个学校运动俱乐部(3) a sports collection一批运动收藏品 (4) a tennis racket 一把网球拍(5) a ping-pong bat 一副乒乓球拍 (6) a soccer ball 一个足球(7) every day 每天 (8) watch TV看电视(9) watch them on TV在电视上看它们unit 6一、重点句型：A: What do you like for dinner? B: I like broccoli. A: Do you like tomatoes? B: No, I dont. I dont like tomatoes or carrots. A: Does your father like carrots? B: Yes, he does. 二、知识点：1、可数名词单数变复数的规则：(1) 一般的名词后加s; book - books(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加es; class classes box boxes watch- watches(3)以o结尾的名词，有生命的加es; tomato - tomatoes 无生命的加s; photo- photos(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加es. Family families2、不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能在其前面加a / an或数量词，能修饰不可数名词的词或短语有：some, any, lots of, a lot of, much等。本单元所学的不可数名词有： broccoli（花椰菜） ice（冰） ice cream （冰淇淋） salad （沙拉）chicken（鸡肉） orange（桔汁） rice（米饭） meat（肉） soup（汤） bread（面包）3、have和eathave 既可以指“吃”，也可指“喝”；eat通常作“吃”讲，指吃具体的食物，但有时也有“喝” 的意思，主要指汉语中所说的“喝汤”（eat soup）。4、短语：(1)have breakfast 吃早饭 (2)have lunch 吃午饭 (3)have dinner / supper 吃晚饭（注意：三餐名词前常不用冠词）(4)a running star一位赛跑明星 (5)healthy food 健康食品(6)have / eat healthy food吃健康食品(7)have +食物 + for breakfast / lunch / dinner早饭 / 午饭 / 晚饭吃-食物(8) a list of food 一则食物清单unit7一、重点句型：A: Can I help you? B: Yes, please. I want a sweater A: What color do you want? B: Blue. A: Here you are. B: How much is it? A: 20 dollars. B: Ill take it. Thank you. A: Youre welcome. 二、知识点：1、how much单独使用时，是“多少钱”的意思，问“价格”，相当于“Whats the price of + 事物？”，注意：price是“价格”的意思，要说“以-价格”时，要介词at, 如：at the priece of sth. 在谈论价格高低时，我们只能用high / low.e.g. How much is this T-shirt? = Whats the price of this T-shirt?How much are these socks? = Whats the price of these socks?“ how much不可数名词” 对不可数名词的数量提问。“how many+可数名词复数”对可数名词的数量提问。e.g. I have some meat every day. How much meat do you have every day? I have two apples every day. How many apples do you have every day?用many, much填空。l How _ people are there in your family?l How _ is this jacket?l There is not _ water there.l How _ water do you want?l He has _ new story books.l There are _ cars and buses in the street.l In the past fifty years or so, scientists have found _ “new” stars.l There is not_ rain in sping in Beijing.l There are so _ books to read and so _ work to do.2、购物用语： (1) Can I help you ? = What can I do for you ?（这是一句服务用语，常用在服务员口中。） 其回答通常为： 肯定回答：Yes, please. I want / I want 否定回答：No, thanks.(2) Here you are. 给你。（指当别人向你要东西或借东西，你把东西递给别人时常用此语。）(3) Ill take it / them. = I will buy / get it / them.我将要买它 / 它们。(4) Thank you . /Thanks.(5)You are welcome. = Thats OK. = Thats all right. = Not at all. 不用谢。3、each的用法：each可以单独使用，但常用于句末；each也可作形容词，但只能修饰可数名词单数，each 还可以和of连用，后面要接可数名词的复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 e.g. Each book has a good price.Each of these boys has a nice hat.4、look, see, wat