英语同源形容词的区别.docVIP

英语同源形容词的区别赵宝斌 在英语中某些词有两种或两种以上的形容词形式，它们词形相近，但词义不同，容易用错，下面笔者对这类形容词做一总结。1)historic: famous in history, 历史上著名的 associated with past times 与过去时代有关的 a event/speech/spothistorical: belong to history 历史上的 a people/novel/play/film/painting trend2) electric: worked by, changed with， producing electricity 用电的，带电的, 有电的 current/cableelectrical: relating to electricity, an idea of a less close connection with electricity engineering/apparatus3) economic: of economics policy/geography/crisis/cropseconomical: careful in the spending of money and time, not waste 经济的，节俭的 an housewife/store4) industrial: of industries 工业的 the revolution/products/systemindustrious: hard-working, diligent people5) considerable: great much 相当多（大）的 a income/distanceconsiderate: thoughtful 体谅的， 体贴的 周到的 She is to others.6) sensible: reasonable, having good sense 实用的， 明知的 a woman/idea/ 豁达的妇女/明知的观点 clothes 实用的衣服 sensitive: quick to receive impression 敏感的 a skin paper 感光纸7) continual: going on all the time without stopping or with only short breaks, stop and go repeatedly, 连续的，断断续续的 rain/noisecontinuous: going on without a break, an uninterrupted flow 连续不断的 fight/work8) intense: high in degree 强烈的， 剧烈的，高度的 heat炽热/pain an lady 热情的女子intensive: deep and thorough 精深的， 集中的 reading/study彻底研究/agriculture密集农业9） respectable: deserving respect, 值得尊敬的，有名望的 a man/professionrespectful: showing respect 尊敬人的，有礼貌的， He is always to the elders.respective: belongs to each of these 分别的，各自的 They sat on their chairs.10) imaginable: that can be imagined 可象想的 difficultiesimaginary: existing only in the mind, unreal 想象中的， 不真实的 figure imaginative: of, having, using imagination 有想象力的， 运用想象力的 a writer11) intelligent: having, showing intelligence, clever 有才智的, 聪明的 an looking girl answerintelligible: clear to mind, that can be easily understood. 易了解的, 易领悟的 an speech/explanationintellectual: possessing a great deal of knowledge 知识的, 智力的12) contemptible: deserving contempt 可卑的 a liecontemptuous: showing contempt 表示轻视的 a look13) credible: that can be believed 可信的， 可靠的 a witnesscredulous: too ready to believe things. 轻易相信的， 易上当的 He always cheats people.creditable: that brings credit. 可称赞的 a record/deed/effort14) alternate: changing by turns 轮流的， 交替的alternative: giving a choice between two things 选择的， 两者选一的15) comparable 可比较的， 有类似之处的comparative 比较而言的， 相当的There is no scenery comparable to that of the West lake.He lived in comparative comfort recently.16) politic 精明的political 政治的17) beneficial 有益的beneficent 多多行善的18) official 官方的officious 多管闲事的19) potent 强有力的potential 潜在的， 可能的20) confident 有信心的， 自信的confidential 机密的21) negligent 忽视的， 粗心大意的negligible 可忽视的22) momentary 瞬时的， 短时的momentous 重大的23) memorable 值得记忆的， 不能忘却的memorial 纪念的24) social 社会的sociable 善社交的25) childish 幼稚的childlike 孩子般的26) distinct: clear 明显的， 清晰的distinctive: characteristic 独特的， 有区别的27) classic 一流的classical 古典的28) comprehensible 可理解的comprehensive 全面的， 综合的29) disinterested 公平的uninterested 冷淡的30) earthly 人间的， 尘世的earthy 泥土似的31) effective 有效的efficient 有效率的effectual 奏效的32) exceptionable 反对的exceptional 非凡的33) fatal 致命的fateful 决定性的34) fleshly 肉体的fleshy 肥胖的35) homely 家常的homelike 象家的36) im(un)practical 不切合实际的impracticable 无法使用的37) ingenious 有独创性的ingenuous 直率的， 天真的38) manly 男人气派的male 男的masculine 男性的39) movable 可移动的， 变动的mobile 可动的，活动地40) mysterious 神秘的mystical 奥妙的41) notable 著名的（指事）noted 著名的（指人）42) Practical 实际的practicable 可行的， 通行的43) regretful 遗憾的 (指人）regrettable 遗憾的 （指事）44) seasonable 及时的seasonal 季节的45) spiritual 精神的spirituous 酒精的46) tortuous 弯曲的torturous 受刑的47) transitory 短时间的 （指事）transient 瞬时的 （指人）48) elementary 基本的elemental 自然的49) healthy 健康的healthful 有易于健康的50) likely 可能的likable 可爱的51) desirable 合意的desirous 渴望的52)clean 干净的cleanly 有干净习惯的 Are cats cleanly animals?53) kind 慈善地kindly 友好的，亲切的54) temporal 一时的, 暂时的, 世俗的temporary 暂时的, 临时的To the top(回页首) 英语同源副词的区别赵宝斌 在英语中,某些形容词词形同时也可作副词,但这些形容词还有加后缀-ly 副词的形式,因此这类词就有两种副词形式，它们在用法上有些可以互换， 有些是有区别，下面笔者对这类词做一总结。一般地说，可以互换的这类词，形容词词形的副词表示比较具体的概念， 经常用语口语中，不太正式；后缀-ly形式的副词，表示比较抽象的概念，有引申义，并有一定感情色彩，变副词比较级时，用此类副词，如修饰动词和分词，放在它们前面。1) cheap: often used instead of cheaply, esp. in casual conversation and with verbs like buy and sell Do you like this shirt? I bought it really cheaply.cheaply: I cant sell you more cheaply.2) clean: completely, used with (1) verb forget (2) the proposition over, through (3) adv away out I forget. The ball sailed over the roof. The prisoner got away. I am afraid I am clean out of food.cleanly: precisely in a clean manner, often used with v cut. He caught the ball . The doctor cut through the abdominal wall.3) clear: not touching Please stand clear of the gate.clearly: distinctly, obviously, similar to the meaning of clear I cant see without my glasses. We need to think again.4) close: near Come close, I want to tell you something.closely: carefully, with great attention Study this its very important.5) dead: exactly completely, used in certain expressions right, sure, tired, slow, ahead, drunk, straightdeadly: fatally He was injured in the crash.6) direct: used instead of directly in talking about journeys and timetables The plane goes from London to Houston.7) easy: used in certain expressionsTake it easy. easy come, easy go.Easier said than done.easily: I can do very easily.8) fair: used in the expression play , fight fairly: justly, honestlyYou must do it .9) fine: well, used in some expressionsThat suits me fine. You are doing .finely: elaborately (细微地） (not commonly used He studied it very finely.10) free: without paymentYou cant eat in my restaurant.freely: without limit or restriction(限制） You cant speak in front of my father.11) hard: to show degreeHe hit hard.hardly: almost not12) high: it refers to high position. Dont go higher. It is dangerous.highly: it refers to an extreme degree very much. She is paid. It is amusing.13) just: a moment ago I have just come here.justly: in accordance with justice or the law.You must do it justly.14) late: not on time He hates arriving late.lately: recently I havent heard from you lately.15) loud: used instead of loudly in informal conversation with the verbs talk, speak, shout, laughloudly: in a big voice They quarreled .16) low: in a small voice Can you speak low?lowly: in a humble way Dont speak to him lowly.17) most: very Which do you like most?mostly: mainly, most often, in most cases18) pretty: rather well, soonprettily: pleasing to people (悦人地） He danced .19) quick: in informal English used instead of quickly quickly He acted .20) real: in informal English used instead of reallyreally: Are you tell me the truth.21) right: just, exactly, all the wayThe ball hit me in the nose. He arrived after breakfast. Turn right at the traffic lights.rightly: correctly right can be used informally instead of rightly You guessed right(ly)22) sharp: punctually 准时地 He arrived at six oclock .sharply: 锐利地，急剧地 look speak 23) short: suddenlyThe car stopped suddenly.shortly: soon He will come shortly.24) slow: used in informal conversation instead of slowlygo , drive 25) sound: 彻底地 used in the expression sound asleepsoundly: 非常好地 He is sleeping soundly.26) straight and straightly used in the same way.27) sure: used in American English meaning certainly surely: He speaks very surely.28) tight: used instead of tightly in informal conversation.hold , pack . The door was shut .tightly: Wed better sit tightly.29)wide: He opened his eyes wide.widely: in many different placesHe has traveled widely.30) wrong used instead of wrongly in informal conversation.You guessed wrong(ly)To the top(回页首) 容易混淆拼错的英语词赵宝斌 在英语中， 有些单词的拼法很相似，容易混淆，下面笔者总结了这类的词。1) quite 相当 quiet 安静地2) affect v 影响, 假装 effect n 结果, 影响3) adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行4) angel 天使 angle 角度5) dairy 牛奶厂 diary 日记6) contend 奋斗, 斗争 content 内容, 满足的 context 上下文 contest 竞争, 比赛7) principal 校长, 主要的 principle 原则8) implicit 含蓄的 explicit 明白的9) dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放弃 dissert 写论文10) pat 轻拍 tap 轻打 slap 掌击 rap 敲，打11) decent 正经的 descent n 向下, 血统 descend v 向下12) sweet 甜的 sweat 汗水13) later 后来 latter 后者 latest 最近的 lately adv 最近14) costume 服装 custom 习惯15) extensive 广泛的 intensive 深刻的16) aural 耳的 oral 口头的17) abroad 国外 aboard 上（船，飞机）18) altar 祭坛 alter 改变19) assent 同意 ascent 上升 accent 口音20) champion 冠军 champagne 香槟酒 campaign 战役21) baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地的 barn 古仓22) beam 梁， 光束 bean 豆 been have 过去式23) precede 领先 proceed 进行，继续24) pray 祈祷 prey 猎物25) chicken 鸡 kitchen 厨房26) monkey 猴子 donkey 驴27) chore 家务活 chord 和弦 cord 细绳28) cite 引用 site 场所 sight 视觉29) clash （金属）幢击声 crash 碰幢，坠落 crush 压坏30) compliment 赞美 complement 附加物31) confirm 确认 conform 使顺从32) contact 接触 contract 合同 contrast 对照33) council 议会 counsel 忠告 consul 领事34) crow 乌鸦 crown 王冠 clown 小丑 cow 牛35) dose 一剂药 doze 打盹36) drawn draw 过去分词 drown 溺水37) emigrant 移民到国外 immigrant 从某国来的移民38) excess n 超过 exceed v超过 excel 擅长39) hotel 青年旅社 hostel 旅店40) latitude 纬度 altitude 高度 gratitude 感激41) immoral 不道德 的 immortal 不朽的42) lone 孤独的 alone 单独的 lonely 寂寞的43) mortal 不死的 metal 金属 mental 神经的 medal 勋章 model 模特meddle 玩弄44) scare 惊吓 scarce 缺乏的45) drought 天旱 draught 通风, 拖 拉 draughts (英)国际跳棋47) assure 保证 ensure 使确定 insure 保险48) except 除外 expect 期望 accept 接受 excerpt 选录 exempt 免除49) floor 地板 flour 面粉50) incident 事件 accident 意外51) inspiration 灵感 aspiration 渴望52) march 三月, 前进 match 比赛53) patent 专利 potent 有力的 potential 潜在的54) police 警察 policy 政策 politics 政治55) protest 抗议 protect 保护56) require 需要 inquire 询问 enquire 询问 acquire 获得67) revenge 报仇 avenge 为.报仇68) story 故事 storey 楼层 store 商店69) strike 打 stick 坚持 strict 严格的70) expand 扩张 expend 花费 extend 延长71) commerce 商业 commence 开始72) through 通过 thorough 彻底的 (al)though 尽管 thought think 过去分词73) purpose 目的 suppose 假设 propose 建议74) expect 期望 respect 尊敬 aspect 方面 inspect 视察 suspect 怀疑75) glide 滑翔 slide 使滑行 slip 跌落76) steal 偷 steel 钢77) strive 努力 stride 大步走78) allusion 暗示 illusion 幻觉 delusion 错觉 elusion 逃避79) prospect 前景 perspective 透视法80) stationery 文具 stationary 固定的81) loose 松的 lose 丢失 loss n 损失 lost lose过去式82) amend 改正, 修正 emend 校正83) amoral unmoral immoral 同义 不道德的84) capitol 大厦 capital 首都85) casual 随便的 causal 表原因的86) extend 延伸 extent 长度 extant 现存的87) inability 没能力 disability 残疾88) personnel 人事 personal 个人的89) statue 塑像 statute 法令 stature 身长 status 地位90) widow 寡妇 window 窗户91) socks 短袜 stockings 长筒袜92) tax 税 taxi 出租93) definite 不定的 infinite 无限的94) grim 严酷的 grime 污点95) crayon 蜡笔 canyon 山谷96) recent 最近 resent 生气97) phrase 短语 phase 阶段98) mission 使命 emission 散发, 发射 mansion 大厦99) vision 视觉 version 译本100) gasp 上气不接下气 grasp 抓住101) delicate 微妙的 dedicate 献身101) idle 空闲的 idol 偶像102) induce 促使,劝诱 deduce 推测 reduce 减少 seduce 诱使103) lapse 流逝 elapse 消逝 eclipse 日食104) rude 粗鲁的 crude 天然的105) source 水源 sauce 酱油 saucer 茶托 resource 资源 recourse 求援106) sled (儿童)雪橇 sledge 雪橇107) stripe 条纹 strip 条 trip 旅行108) vocation 职业 vacation 假期 evocation 召集 revocation 撤回109) ardor 热情 adore 崇拜 adorn 装饰110) area 区域 era 时代111) resemble 象. assemble v 集合,装配 assembly n 集合, 装配112) assume 假定 resume 恢