对提高高考英语起作重要作用的词.doc

突破高考各个重点词【1】 that.引导名词性从句，只起连接作用，无具体意义。A story goes that Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.2.关系代词，用于限制性定语从句。如：Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? 3.程度副词，等于so.如：Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always that much to do. 4.用于强调句型中，起连接作用。如：Why! I have nothing to confess. What is it that you want me to say? 5.替代词，既可替代可数名词，表特指；又可替代不可数名词，后接of。如：Im moving to countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city. 【考例1】The traditional view is _ _ we sleep because our brain is“programmed”to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that (D)【考例2】-Where did you get to know her? -It was on the farm_we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where (D)【考例3】Little joy can equal_of a surprising ending when you read stories.A. that B. those C. any D. some (A)【考例4】Having checked the doors were closed, and _all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A. why B. that C. when D. where (B)【考例5】-He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. -When was_? -_was in 2000 when he was still in college.A. that; This B. this; ItC. it; This D.that; It (D)【考例6】The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England.（08全国卷I，33）A. which B. what C. that D. the one （）【考例7】 It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.(08全国卷II，20)A. that B. how C. which D. when （A）【考例8】 Animals suffered at the hands of Man _ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people.（08江西卷，34）A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that （D）【考例9】 It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.（08天津卷，8） A. how B. which C. that D. where （C）【考例10】 It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.（08重庆卷，22） A. that B. when C. while D. as （A）【考例11】Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?Victoria Street? _ is where the Grand Theatre is.（08辽宁卷,26）A. SuchB. ThereC. ThatD. This （C）【考例12】 Shall we go out for dinner tonight? _.（08浙江卷，20）A. You are right B. It must be funny C. That sounds great D. Have a nice time （C）【考例13】Ive heard a whisper _ David and Heather are heading for marriage.(08四川延考区，4)A.what B. which C. who D. that (D)【】what1.引导名词性从句，担任句子成分。如：A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. 2.疑问代词，指不定范围的“什么”。如：What do you think I should do to make up for the lost time?3.whatever引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。如：These wild flowers are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them. 4.用于感叹句中。如：What terrible weather weve been having these days! 5.在情景交际中的用法：What for?（表原因，译作“为何”）Whats up?（相当于Whats happening?）So what?（表“是又怎么样呢？”）What a shame!（表遗憾）Whats more.（表递进）Whats wrong?（表焦虑）.What?（请对方部分重复时常用的表达用语。还可表示惊奇，对方不必作答。）如：-Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?-What for? (NMET2004)【考例1】_matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which (A)【考例2】_he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where (B)【考例3】_worries me is the way he keeps changing his mind.A.This B. That C. What D. It (C)【考例4】The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _it is.A. what B. which C. how D. where (A)【考例5】Choosing the right dictionary depends on _you want to use it for.A. what B. why C. how D. whether (A)【考例6】By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of_you read.A. that B. what C. which D. whether (B)【考例7】 The companies are working together to create_they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who （）【考例8】 _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（08福建卷，27） A. It B. What C. As D. Which （B）【考例9】When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. （08湖南卷，29）A. what B. why C. whom D. which （A）【考例10】 _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.（08山东卷，23）A. It B. This C. What D. As （C）【考例11】 People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.（08重庆卷，25） A. that B. which C. what D. how （C）【考例12】Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home.（08浙江卷，6）A. what B. that C. which D. one （A）【考例13】 The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _ the season.（08全国卷I，25）A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D. however （A）【】where1.从属连词，引导地点状语从句。如：The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. 2.关系副词。用于定语从句。如：There were dirty marks on her trousers where she had wiped her hands.3.连接副词，用于名词性从句。如：You are saying that everyone should be equal and this is where I disagree. (NMET2004)【考例1】After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do. A. that B. what C. which D.where (D) （此题考查定语从句）【考例2】Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.A.when B.whose C.which D.where (D)【解析】where引导定语从句修饰activity，在从句中作状语。答案为D项。【考例3】Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs.A. then B. there C. which D. where (D)【解析】where引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作状语。选D.【考例4】The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago. A. when B. which C. that D. where (D)【解析】The village是先行词，where引导的被分割的定语从句。选D.【考例5】Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.A. which B.as C. why D. where (D)【解析】此题考查定语从句。先行词cases在定语从句中作状语，相当于in those cases,译为“情况”“境况”。选D.【考例6】-Where did you get to know her? -It was on the farm _ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where (D)【考例7】Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are.A. where B .what C. when D. why (A)【考例8】 All the neighbors admire this family. _the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that （B）【考例9】 Ill give you y friends home address,_ I can be reached most evenings.（08北京卷，28） A. which B. when C. whom D. where (D)【考例10】 Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.（08江西卷，35）A. where B. when C. who D. which （A）【考例11】 Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it.（08山东卷，31） A. even if B. which C. where D. so that （C）【考例12】 Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held?（08陕西卷，8）A. what B. which C. that D. where （D）【考例13】 They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.（08重庆卷，21）A. where B. there C. which D. when （A）【4】which1.疑问代词，指一定范围的“什么”，常译作“哪一个”。如：Which do you prefer to kill your spare time-watching TV or reading?2.关系代词，也可指代整个句子，但有别于as,不能置于句首；“介词+which”用法一直是高考热点。如：The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.3.连接代词，用于名词性从句中。如：I read about it in some book or other, does it matter which it was? 【考例1】Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.A. that B.which C. who D.where (B)【考例2】By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A. who B. which C. what D. that (B)【考例3】Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.A. with wich B. to which C. of which D. for which (B)【考例4】It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which (D)【考例5】He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing Uiversity?A. after which B. after that C. in which D.in that (A)【考例6】His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream.A. which B. that C. where D. it (A)【考例7】Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in big company.A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this (B)【考例8】 The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.（08全国卷II，16）A. it B. what C. which D. that （C）【考例9】 By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon.（08福建卷，31）A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which （D）【考例10】 The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,_are beyond our control.(08湖南卷，31)A.most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that （B）【考例11】 The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.（08陕西卷,13）A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which （D）【考例12】 For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ New York is an example.（08四川卷，4） A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which （C）【考例13】 The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.（08江苏卷，24） A. whichB. what C. thatD. where （A）【考例14】 Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago.（08浙江卷，8）A. whom B. where C. that D. which （D）【5】it1.替代词it，替代同一事物而非同类事物，也可指代前面整个句子。如：Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didnt help. 2.先行词it，用于名词性从句中，作形式主语或宾语。如：I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. 3.引导词it，用于强调句型中。如：It was not until midnight that he went back home after the experiment.4.虚意it，无具体意义，用来指时间、距离、天气等或较笼统、较模糊的情况。如：-Id like to take a weeks holiday.-Forget it. Were too busy. 5.人称代词it，指动物或无生命的东西，如：Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, isnt it?【考例1】I dont mind her criticizing me, but _ is how she does it that I object to.A. it B. that C. this D. which (A)【考例2】-Have you heard the latest news? -No, what _?A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those (A)【考例3】He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.A. this B. that C. it D. these (C)【考例4】_felt funny watching myself on TV.A. One B. This C. It D. That (C)【考例5】In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _.A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be (D)【考例6】 -How much do I owe you for lunch? -_. Its nothing.（08天津卷，9） A. Youre welcome B. Forget it C. With pleasure D. Thats right （B）【6】when1.引导时间状语从句。如：Dont be afraid of asking for help when it is needed. 2.类似并列连词，表at that time, 常用于be about to do . when, hardly.when等句型中。如：We were swimming in the lake when suddenly the storm started. 3.表原因，同since。如：Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?4.连接副词，用于名词性从句中。如：I remember when this used to be a quiet village. 5.关系副词，用于定语从句中。如：The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village. 6.whenever引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。如：You can eat food free in my restaurant whenever you like. 7.表让步，同even if.如：The enemy held out when they must have known there was no hope.【考例】-Wheres that report? -I brought it to you _you were in Mr.Blacks office yesterday.A. if B. when C. because D. before (B)【考例】The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great changes.（07山东卷，35）A. when B. during when C. since then D.since when (D) （考查状语从句）【考例3】 Nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.（08福建卷，28） A. that B. which C. when D. where （C）【考例4】 Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.（08山东卷，26） A. who B. which C. why D. when （D）【考例5】 There were some chairs left over _ everyone had sat down.（08四川卷，6） A. when B. until C. that D. where （A）【考例6】 The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.（08天津卷，12） A. where B. how C. when D. why （C）【考例7】 I used to love that film _ I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more.（08江苏卷，32）A. onceB. whenC. sinceD. although （B）【考例8】Jane is back in May, by_ the new house should be finished.(08四川延考区，14)A. which B. that C. whom D. when (D)【7】an/a/the1.结合语境，分析特指与泛指。【考例1】I looked under _ bed and found _ book I lost last week. （07北京卷）A. the; a B. the; the C. /; the D.the; / (B)【解析】根据语境，两空均为特指。故选B。【考例2】An accident happened at _ crossroads a few meters away from _ bank.A. a;a B. /; a C. /; the D. the; / (A)【解析】依句首an accident可知，这是听说的一件事，故两空均为泛指。2.表示类别，分清整体和个体。The表示“人或物整体的一类”；a/an表示“一类人或物中的任何一个。”换言之，the是从种类整体讲的，而a/an则是从种类个体的角度讲的。【考例3】Alexander Gaham Bell invented _telephone in 1876.(NMET1991)A. / B. a C. the D. one (C)【解析】the是从整体角度讲的。【考例4】Nowadays, _ _ _mobile phone is _ _ popular means of communication.A. the; a B. a; / C. the; the D. a; the (A)【解析】第一空表整体中的一类用the; 第二空表一种方式用a.3.注意名词，分清抽象与具体。【考例5】We have every reason to believe that _ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be _ success.A. /; a B. the; / C. the; a D. a; a (C)【解析】第一空表特指；第二空success 抽象名词具体化。【考例6】For many Beijingers, dreams of living in _ green area are becoming _ reality.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. a; the (A)【解析】第一空表泛指选a; 第二空抽象名词具体化。【考例7】 Its not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.（08全国卷I，8）A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the （A）【考例8】 Have you heard news? The price of petrol is going up again！（08湖南卷，22）A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填 （C）【考例9】 - I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.（08江西卷，30）A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a （B）【考例10】 Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource.（08山东卷，21）A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. the; the D. the; a （D）【考例11】 I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train.（08陕西卷，10）A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a （C）【考例12】 In many places in China, bicycle is still_ poplar means of transportation.（08重庆卷，27） A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the （C）【考例13】21. We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.（08江苏卷，21） A. the theB. / theC. the / D. / / （B）【考例14】 My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy.（08辽宁卷，24） A. a; 不填 B. the; theC. 不填；theD. a; the （D）【考例15】 In the United States, there is always _ flow of people to areas of _ country where more jobs can be found. （08四川卷，8）A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a （A）【考例16】 _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.（08浙江卷，2）A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填（A）【8】while1.引导时间状语从句，从句谓语动词为延续性动词。如：-Im going to the post office.-While youre there, can you get me some stamps? (NMET1999)2.并列连词，表两相对照。如：The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, while the quality of life is probably one of the highest. (天津2006)3.引导让步状语从句，表“部分接受，并非全部”。如：While I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. (江苏2006)【考例1】_ I really dont like the art, I find his work impressive.（07山东卷，29）A. As B. Since C. If D. While (D)【考例2】Id like to study law at university _ my cousin prefers geography. （07四川卷，29）A. though B. as C. while D. for (C)【考例3】 _the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a food idea to spend too much time on it. （08湖南卷，33）A. If B. While C. Because D. As （B）【考例4】 In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children.（08四川卷，12） A. but B. while C. because D. though （B）【9】as1.关系代词，引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。如：As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. 2.用作介词，表“作为”或用在动词treat, recognize等之后。如：I feel that one of my main duties as a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. 3.从属连词，引导状语从句，表“让步、时间、方式、比较、原因等。如：Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as father was away in France.As the day went on, the weather got worse. It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe. 4.as常见搭配：as good as (与一样好；实际上，几乎等于) as well (as) (也；与一样好)， as much（如此），as far as （据），not so much as （不如）等。如：As long as I know the money is