高中英语语法项目-主谓一致知识点分析全国通用.docVIP

高中语法复习-主谓一致一、 概念主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间，即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。二、 主谓一致的原则语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则三、 就近原则（谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近他的主语）连词or, eitheror; neithernor; not onlybut also; notbut; whetheror在句子中连接主语或者在there be句型中，谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。如：a. Neither you nor I am young.b. There is a book and two apples on the desk. There are two apples and a book on the desk.c. Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.四、 语法一致的原则 当主语用and或bothand连接的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。当并列的主语指一个人，同一个事物或者同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。（bread and butter, fork and knife, law and order等做主语时，谓语动词用单数）如：Bread and butter is served before lunch.My father and teacher is strict with me.(father 和teacher指同一人)My father and my teacher are strict with me.(father 和teacher指两个人，看and后的名词有没有修饰语，如果有就用复数，如果没有就用单数)。 当主语后跟有短语as well as, together with, with, along with, including, like, rather than, no less than, and not, more than, except, besides, in addition to时，谓语动词要和前面的主语保持一致。如：a. You, rather than, your teacher, are responsible for your studies. b. The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street.不定式短语、动名词短语或从句做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：a. Whether she comes or not is of no matter.b. What he is doing seems very important.注意：what, who，which引导的主语从句和all引导的句子，根据意义而定。如：a. What we need here is more time.(看表语，time不可数)b. What we need here are some apples.(be动词后的为表语)c. All are present and all is going well.(所有人都到齐了，一切顺利)当不定代词做主语时，其谓语动词用单数。(either, neither, each, anybody, anyone, someone, nothing等)如：Each of us has a dictionary.=They each have a dictionary.关系代词who, that, which在引导的定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数要和先行词的数保持一致。如：a. Those who enjoy singing may join us.b. I, who am your English teacher, will do my best.注意：a. David is one of the boys who _ a driving license.b. David is the (only) one of the boys who _ a driving license.A are having B have been C has D havea. D(中心词为boys) b. C(中心词为the only) more than one；every and every； each and each； one and a half+名词复数；many a and many a ; no and no它们这些词加名词做主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：a. Every boy and every girl in our class is diligent.b. No sound and no voice is heard.分数、百分数， the rest of/half of/part of/majority of+名词做主语时，谓语动词要和of动词后面的名词一致。如：a.80% of the people in China are farmers. b. Two-thirds of the earth is made up of vast ocean.a number of+ c.n.（pl.） 许多，大量的，谓语动词用复数 The number of +c.n.(pl) 的数量， 谓语动词用单数 A （large） quantity of+ n.许多，大量，谓语动词视of后面的名词来决定 quantities of +n. 许多，大量，谓语动词用复数如：a. A large quantity of people are needed here.b. Quantities of food were on the table. A large amount of +u.n 许多，大量，谓语动词用单数 Large amounts of +u.n 许多，大量，谓语动词用复数如：A large amount of money has been spent on the project. Large amounts of money have been spent on the project. a kind of+n.谓语动词一般用单数，但当kind为复数时，谓语动词用复数。如：a. This kind of music is popular among people.b. These kinds of books are in great demand.有些名词单数和复数形式一样，但做主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。如：means, works, deer; fish; sheep; Chinese; JapaneseNot every means is useful.Not all means are useful.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Between the two windows hangs a picture.Seldom dose he get up early.五、 意义一致的原则 表示书名、时间、距离、价值、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看，谓语动词用单数。如：a.Four hundred is more than we can afford.b.Ten days is a long time to wait for all answers.某些名词以s结尾，如maths, politics, physics, plastics, news等谓语动词用单数。如：Physics is a very interesting srbjact.某些名词如people,cattle,police形式是单数，意义是复数，谓语动词用复数。如：cattle are fed well in the village.Most of the people are in favor of the new policy.the+adj表示人，谓语动词用复数，如：The rich are not always happier than the poorthe+adj,表示物，谓语动词用单数如：The beautiful lives forever. 某些名词如：clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses做主语，谓语动词用复数;但它们被a pair of，a set of, a box of ,a kind of, a type of等修饰时，谓语动词用单数如：The shoes are worn outThe pair of shoes is worn out. 集合名词做主语，强调整体，谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时，谓语动词用复数。如：public,family,class,crowd,population,group etc,His family is going out.His family are all music lovers.巩固练习I .用所给的词的正确形式填空 1. Such _ our plan for the future.Such _ his words that he told us. (be) 2. What we need badly _ more time. What we need now _more sheep. (be) 3. Each of them _ light music and country music.They each _ light music and country music. (enjoy) 4. Now that all _ been here, lets change to another place.All that should be done _ been done. (have) 5. A knife and fork _ on the table.A knife and a fork _ on the table. (lie) 6. One third of the deer _ lost last night.One third of the fish _ eaten up by him up till now. (be) 7. The steel works _ across the street.Plenty of works _ translated into many languages. (be) 8. Ann is one of the girls who _ failed in the driving test.Ann is the one of the girls who _ failed in the driving test. (have) 9. The old _ taking good care of in our country.The old man _ taking good care in my family. (require) 10. Part of the work _ been done. Part of the workers _ been there. (have)II选择填空。1.I, who_ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.A. am B. is C. are D. be2. The rich _ not always happy.A. are B. is C. has D. have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students.A. are B. am C. is D. was4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China.A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study5. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters.A. are;are B. am;am C. am;are D. is;is6. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party.A. wish B. wishes C. is like D. like7. Over 80 percent of the population of China _ peasants.A.was B.is C. would be D.are8. The population of China _ larger than that of any other country in the world.A.is B.are C.has D.have9. Every means _ tried but without any result.A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been10. Alice, together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule.A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished11. The League secretary and the monitor_ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.A.is B.was C.are D.is being12. The great writer and professor_.A. is an old man B. are both old menC. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese13. There _ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A.are B.is C.has D.have14. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _ much if people leave things as they are.A. doesn t change B.dont change C.change D.changed15. The Arabian Nights _ well known to the English.A. is B. are C. was D. were16. J.K Rowlings works _ translated into many foreign languages.A. has been B.have been C.was D.is17. The Olympic Games _ held every _ years.A.is;four B.are;four C.was;four D.were;four18 .The United States of America_one of the most developed countries in the world.A.is B.are C.was D.were19.He is the only one of the students who _ elected.A. are B.have C.has D.is20.This is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.A.have B.has C. have been D.has been21.All_ present and all_ going on well, our monitor said.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are22. The police _ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for B. were searching forC. are searching for D. were searching23Your trousers_ dirty. You must have_ washed.A.is; it B.are; it C.are; them D.is; them24.This pair of trousers _ too long for him.A.is B.be C.are D.were25. One and a half bananas _ left on the table.A.is B.are C.has D.have26. Eight times eight _ sixty - four. A.is B.are C.get D.equal27 .Ten minutes_ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes28._of the money_run out.A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has beenC. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have29. The whole class _ the teacher attentively.A. are listening to B. is listening toC.are listening D. is listening30. I have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which_ more difficult.A.is B.are C.was D.were31. Large quantities of water _ for irrigation.A. is needed B. are needing C. are needed D. need32. That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all.A. is B.was C.are D.all33.What we need_ good textbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has34. More than one member _ against the plan.A. is B.are C.has D.have35. When and where to build the new factory _.A. has not decided B. is not decidedC. are not decided D. have not decided36. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is37. Mathematics _ the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be38. The following _ some other examples. A. are B. is C. was D. were39. They both have some friends; but his _ more active.A. is B. will be C. was D. are40. Early to bed and early to rise _ a good habit. A. are B. is C. were D. wasIII完成句子1. Every boy and every girl _(有权利接受教育) in our country. (right)2. This kind of apple _(销售很好) in the supermarket. (sell)3. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _(正从事