雾都孤儿readingreport终结版.doc

Qinggong College Hebei United University英语读书报告实践 论文题目：雾都孤儿评析Reading Report on Oliver Twist 学 院： 轻工学院外语学部专 业： 英 语班 级： 2012级2班姓 名： 王晨曦（201224310219号）黄 靖 （201224310206号）付朋月（201224310209号）孔雯雯（201224310224号） 孙丽娜（201224310214号）杜文慧（201224310221号） 指导教师： 崔童2014年5月15日A Reading ReportPresented to Oliver TwistQinggong CollegeHebei United University By12QE-2 Wang Chenxi (王晨曦）12QE-2 Kong Wenwen (孔雯雯) 12QE-2 Sun Lina (孙丽娜) 12QE-2 Huang Jing (黄靖)12QE-2 Fu Pengyue (付朋月) 12QE-2 Du Wenhui (杜文慧) May 15, 2014目 录摘 要1Abstract11 Introduction21.1 Charles Dickenss Life21.2 The Introduction of Writers Times31.2.1 Historical Background31.2.2 Social Background42 Summary43 Comments53.1 Opinion53.2 Merits and Demerits63.2.1 The Merits of the Oliver Twist63.2.2 Demerits：Dickenss Anti-Semitism Tendency in Oliver Twist73.3 Significance and Influence84 The Authors Style and Techniques of Presentation104.1 Dickenss Writing Style104.2 Dickenss techniques of presentation10Bibliography11Acknowledgements1213摘 要查尔斯狄更斯(18121870)是19世纪英国最杰出的小说家。雾都孤儿是查尔斯狄更斯的代表作之一。19世纪30年代的雾都伦敦，一位怀孕的年轻妇女在街上晕倒，生下一个男孩后去世。这个男孩就是故事的主人公奥利弗。奥利弗从小在孤儿院长大，10岁时被送到棺材店当学徒，因为无法承受老板的殴打和繁重的劳动逃跑到伦敦。他逃到了伦敦的街上，成为了雾都孤儿。他流浪到一个盗贼的巢穴，在伦敦游荡。奥利弗在逆境中挣扎，凭借自己的努力和许多热心人的帮助下，克服了一切困难。他最后找到了生活的真理。本文分析的讨论了小说中的四个人物。又分析了两对有感情的男女，引导我们了解作者的写作模式和在一个特定的环境下产生的特定的性格。关键词 查尔斯狄更斯；特定的环境；分析；特定的性格AbstractCharles Dickens (1812-1870) is the most prominent 19th-century British novelist. Oliver twist is one of the representative works of Charles Dickens. London Fog in the 1830 s, a young pregnant woman collapsed in the street. She died after giving birth to a boy. The boy is the story of the hero Oliver. Oliver grew up in an orphanage. He is sent to the coffin shop as apprentice can not to withstand boss beaten and heavy labor at age 10. He flees to the street and becomes an Oliver Twist. He strays into a den of thieves and wandering in London. Oliver struggles in the face of adversity, but fortunately gets good help. Relies on his own efforts and the help of enthusiastic people, he has overcome all difficulties and has found the truth of his life.This article discusses and analyzes four characters in the novel. Reanalysis two pairs of men and women who have emotional ties in this book, and leads us to know about the authors writing patterns and a specific character of writing produced in a particular environment.Key words Charles Dickens; particular environment; analysis; specific characterQinggong College Hebei United University1 Introduction1.1 Charles Dickenss LifeCharles Dickens, born in 1812, was the son of a clerk in a government office. His father spent more money than he earned, and Charles Dickens was still a boy when his father was sent to prison for debt. In those days, men who owed quite small a mounts had to stay in prison until the debt was paid.One result was that Charles education was interrupted. Another result was that he had experience of the unhappy life of many poor people, including children. In years of hard work in various unpleasant jobs, he met large numbers of people, young and old, rich and poor, happy and miserable. He had unusual energy and unusual powers of observation. He worked hard to improve his knowledge and at the same time he stored away memories of all the people he metthe men he worked for, the boys he worked with, the London scenes and London characters.He learnt to write shorthand, and he became a newspaper reporter, using his shorthand to record speeches and conversations in different parts of England and finally in Parliament. He began to write sketchesshort stories and descriptionsfor weekly and monthly magazines. Readers enjoyed these sketches, especially those which showed Dickens humor, his rich sense of fun. The Pickwick Papers appeared in parts in 183637, and the public loved them. Mr. Pickwick is the very simple, innocent observer of the behavior of the people of his time. He is shocked by the wickedness the finds. Sam Weller, his servant, is a worldlywise, clever fellow who gets Mr. Pickwick out of trouble with all the humor of the London “Cockney”. The Pickwick Papers were immediately popular, and Dickens was soon in a position to make the writing of novels his one profession. The stories poured from his pen. They all appeared in weekly or monthly parts before being collected in books. Here are the most important of them in order of writing, with the date of appearance as a book:1838 Oliver Twist;1839 Nicholas Nickleby;1841 The Old Curiosity Shop;1848 Dombey and Son;1849 David Copperfield;1854 Hard Times;1859 A Tale of Two Cities;1861 Great Expectations.1.2 The Introduction of Writers Times1.2.1 Historical BackgroundThe novel takes London as background, and takes an orphans experience as mainline and describes all forms of people and events. And it truly reflected many sides of the London, even the whole England society. It not only reflected an orphans pained experience, but also reflected the hardship of the lower class people of London. Meanwhile, it described the upper organizations rottenness and absurdity.At the time of writing Oliver Twist, United Kingdom was in the first Industrial Revolution period. The Industrial Revolution was a time of dramatic change, from hand tools and handmade items, to products. Workers became more productive, and since more items were manufactured, prices dropped, making items available to thepoor and the rich. The first Industrial Revolution produced two important opposite classes, industry bourgeoisie and proletariat. Life generally improved, but the Industrial Revolution also proved harmful. Pollution increased, working conditions were harmful, and capitalists employed women and young children, making them work long and hard hours. The Industrial Revolution was a time for change，for the better, or for the worse. Historians agree that the Industrial Revolution was one of the most important events in history. The English Industrial Revolution, which took place within a capitalist economy, necessarily made working people worse off. It was a disaster for the working classes. Capitalism developed so rapidly that a large number of bourgeois become rich, and Proletariat suffered from cruel exploitation and become very poor. Under this situation, Dickens always stands in the position of the people to observe life. It is so important to choose London as the place where the story occurs in Oliver Twist, Because London has all kinds of the representative characteristics, the upper class living a loose and luxury life, but the lower class having no right. London just like a mirror reflects a variety of contradictions and maladies in social life. Choosing poorhouse as the background of the story testified authors altitude and society sensibility. Oliver was born at the poorhouse; just as the author pointed out that it was destined Oliver would live a life of agony and misery. Dickens does not tell us where the poorhouse is, his purpose is to emphasize that the story is so common. Olivers experience revealed the hypocritical charities of the bourgeoisie. In fact, nobody was willing to take care of the children. They live in dirty and chilly situation, enduring the hunger and agony forever. The beadle of the poorhouse embezzles the funds that are used to support childrens living. Childrens destiny is entrusted to ruthless parasites, such as Mrs. Mann, the town beadle Mr. Bumble, and the directors of the board of directors. All of them are so hypocritical; they are just concerned with their benefit. The poorhouse is also the concentrating embody of the situation of the low class having no right and money. To Charles Dickens, the whole Bourgeoisie world is a big poorhouse.1.2.2 Social BackgroundCharles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsea, England. His parents were middle-class, but they suffered financially as a result of living beyond their means. Oliver Twist was Dickens second novel, which marked the beginning of Dickens literary life. It began to appear in a monthly magazine. “I had perhaps the best subject I have ever thought of, I have thrown my whole heart and soul into Oliver.”That its general purpose was clear in his mind was evident from his later written preface: “I wished to show, in little Oliver, the principle of Good Surviving through every adverse circumstance and triumphing at last”. The companions among whom he was to be ridded were the criminals of Londons under two worlds. The author depicted it not in a romantic mood just as his contemporary novels, but showed much miserable reality. That reality was the great and enduring strength of the book. Dickens knew it a lot by close observation, which he had already demons rated in, had newspaper sketches of London streets and criminal court. Also, there was another reason, that is, he knew it by his own experience. He was born in a provident way; so even when he was very young, he suffered a lot. He knew those kinds of feeling and of course he could share the solitary childs pain, for he bewildered in those years when he hand labored hopelessly in the blacking warehouse. As he said much later, he himself might have become a little robber or a litter vagabond. That period of time was so bitter and galling to his sensitive boy that many years later, when he was very successful, he could not look back upon it without tears in his eyes. Maybe it was the main reason that why he took much more attention to common peoples lives and their feelings.2 SummaryOliver Twist is born in a workhouse in 1830s England. His mother, whose name no one knows, is found on the street and dies just after Olivers birth. Oliver spends the first nine years of his life in a badly run home for young orphans and then is transferred to a workhouse for adults. After the other boys bully Oliver into asking for more gruel at the end of a meal, Mr. Bumble, the parish beadle, offers five pounds to anyone who will take the boy away from the workhouse. Oliver narrowly escapes being apprenticed to a brutish chimney sweep and is eventually apprenticed to a local undertaker, Mr. Sowerberry. When the undertakers other apprentice, Noah Claypole, makes disparaging comments about Olivers mother, Oliver attacks him and incurs the Sowerberrys wrath. Desperate, Oliver runs away at dawn and travels toward London.Outside London, Oliver, starved and exhausted, meets Jack Dawkins, a boy his own age. Jack offers him shelter in the London house of his benefactor, Fagin. It turns out that Fagin is a career criminal who trains orphan boys to pick pockets for him. After a few days of training, Oliver is sent on a pick pocketing mission with two other boys. When he sees them swipe a handkerchief from an elderly gentleman, Oliver is horrified and runs off. He is caught but narrowly escapes being convicted of the theft, Mr. Brownlow, the man whose handkerchief was stolen, takes the feverish Oliver to his home and nurses him back to health. Mr. Brownlow is struck by Olivers resemblance to a portrait of a young woman that hangs in his house. Oliver thrives in Mr. Brownlows home, but two young adults in Fagins gang, Bill Sikes and his lover Nancy, capture Oliver and return him to Fagin.Fagin sends Oliver to assist Sikes in a burglary. Oliver is shot by a servant of the house and, after Sikes escapes, is taken in by the woman who lives there, Mrs. Maylie and her beautiful adopted niece Rose. They grow fond of Oliver, and he spends an idyllic summer with them in the countryside. But Fagin and a mysterious man named Monks are set on recapturing Oliver. Meanwhile, it is revealed that Olivers mother left behind a gold locket when she died. Monks obtains and destroys that locket. When the Maylies come to London, Nancy meets secretly with Rose and informs her of Fagins designs, but a member of Fagins gang overhears the conversation. When word of Nancys disclosure reaches Sikes, he brutally murders Nancy and flees London. Pursued by his guilty conscience and an angry mob, he inadvertently hangs himself while trying to escape.Mr. Brownlow, with whom the Maylies have reunited Oliver, confronts Monks and wrings the truth about Olivers parentage from him. It is revealed that Monks is Olivers half brother. Their father, Mr. Leeford, was unhappily married to a wealthy woman and had an affair with Olivers mother, Agnes Fleming. Monks has been pursuing Oliver all along in the hopes of ensuring that his half-brother is deprived of his share of the family inheritance. Mr. Brownlow forces Monks to sign over Olivers share to Oliver. Moreover, it is discovered that Rose is Agness younger sister, hence Olivers aunt. Fagin is hanging for his crimes. Finally, Mr. Brownlow adopts Oliver, and they and the Maylies retire to a blissful existence in the countryside. 3 Comments3.1 OpinionMy opinion about humble characters in the novel is Nancy. Nancys world is mixed with pain and darkness, she is poor, miserable, bitterness, but she is faithful to her loved ones without any complaints, Nancys instinct and love protect her from losing the part of the goodness of human nature. I think the beautiful flower of human nature is open. I like the authors humorous writing style. The plot is up and down and deeply moving me. When I see Olive Twist met with a tragic thing, I give sympathy for him. When I see Olive Twists felicity, I also feel happy.Like many of his later novels, its central theme is the hardship faced by the dispossessed and those of the outside of critical society. Oliver is born in a workhouse and treated cruelly as the norm at that time for pauper children. “Of this festive composition each boy had one porringer, and no more-except on occasions of great public rejoicing when he had two ounces and a quarter of bread besides. The bowls never need wash. The boys polished them with their spoons till it shone again; and when they had performed this operation, they would sit staring at the copper, with such eager eyes, as if they could have devoured the every bricks of which it was composed; employing themselves, meanwhile, in sucking their fingers most assiduously, with the view of catching up any stray splashes of gruel that might have been cast there on.” We can find that Olivers life is so poor, and all day in a state of hunger. Children licked their little finger hopelessly, expecting the splashing porridge. We can imagine how miserable the childrens life. Dickens is in the form of a novel reflected the social darkness reality, the peoples life is so poor under capitalist society.There are some details really impress me. The ladies looked after him so well and he loved them with all his heart. When Oliver got that Rose would not die but would live for years to come.” He could not weep, or speak, or rest. He went out and picked some beautiful flowers for Roses room. All of these just tell me how virtuous he is even though he was in a difficult hard time. His goodness just brought him the good lucky all the time. Though the life of the way is so troubled by the society at that time, it may be the most powerful strength to warm everyone around him.3.2 Merits and Demerits3.2.1 The Merits of the Oliver TwistOliver Twist shows the darkness of the society, the charity who abuse child, attacking the new poor law.The background of this book is the 19th century in London. From the story, the book likes the most outstanding works that uses the inclusion, and before the emergence of the characters and after the figures and characters has all kinds of connections with contact, this seems surprising, but it is in reason. Compared to such a good writers are common characteristics, the conception of the plot, coherent, buried a foreshadowing, the entire complicated plot in a few lines running through the fusion. Throughout the book, the plot of the story is not particularly complex, but relatively easy to read. In terms of language style in the book, the most used style of Dickens is irony, the tone of the most common to narrative the vile behavior, revealed the thought, some ugly face of noble morality. He is a great master of language.Oliver Twist is the second novels of Dickens, is also one of his early creation of outstanding works. This novel shows us the little orphan Oliver Twist who is in a world full of poverty and crime, how to hide in the narrow, filthy remote streets in London of terror and violence, and how to get some good people like spring warm care. Here appear all sorts of characters; they represent a profound human nature. Flowers of good and evil flower bloom at the same time make our readers sigh unceasingly at the same time, to think of life infinite too.Oliver Twist makes people more aware the necessary about society reform. From a certain extent promoted the government to take measures to deal with the social reform, so that the living conditions of the poor have some improvements and the influence is still.The objective of set the character, Oliver, is to set a good example for the modern people, especially the young people. In this novel, Oliver is a very brave and persistent boy. He never give up, although he always has to endure beatings, hunger and loneliness. This is the spirit of modern society.This book shows the goodness of human nature also touches peoples hearts. With the development of the times, people begin to doubt the existence of humanity. Even worse, some people no longershow sympathy for those poor people,