课件：职业健康和安全培训.ppt

OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,1,Occupational Health and Safety Training职业健康和安全培训,Session 2第二节: Basic Safety Policies the Backbone of an Occupational Health and Safety Program基本安全规定-职业健康和安全纲要,2,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Basic Safety Policies基本安全规定,By the end of this session, be able to学完本节，你将: List general safety rules applicable to any lab列出适用于任何实验室的一般安全规定 List the components of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) policies including列出个人防护用具的主要内容包括有: Safety Eyewear Policy佩戴防护镜规定 Lab Coat Policy穿实验服规定 Respirator Policy戴口罩的规定 Safety Glove Policy戴手套规定 List the components of a Working Alone Policy列出独自操作的主要内容,3,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,General Safety Rules 一般安全规则,4,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,General Safety Rules安全通则,1. All staff must adhere to the safety policies as set out in the OHS Manual所有工作人员必须遵守职业健康安全手册制订的规定 Do not handle, store or consume food or beverages in the laboratory environment不要在实验室中携带、保存和食用食物或饮料 Do not store food or drink in a refrigerator which is used to store laboratory materials不要在存放实验材料的冰箱中存放个人的食物或饮料,5,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,General Safety Rules contd 安全通则续,4. Wash hands before and after前后要洗手 -entering and leaving the lab进入和离开实验室 -using the washroom用过洗手间 -spill clean-ups溅洒清除后 Inform co-workers of plans to carry out hazardous work before you start在有害操作前通知同事 Do not pipette by mouth不要用嘴操作吸量管,6,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,General Safety Rules contd 安全通则续,7. Do not smoke in the laboratory实验室内不得吸烟 Personal protective equipment is available to all employees and must be worn when required对所有员工必要时一定佩戴个人防护用具 9. Staff wearing contact lenses must inform the safety committee allows the first aid attendant to act appropriately if an injury occurs involving the eyes戴有隐形眼镜的雇员一定要告知安全委员会-一旦发生眼睛的伤害急救员可正确操作,7,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,General Safety Rules contd 安全通则续,10. Footwear must consist of closed-toed shoes, preferably non-slip soles, and preferably covers entire foot实验室中穿用的鞋子必须覆盖脚趾，须防滑底，保护整个脚面 11. Shorts and capri style pants are not permitted. Skirts must be ankle-length短裤和沙滩裤是不允许穿的。裙子必须长至脚踝 12. Restrain loose clothing (e.g. sleeves, full cut blouses, neckties, etc.), long hair and dangling jewelry禁止穿着宽松休闲服装（如长袖的、宽大的、带有领带的上衣等等），禁止留长发、戴夸张摇摆的首饰,8,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,General Safety Rules contd 安全通则续,13. Never run in the laboratory or along corridors, or indulge in reckless behavior不要在实验室或走廊中奔跑，或导致恶果的行为 14. Exercise care when opening and closing doors, walking in corridors and entering or leaving the laboratory在开关门、沿走廊行走及进出实验室时，注意自己的行为 15. Do not carry out hazardous work alone in a laboratory; ensure that at least a second person is within call不要独自在实验室从事危险工作，至少确保能够电话呼唤到他人,9,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,General Safety Rules contd 安全通则续,16. Regard all substances as hazardous unless there is definite information to the contrary在没有得到确认前，将所有物质首先设想为有害的 17. Never undertake work unless you are aware of potential hazards, and appropriate safety precautions have been adopted不要随便承诺某项工作，除非你知道其潜在危害，相应的安全措施已经采纳,10,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,General Safety Rules contd 安全通则续,18.Use safety carriers for transporting chemicals in glass or plastic containers with a capacity of 2L or greater. Never carry containers of mutually reactive substances at the same time传送体积大于2升的玻璃或塑料容器盛装的化学试剂须用专门的安全的搬运用具。不要同时搬运互相能够发生反应的化学品,11,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,General Safety Rules contd 安全通则续,WRONG WAY错误的搬运法,12,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,General Safety Rules contd 安全通则续,19. Never store mutually reactive substances in the same area不要在同一地点存放互相反应的物品 20. Only keep the minimum required quantities of hazardous substances in the laboratory work area在实验室只能取用实验用的最小量有害化学物质 21. Use a fume hood when working with highly toxic, volatile or odoriferous substances使用高毒、以挥发或异味的物品应在通风橱内进行,13,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,General Safety Rules contd 安全通则续,22. Use a biological safety cabinet when working with microbiological pathogens在使用微生物病原体时应在生物安全柜中进行 23. Ensure safety information and emergency procedures are accessible at all times within each laboratory确保每个实验室在任何时间都可以接受到安全信息和紧急情况处理 24. Clean up spills immediately立即清除溅洒物,14,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,General Safety Rules contd 安全通则续,25. Dispose of specialized wastes (e.g. broken glassware, biological and radioactive substances) in containers reserved for the particular type of waste废弃物专门分类，在分属于不同种类废弃物的容器中分别存放（如碎玻璃、生物废物和放射性废物）,15,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Personal Protective Equipment Policies 个人防护用具规定,16,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Personal Protective Equipment 个人防护用具,Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)个人防护用品 Definition定义: Devices worn by the worker to protect him/herself against hazards in the environment在有害环境下工作人员穿戴得防护用具 Commonly used PPE in the lab实验室常用个人防护用品 Safety Glasses/Goggles 护目镜 Lab coats 工作服 Gloves 手套 Respirators 口罩,17,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Safety Eyewear Policy 安全护眼规定,18,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Safety Eyewear Policy 安全护眼规定,All personnel working with or near chemicals or hazardous materials, in designated lab areas, must wear CSA approved protective eyewear. 在指定实验室区域，所有接触或紧邻化学品或有害物质的工作人员都必须佩戴加拿大安全委员会授权的护目镜 Prescription eyeglasses, unless they are CSA approved, are not acceptable, and must be covered with CSA approved protective goggles 购置的护目镜，必须是加拿大安全委员会授权的，并贴有CSA 标志,19,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Implementing a Safety Eyewear Policy 执行安全护眼规定,Perform Job Hazard Analyses完成工作岗位危险分析 Determine lab areas and specific functions which require safety eyewear to be worn确定须佩戴防护镜实验室区域及特殊功能区,20,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Implementing a Safety Eyewear Policy contd 执行安全护眼规定续,Designate a safety committee member responsible for指定安全委员会成员负责: Enforcing the policy强制执行有关规定 Fit staff with safety eyewear使工作人员能够配戴上合适的护目镜 Develop an inventory of safety glasses/ goggles保证护目镜的充足 Available for use 可用 Fitted for each employee每个职工配戴合适,21,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Safety glasses are COOL! 护目镜很帅,22,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,2. Lab Coat Policy 工作服的规定,23,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Lab Coat Policy 工作服的规定,Lab coats must be worn at all times, in designated laboratory areas在指定的实验室区域，工作服必须随时穿着 with a lab coat穿 without a lab coat未穿,24,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Implementing a Lab Coat Policy 执行实验室工作服穿着规定,Perform Job Hazard Analyses完成工作岗位危险性分析 Determine when lab coats are required to be worn确定合适穿实验室工作服 include specific lab areas 特殊实验室区域 include specific functions 特殊功能区域 Designate a safety committee member responsible for指定安全委员会成员负责: Enforcing the policy强迫执行有关规定,25,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Safety Glove Policy 戴手套规定,26,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Safety Gloves Policy 戴手套规定,Gloves 手套 Must be worn when working with chemicals, biological pathogens, human or animal tissue or biological fluid samples在接触化学品、生物病原体、人类或动物组织或生物液体样品时，必须戴手套,27,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Implementing Safety Gloves Policy执行戴手套规定,Perform job hazard analyses完成工作岗位危险性分析 Investigate glove products protect the worker against specific chemicals调研各种手套对不同化学品的防护作用 It is generally NOT SUFFICIENT to have only one type of glove in the lab实验室仅有一种手套是不够的 Common types of gloves used in the lab实验室常用手套种类 Nitrile腈橡胶 Latex乳胶 Create a list of chemicals used in the lab, with the appropriate protective gloves to be used when handling these chemicals列出实验室使用的化学品的品种及相应佩戴手套的种类,28,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Implementing Safety Gloves Policy contd执行戴手套规定续,Designate a safety committee member responsible for指定安全委员会成员负责: Enforcing the policy强制执行有关规定 Maintaining the chemical/glove inventory (ex. investigates which gloves are required when a new chemical is used in the lab)完善化学品/手套清单（例如，补充新化学品及相应须佩戴手套的种类）,29,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Respirator Policy 佩戴口罩的规定,30,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Respirator Policy 佩戴口罩的规定,Respirator口罩 Definition定义: a protective device that covers the workers nose and mouth or the entire face and head to keep airborne contaminants out of the workers respiratory system and provide a safe air supply用于遮盖工作人员的鼻、口或面部及头部，阻挡颗粒污染物侵入呼吸系统，提供安全空气的防护用具,31,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Respirator Policy contd 佩戴口罩的规定续,Respirators must be worn in the following situations下列情况下必须戴口罩 Chemical spill clean-up化学品溅洒的清除 Transferring solvents or acids outside the fume hood在通风橱外搬运试剂或酸 Specific situations where employees are sensitive to low levels of chemical工作人员对低浓度的化学品敏感的特殊情况,32,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Respirator Policy contd 佩戴口罩的规定续,Full facepiece air purifying respirator must be used when以下情况必须佩戴面罩式空气净化口罩 Strong possibility a chemical may be splashed on the face化学品极有可能溅到面部 Ex: When cleaning up chemical spills如：溅洒的清除,33,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,34,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,35,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Respirator Policy contd 佩戴口罩的规定续,Half facepiece air purifying respirator must be used when以下情况必须佩戴半面罩式空气净化口罩 Engineering controls break down during chemical use.使用化学品时工程控制失败,36,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Respirator Policy contd 佩戴口罩的规定续,N95 particulate air purifying respirator N95型过滤颗粒物的空气净化口罩 At least 95% filtration efficiency against particulate aerosols free of oil至少能滤掉95%的无油大气颗粒物 Does not protect against gases, vapors, asbestos, paint spray, sandblasting or oil-based mists不能防护气体、蒸汽、石棉、涂料飞沫、喷砂或油基雾气,37,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Respirator Policy contd 佩戴口罩的规定续,N95 + nuisance OV air purifying respirators with exhalation valve N95 + 型过滤废有机蒸汽并配有呼气管的空气净化口罩 At least 95% filtration efficiency against solid and liquid aerosols free of oils至少能滤掉95%的无油液体和固体颗粒物 OV protects against nuisance odors / organic vapors (less than 8-hour exposure limit)阻挡废气/有机蒸汽（有效使用时间不超过8小时）,38,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Implementing a Respirator Policy执行戴口罩的规定,Perform job hazard analyses完成工作岗位危险性分析 Include the following information regarding respirators下列情况须戴口罩 Type of situation respirators are required分几种情况 See previous slides for examples见上图例 Types of respirators used in the lab实验室用口罩类型 See previous slides for examples见上图例 Types of breathing hazards可吸入有害物的类型 Methods of controlling breathing hazards available before using a respirator在戴口罩前对可吸入有害物进行控制,39,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Respirators Types of Breathing Hazards 可吸入有害物的类型,Particulate contaminants 颗粒污染物 -dusts, fibers, mists, fumes, biological contaminants尘、纤维、雾、烟及生物污染物 Gas and vapor contaminants气体和蒸汽污染物 Oxygen deficiency 缺氧 -air with low oxygen content空气中氧浓度低 Any combination of the above hazards上述有害物的组合,40,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Different hazards require different types of respirators 不同有害物须戴不同类型的口罩,41,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Respirators Four Methods to Control Breathing Hazards可吸入有害物的4种控制办法,1. Substitution替代: Replace the hazardous substance or process with a non-hazardous or less hazardous one使用无害或低害的物质代替有害物质,42,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Respirators Four Methods to Control Breathing Hazards contd可吸入有害物的4种控制办法续,Engineering controls工程控制: -Enclose the process preventing contaminants from getting into the workspace局部密闭防止污染物扩散到工作场所 -Improve ventilation改善通风 -Change the equipment or the process改进设备或流程,43,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Respirators Four Methods to Control Breathing Hazards contd可吸入有害物的4种控制办法续,3. Administrative controls管理控制: -Restrict access to contaminated areas限制进入污染区域 -Limit the total time workers are exposed缩短工作人员在有害区域的停留时间 -Establish housekeeping procedures to control exposures建立操作流程管理制度控制暴露程度,44,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Respirators Four Methods to Control Breathing Hazards contd 可吸入有害物的4种控制办法续,Personal protective equipment个人防护用品: -Respirators口罩,45,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Wherever practical, substitute engineering controls or administrative controls before relying on respirators 只要可行，在依赖口罩前，建立工程或管理方面的控制手段,46,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Respirators do not reduce or eliminate the hazard 口罩并不能减少或杜绝危害,47,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Implementing Respirator Policy - Respirator Selection 口罩的选择,Choosing the correct type of respirator is the responsibility of delegated personnel who have appropriate training 经过专业培训，应学会正确选用口罩 If the wrong type of respirator is chosen, the worker IS NOT PROTECTED 选错口罩，起不到防护作用 The procedure for respirator selection should be outlined in a standard operating procedure (SOP)选择口罩应写入标准操作程序中,48,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Implementing Respirator Policy - Fit Testing口罩试用,Fit testing procedures should be outlined in an SOP口罩试用要写入标准操作程序 Fit testing must be performed口罩试用: Prior to the first time a respirator is worn首次正式使用前 At least annually during use使用阶段每年至少试用一次 If a worker switches respirator brands or models如果使用者更换口罩品牌或型号,49,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Implementing Respirator Policy - Fit Testing contd 口罩试用续,If a worker若使用者 has a major weight loss严重失重 has a major weight gain严重超重 has been fitted with dentures更换假牙 has undergone facial surgery施过面部手术 has had broken facial bones面部骨骼受损,50,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,PPE: Implementing Respirator Policy Maintenance口罩维护,Respirator care and maintenance should be outlined in an SOP口罩的维护应写入标准操作程序中 Respirator care includes口罩维护包括: Regular cleaning定期清洗 Regular inspections to assess damage and to replace missing parts (see manufacturer instructions)检查损坏程度，更换丢失部件（见产品说明书） Storing in a safe place (ex. cabinet)存放在安全的地方（如柜子中） Storing positioned so the facepiece, hoses, and head straps are not bent or stretched out of shape口罩不得随意放置，以免面罩、软管、头部固定带弯曲或松弛,51,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Working Alone Policy 独自操作规定,52,OHS 2 JR Laboratories Inc.,Working Alone Policy 独自实验规定,Definition定义: An established plan for responding to an incident or accident occurring when an employee is working alone当工作人员独自工作时遇到