科普英语小学高年级组学习资料.doc

科普英语小学高年级组学习资料As Busy As a Bee 忙如蜜蜂1. I sent them flowers as an expression of thanks. 我给他们送去鲜花表示感谢。2. Jay Chou is known as a rap singer.周杰伦是作为一个rap歌手而出名。3. At first, the gums appear to be swollen, and may bleed when the teeth are brushed.起初，牙龈变得肿胀，刷牙时也许还会出血。4. The whole hive flew after the queen bee. 整个蜂群跟着蜂王飞舞。英国有句谚语：A hive cannot exist without a queen 这与中国的“蛇无头不行，鸟无翼不飏”是有共鸣之处都是说要有领头人。补充：worker bees工蜂（those bees are sterile in charge of collecting food and maintain the hive工蜂一般不能生育，负责采蜜和维护蜂巢的工作。我们日常生活中见到的蜜蜂一般都是工蜂。）5.ASAS结构非常重要的一个句型“像一样”比如as poor as as church mouse 穷的叮当响，一贫如洗 as strong as a horse 健壮如牛（外国人表达健壮时习惯用horse而不是ox），as stupid as a donkey 蠢笨如猪（外国人眼里，猪pig是比较聪明的动物，donkey确实蠢驴，常常成为蠢的代名词。这些都是跟中国文化不同的表达）我们这次课文里就设计2个表达法：as busy as a bee, as mad as a hornet繁忙如蜜蜂，疯狂如大黄蜂。感兴趣的同学可以自己在google上搜索类似表达，一定还有更多收获。6课文中有bee-like这样的表达，Hornets are bee-like insects that sometimes attack people.英语中这样造词法的现象很多，比如：childlike, dreamlike, warlike, Although he is thirty, he still remains childlike innocence. 尽管三十，他仍然童心未泯。childlike像孩子一般。Denmark is a beautiful and dreamlike place.丹麦是一个美丽如梦的地方。Chinese people is not a warlike people中华民族绝非好战之邦。7. Spend 时间/金钱+doing something 花费做某事。 Spend time with somebody 跟某人共度时光，花费时间陪某人 Spend money/time on something 在买上花功夫/费用以上这2个句型非常管用，也是常考的要点。以下给3个例句Apart from school work, I spend my spare time in singing and angling He put aside his work to spend more time with his son.spend the entire weekend having a good time together here8. attack攻击 .还有一个词也是大家学过的 heart attack心脏病She had her first heart attack the other day.不久前, 她第一次心脏病发作。The enemy attacked us by surprise.敌人突袭了我们。9.hornet大黄蜂10.if 从句。如果，If a person really wants something, he will work harder to get it. 如果一个人真的想获得某种东西，那他愿意付出更多的努力。当然if的意义绝不是仅是“如果”，其他常见的用法如下：(表示条件)如果He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他,他会来的。 (表示虚拟)假如,要是If I were you, I would never do that. 如果我是你,我决不做那件事。 (表示让步)即使Well go even if it rains. 即使下雨我们也要去。 是否I wonder if she is ill. 不知她是否病了。 (表示因果关系)每一次.的时候(总是会)If I feel any doubt, I inquire. 我一感到有疑问就随时询问。 11. She tried to stir up mischief among the other pupils.她试图在其他学生之间挑起纠纷stir up a hornets nest 捅马蜂窝引申义为“惹了大麻烦”。stir up the eggs with the milk把牛奶和鸡蛋搅匀stir up the coffee 搅拌咖啡The Presidents only son always stirs up trouble at the university. 大学校长的独生子经常在学校里闹事。12. have butterflies in ones stomach 意思是 非常紧张I always have butterflies in my stomach the few days before examination每次考试前的那几天，我都紧张的不得了。13. be nervous about something 对感到紧张Jim is nervous about the exam result because if he fails the exam his father would spank his bottom.考试结果公布之前吉姆很进展，因为如果他考砸了，爸爸会打他屁股。14. speak in front of a crowd 在人群前讲话、演讲He is nervous about speaking in front of a crowd. 他一在人前说话就紧张。A cry of anger sprang from the crowd从人群中发出了愤怒的叫声a large crowd 一大群人15. have ants in your pants 坐立不安，魂不守舍Why do you have ants in your pants today? you cant sit still for one second?你为什么今天坐立不安呢？你连坐一秒钟都不行You have ants in your pants this afternoon. Is something wrong?你今天下午魂不守舍，出什么事了吗16.restless and uneasy坐立不安，心神不宁17. Sit still! 坐着别动! （警告语补充：常识问题spider蜘蛛不是昆虫，想想原因是什么？补充读物：Spare that Spider 不要伤害蜘蛛How much of each year do spiders spend killing insects? Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour（吞吃） our crops and kill our flocks（牲畜）, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction （零头）of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six. How many spiders are engaged in this work? One authority on spiders made a census (统计调查)of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch.（足球场）Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with （不满足）only three meals a day. It has been estimated（估计）that the weight of all the insects destroyed （摧毁）by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.Questions:Do you think spiders should be a kind of insects? Why?Are spiders friends or foes of human being? Why?It is estimated that there are almost _ spiders on a grass land as large as a football pitch in south England.A. 2,250,000 B. 6,000,000 C. 8,250,000科普英语小学高年级组第二次授课讲义Water Worries1. watery eyes 泪眼（含水的;充满水的）2. climate change 气候变化简短阅读：Climates encompasses（包括） the statistics of temperature, humidity（湿度）, atmospheric pressure（气压）, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count（大气悬浮颗粒总量） and other meteorological（气象的） elements in a given region over long periods of time. The climate of a location is affected by its latitude（维度）, terrain（地形）, and altitude（海拔）, as well as nearby water bodies（水域） and their currents（气流）. Climate change may occur over long and short timescales from a variety of factors; recent warming is discussed in global warming.Question1: which factor below doesnt affect the climate? A: rainfall B: lakes C: the amount of wild animals D: mountains Question2: according to the text what is the hot topic of climate change in recent year? A: the melting of iceberg B: the raise of sea level C: global warming D” population growth3 to lead the planet toward a water crisis （toward此处也相当于于to）注：planet是行星、星球，这里特指地球。All roads lead to Rome 条条大路通罗马An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.一场普通的感冒很快便会引发高烧。3. smart的意义非常多，几乎能跟所有名词搭配表示“好的品质”通过以下例句来理解这个词语 a smart businessman.他是一个精明能干的生意人；（smart此处表示精明的）a smart blow upon his butt在屁股上很疼地打了一下（smart此处表示疼痛的） a smart racing car一辆非常棒的跑车（smart此处表示潇洒的，拉风的，帅气的。既可以修饰人也可以修饰物件）4. 1加仑gallon相等于3785毫升milliliter。1公升，1 liter思考题：自己计算一下一公升相当于多少加仑？How many gallons is one liter equal to?5. Available是一个重点词汇.（1）可用的，现成可使用的，合用的，便于利用的，在手边的；适用于的；可得到的，可获得的；可达到的；近便的；便利的，便于使用的 Ill send you all the periodicals available.我将把我能得到的期刊给你寄去。My bicycle is not available, and it is being repaired.我的自行车现在不能用, 因为正在修理。The season ticket is available for three months.季票有效期为三个月。When would the search function become available.何时搜索功能才能实现。（2）.可会见的, 可与之交谈的；可接见的；可取得联系的；有暇的，空闲的，有时间的；暂时无工作的 The doctor is not available now.医生现在没空。He was not always available to everyone.并不是人人总能找到他。6. Drinkable water可饮用水形容词，注意：单词词尾出现“-able“的后缀一般意思为“可的，能” 比如，knowable - 可知的 drinkable可以饮用的inflammable -易燃的（inflame 点燃） conceivable -想象得出的（conceive 设想，想象） desirable - 值得要的（desire 渴望） inviolable-不右侵犯的（in 不+viol 冒犯+able ;参考： violable 违反，冒犯 7. Have no access to这个短语也是常用，“有使用的机会/途径/资源/方法“比如说，my new apartment hasnt had access to the internet我的新公寓还没办法上网（或者说我的新公寓还没联网）The children living in the mountain area have no access to information about the global. 山区的孩子没办法获取全球性新闻。下面的一个句子有些难度，也是科普英语的范畴哦，自己看看能否理解：Two of the most exciting benefits（好处） to emerge from the continued evolution（进化） of the Internet are the instant access to immense（巨大的） amounts of information and the ease of collaboration（协作）. 互联网不断演变，出现了两个最令人激动的好处，一个是对大量信息的即时访问；另一个是协同工作更加容易。8. 英语中数字表达类（Numbers）英语中纯数字的表达方法小数和分数：0.17 zero point one seven / point seventeen / zero point seventeen1/2 one half1/3 one /a third3/4 three fourths72/ 5seven and two fifths大于100的数字：101 one hundred （and ） one200 two hundred998 nine hundred （ and ） ninetyeight在英语中上面括弧中的and一般不能省略；而在美国英语中却往往省去。请分析下面的对话：A：How many people are present in the party last night？B： Thats nine hundred and ninety-eight， exactly.A： Woo， you must be joking. How can you get such an accurate number？B： Ha， ha surely I am joking. You silly goose.大于1000的数字：1001 a/one thousand （and） one2232 two thousand two hundred （and） thirtytwo900，732，266，043读法：nine hundred billion seven hundred thirty two million two hundred sixty six thousand and forty three补充阅读Water shortage has become the top problem facing