非谓语动词专题讲义.doc

非谓语动词专题讲义一、非谓语动词1、不定式 说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish等。 I want to go home. I hope to see you. 2、动名词 表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。We enjoyed seeing the film. I am thinking of taking over the job. 3、现在分词 说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He stood there speaking. Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room. 4、过去分词 通常说明分词表示的动作表被动完成。Written in simple English, the book is easy to read. 二、非谓语动词用法对比 知识要点总结： 1、不定式与动名词做主语： （1）动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如： Collecting information about childrens health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。 Its necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。 （2）常用不定式做主语的句型有： Its difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do Its kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. Its time to do sthIt takes sb some time to do sth（3）常用动名词做主语的句型有： Its no good (use, fun) doing. Its (a) waste of time ones doing. Its worth while doing. 2、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：以下动词interest， surprise， frighten，excite，please，satisfy, amuse，disappoint，inspire，worry 等它们的现在分词常修饰物，表示主动进行，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动完成（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如： After hearing the exciting news, he got excited .a piece of surprising news 令人惊讶的消息a surprised man 一个感到惊讶的人a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家 3、不定式做宾补：不定式做宾补时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear,listen to）、三让（make, let, have）、五看（see, watch, notice,observe、look at）。例如： We noticed him enter the house. The boss made them work twelve hours a day. 4、用现在分词、不定式还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例： We heard him singing the song when we came in. We heard him sing the song in the classroom.We have heard the song sung twice. 5、不定式和动名词做宾语的区别（动作有没有发生）Stop remember forget try go on allow regret mean 等词后既可以加to do 也可加doingto do 表示为发生的动作 doing表示已完成的动作发生与未发生 remember forget regard 是否有新动作 stop go on 意思发生改变 try mean口诀：stop go on一二事 remember forget regard做与不做 allow 允许区别对待接to do 与doing 含义大相径庭的词的记忆口诀：我喜欢（like）尽力(try) 忘记(forget) 那些试图(mean) 令人遗憾(regret) 的东西，但可恨(hate) 禁不住(cant help) 停止(stop) 记忆 (remember)，总是不断(go on) 的想起。专项练习：刚才复习时，上节课的知识点有点同学记得，有点同学已经忘记了。很遗憾，老师刚讲的知识你们就还给老师了，但是没关系，我们允许犯错，我的意思是说，记得的同学继续努力，忘记的同学不要停止复习，老师建议你们尽全力去做，相信你们都会成功！三、课堂练习1.Dont forget_your history book tomorrow morning.A bring B to bring C bringing D brought2.Mr.Brown asked us to stop_,and we stopped_to him at once.A talking, to listen B to talk, to listenC talking, listening D to talk, listen3.shes upstairs _ a letter. A writes B is writing C write D writing 4. It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A to burn B burn C burning D burned 5.The missing boys were seen _near the river.A playing B to be playing C play D to play 6. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take7.-Please remember _turn off the lights when you leave the house. -Ok, I will.A turn off B to turn off C turning off8.-Dad, why sould I stop _computer games? -For your health, my boy. Im afraid you _to play, must B playing, have toC to play, can D playing, may9. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to c