摘要： 随着社会经济的发展和科学技术水平的提高，家庭电器全自动化成为必然的发展趋势。全自动洗衣机的产生极大的方便了人们的生活。洗衣机是国内家电业唯一不打价格战的行业，经过几年的平稳发展，国产洗衣机无论在质量上还是功能上都和世界领先水平同步。纵观洗衣机市场，高效节能、省水、省电、环保型洗衣机一直在市场上占主导地位。
该论文就怎样利用PLC来控制全自动洗衣机进行了调查，对其中软件设计、硬件设计等问题进行了分析和研究，实现了全自动洗衣机的正常运行和强制性停止功能。
关键词： PLC 全自动洗衣机 控制
Entire automatic washer control system design
Abstract: Along with the social economy development and the science and technology level enhancement, the family electric appliance entire automation becomes the inevitable development tendency. Entire automatic washer production enormous convenience people's life. The washer is the domestic electrical appliances industry does not only hit the profession which the price fights, passes through several year steady development, the domestically produced washer regardless of in quality or in function all with world leading horizontal synchronization. Looks over the washer market, the highly effective energy conservation, the province water, the province electricity, the environmental protection washer continuously occupy the dominant position in the market. How does this paper study controls the entire automatic washer using PLC, to question and so on software design, hardware design has carried on the analysis and the discussion, has realized the entire automatic washer normal operation and compulsory stops the function.
Key word: PLC entire automatic washer control
目 录
第一章概 述·······················································1
第二章课题任务分析················································2
2.1 整体功能介绍··············································· 2
2.2 设备控制要求················································2
第三章控制系统的设计··············································3
3.1 控制系统框图················································3
3.2 控制系统对应设备及实现功能··································3
3.3 控制系统原理················································4
第四章硬件电路设计················································5
4.1 系统的选型··················································5
4.2 CPU单元设计················································7
4.3 硬件接线图················································7
4.4 通讯方式···················································7
4.5 储存模块···················································7
4.6 电池模块···················································7
4.7 通讯模块··················································7
第五章 软件的设计
5.1I/O分配·················································11
5.2 流程图····················································12
5.3 源程序····················································14
5.4 程序运行过程分析··········································23
5.5 程序的下载 安装和调试·····································23
第六章 PLC和单片机控制的对比······································24
6.1 简述PLC和单片机·········································25
6.2 用PLC和单片机分别做系统的比较···························25
6.3 用PLC做系统洗衣机的特性·································27
第七章 结束语·····················································29
第八章 毕业设计总结···············································30
致谢······························································32
参考文献··························································33
第一章 概 述
根据全自动洗衣机的工作原理,利用可编程控制器PLC实现控制,说明了PLC控制的原理方法,特点及控制洗衣机的特色。全自动洗衣机控制系统利用了西门子S7-200系列PLC的特点,对按鈕,电磁阀,开关等其他一些输入/输出点进行控制,实现了洗衣机洗衣过程的自动化。由于每遍的洗涤,排水,脱水的时间由PLC内计数器控制,所以只要改变计数器参数就可以改变时间。可以把上面设定的程序时间定下来,作为固定程序使用,也可以根据衣物的质地,数量及油污的程度来编程。只要稍作改变,就可以设计出诸如要多洗多甩的牛仔类衣物,轻洗轻甩的羊毛类衣物以及通用的标准洗涤程序,充分表现现代家电品的实用性。
在洗衣机控制方面，在PLC问世之前，工业控制领域中是继电器占主导地位。但继电器控制领域有着十分明显的缺点：体积大、耗电多、可靠性、寿命短、运行速度慢、适应性差、尤其当生产工艺发生变化时，就必须重新设计、重新安装，造成时间和资金的严重浪费。为了改变这一现状，PLC控制系统产生了。继1969年美国数字设备公司研制出世界第一台PLC，并在通用汽车公司自动装配线上试用，获得了成功，从而开创了工业控制新时期，从此，可编程控制器这一新的控制技术迅速发展起来了。在许多领域都有广泛的应用。PLC的 优点是：可靠性高，耗电少，适应性强，运行速度快，寿命长等，为了进一步提高全自动洗衣机的功能和性能，避免传统控制的一些弊端，就提出了用PLC来控制全自动洗衣机这个课题。
第二章 课题任务分析
2.1整体功能介绍
洗衣机的工作流程由进水，洗衣，排水，和脱水四个过程组成。在半自动洗衣机中，这四个过程分别用相应的按扭开关来控制。全自动洗衣机中，，这四个过程可做到全自动依次运行，直至洗衣结束。
2.2设备控制要求
全自动洗衣机控制要求是能实现”正常运行“和”强制停止“两种控制要求。
⑴按下启动按扭，开始进水直到水满（即水位达到高水位）时停止进水开始洗涤正转
⑵洗涤时，正转30秒，停两秒，然后反转30秒，停2秒
⑶如此循环5次，总共320秒开始排水
⑷水位下降到低水位时开始脱水并继续排水，脱水30秒
⑸开始清洗，重复（1）到（4），清洗两遍
⑹清洗完成，报警3秒并自动停机
⑺若按下排水按扭可以实现手动排水
⑻若按下停车按扭，可实现手动停止进水，排水 脱水及报警
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