英语常用词汇与动词短语汇集.doc

英语常用词汇与短语汇集 【笔者按】英语中有许多词汇与动词短语由其固有的用法和习惯用法，记住这些用法，并能举一反三、融会贯通，对于我们英语的阅读、写作和翻译，有着较大的帮助。现将笔者年轻时学习英语的笔记中记录的一些词汇与动词短语及其含义与例句整理、汇编如下，供英语爱好者学习、参考。需要说明的是，词汇与动词短语的排列方式是随机的，不是按字母顺序排列。介绍中若有不当之处，敬请读者不吝赐教。Besides 除之外；尚有例句 There are three students in the class besides teacher.教室里除了老师外，还有三个学生。（实际上是四个人）one of 之一，of后跟复数名词 例句 China is one of the main producers of rice.most of 中的大部分 例句 Most of us went home during holidays.many of 中的许多 例句 Many of countries in Africa are developing country.continent 大陆；州，一词前必须用“on”，在州，要用“in” 例句 Which continent is China on? 中国在哪一州？China is in Asia. 中国在亚洲。China is on the continent of Asia. 中国在亚洲大陆。here 或there是副词，前不能加“介词”in, on例句 Its a pleasure to have an opportunity to study English here.有机会在这儿学习英语是件愉快的事。introduce 介绍 把你介绍给某人：introduce you to sb. 把某人介绍给你：introduce sb. for youbefore, ago 以前 从现在算起的以前，用ago（副词），动词往往用过去式。例句 I wrote a letter to my old friend three days ago.三天前我给我的老朋友写了封信。 从过去某一时期算起的以前，用before（副词），动词往往用完成时态。例句 At that time he said that he had agreed to this proposal tow days before.二天前他就说过，他同意这个建议。before除了作副词，还可以作介词，表示具体的时间点：before tow oclock. 二点钟以前，但二小时以前，必须tow hours age.worth 值得的只能做作表语，后面跟动名词例句 The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。arrange (for)筹备；安排 作不及物动词用：例句 Weve arranged for the car to come at nine.Theyre arranging for an excursion to Shanghai. 做及物动词用：例句 Well arrange everything.Weve arranged to see him tomorrow.something like =about 大约例句 It must be something like 7 oclock.大约7点钟。类似还有：something more than大约多于something less than大约少于nothing more than 不过是；正是；仅仅例句 You failure was due to nothing more than your own careless.你的失败无非是你的粗心大意。turninto兑换例句 Turn coins into paper money.硬币兑换纸币。all, both, everybody,和not 连用，不构成全部否定，只是部分否定。例句 All metals are not good conductors.翻译：错误所有的金属都不是良导体。正确并非所有的金属都是良导体。例句 All the answers are not right.（部分否定） = Not all the answers are right. All answers are right.（全部肯定） None of the answers are right.（全部否定）例句 Both of us didnt go there.（部分否定）Both of us went there.（全部肯定）Neither of us went there.（全部否定）例句 Everybody doesnt know it.（部分否定）Everybody know it.（全部肯定）No one knows it.（全部否定）be no 和be not 的区别，no 比 not更强调些例句 Revolution is not an easy matter.革命不是一件容易的事情。The reform is no easy matter.改革根本不是件容易的事。例句 I have not books.我没有书。I have no books.我根本没有书。graduate (from) 毕业于例句When did you graduate?何时毕业?例句Where did you graduate?那里毕业？I graduated from University of Wuhan.我毕业于武汉大学。come to 突然想起；达成；（经过某一过程发生某一情况，丝毫没有来、去的意义） 例句 how did you come to know it? 怎么突然想知道这件事?例句 Ive really come to love the countryside.我真的已经爱上乡下了。come under 常表示情况变化的过程，用于各种引伸意义例句 It comes under another question.这是属于另一个问题。例句 That question comes under discussion.这问题要讨论。hold握着；拿着例句 hold ones hand 握手拥有；占有例句 hold 10 acres 拥有10英亩（地）持有（看法）；认为例句 I still hold my former views.我仍坚持我原来的观点。例句 I hold they are wrong.我认为他们是错的。more than (less than) 多于；大于（少于；小于）例句 There are more than 2000 students in our institute.我们学院有2000多学生。例句 This work can done in less than tow hours.这项工作不要两个小时就能做完。nothing more than 无非是；正是；完全一样；不比少例句 Thats nothing more than a lie.这简直与谎言一模一样。so that 以便例句 We must get up as early as possible so that we can catch the first train.我们应尽量起得早，以便赶上第一趟列车。so that 太以至于例句 The bus was so full that I could not turn around.这公共汽车的乘客装得太满，以至于我转身都转不过来。asas 和一样例句 I want a box twice as large as this.我还想要一个和这个一样大的箱子。as(+副词或形容词)as possible 尽可能地例句 You must speak English as much as possible.你尽可能地多说英语。例句 We must get up as early as possible so that we can catch the first train.我们应尽量起得早，以便赶上第一趟列车。no doubt 无疑；当然；不容否认例句 You no doubt know what has happened.你毫无疑问知道发生了什么事情。couple 一对（可分可合） a couple of twins 一对双胞胎（可分）pair 一对（不可分）a pair of shoes 一双鞋子（不可分）until 迄今为止；直到 用在否定句里，表示动作刚刚开始： 例句 We didnt steep until midnight. 我们直到半夜才醒。 用在肯定句里，表示动作结束：例句 We steeped until midnight. 我们睡到半夜。pay up =pay off 全部付清例句 The monthly installments on the car were paid up.小车的月度分期付款已付清。比较 He paid his house rent in tine.他按时付房租。remain with =belong to 属于；归于；保留；仍是例句 Taiwan remain with China.台湾属于中国。例句 Of 7 brothers only 4 remain.7个兄弟仅留下4个。result in =produce, lead to例句 The accident resulted in the death of 197 people and the wounded of 11.这事故导致了197人死亡、11人受伤。be obligated to 有责任例句 The elder generation are obligated to help the young.老一代人有责任帮助年轻人。depend on(upon) 依靠；信任；取决于例句 Good health depends on good food, exercise and getting enough sleep.健康的身体取决于健康食品、锻炼以及足够的睡眠。例句 We depend on food to keep us alive.我们依靠食物维持生命。例句 I depend on you to do it.我信任你去做。例句 He is a man to be depended on.他是一个可以信赖的人。to some extent 在某种程度上例句 I agree with what you say to some extent.在某种程度上说我同意你所说的（实际上是部分同意）。试比较：to a great extent 在很多程度上to a certain extent 在一定程度上provided (that) = providing (that) 假如；如果例句 I dont mind lending you the money provided (that) you pay it with in a year.假如你一年内能还钱，我就不担心把钱借给你。例句 Provided you give a receipt, I will pay the bill.如果你给我收据，我就付账。unless = if not 如果不；除非例句 I wont write unless he writes first.我不想给他写信，除非他先写给我。例句 Dont leave the building unless ordered to do so.如果没有离开大楼的命令，请勿离开。slow down (slow up)放慢；降低例句 Slow down before you reach the crossroad.到十字路口跟前走慢的。例句 The road is ruddy, so Mr. Smith slow down.道路不太好，所以史密斯先生放慢了他的车速。by means of 用办法；通过办法例句 By means of monthly payments people can buy more things than in the past.用每月分期付款的方式，人们比过去能购买更多的商品了。例句 Thoughts are expressed by means of words.想法可以通过文字来表达。from standpoint of 从观点（来看）；从角度例句 From the standpoint of success, a good work ethic is no less important than an education.从成功的角度来说，良好的职业道德与教育同等重要。be aware of 认识到例句 Many people are now aware of the importance of learning a foreign language.现在许多人认识到学习一门外语的重要性。be aware that认识到（接从句）例句 Many people are now aware that learning a foreign language is very importance.现在许多人认识到学习一门外语是非常重要的。even though = even if 即使；纵然例句 Ill go even if it rains.即使下雨，我也要走。pay attention to 对注意；关心例句 He never pay any attention to his teacher in class, so his work is very poor.课堂上他从不认真听老师讲课，所以他的功课很差。例句 Pay attention to hygiene.讲究卫生。agreed to 同意（参加者对提议表示赞同，后面常常跟事物）例句 We agreed to their proposal.我们同意了他们的建议。agreed with 同意（二个或二人以上，他们意见一致，后常跟人）例句 In the main, I agree with Edward.我基本上同意爱德华的意见。agreed on 同意（对事物看法一致，而且双默认，商量后一致）例句 They agreed on leaving there the next day.他们一致同意第二天离开那里。to be sure 毫无疑问；的确（插入语） 例句 He is young, to be sure, but very experienced.他虽年轻, 但很有经验。to tell the truth 说实话， 例句 To tell the truth, your plan is impractical. 说实话，你的计划不切合实际。to begin with 首先；起初 例句 It was fine to begin with and then it started to rain.起初天气很好, 后来才开始下雨。to sum up 总而言之例句 To sum up, this is a fantastic hotel. 总而言之，这是一间极棒的饭店。deprive (sb.) of (sth.) 剥夺某人的例句 The traffic accident deprive him of his life.车祸夺去了他的生命。clear up 弄清楚；澄清例句 who will clear up the difficulty.谁会解此难题。例句 The sky is clearing up.天气正在转晴。die of 死于（后跟抽象） 例句 My grandmother died of grief soon after her husbands death.祖父去世不久, 祖母就因悲伤过度而死了。die from 死于（后跟具体病名）例句 The is chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.每4个烟民中就有一人可能因吸烟而死去。worry about 担心；担忧例句 You dont have to worry about little things.你并不担心那些小事。rob (sb.) of (sth.) 使失去例句 He robbed me of my purse.他使我失去了我的钱包。（抢走了）even 甚至（表示强调，放在什么词，就强调什么词）例句 It was cold yesterday, but it is even colder today.昨天天气很冷，但是今天更冷。例句 Even I have not heard of him for a year.连我一年没有听说他的消息了。（强调主语）例句 I have not even heard of him for a year. 一年了我没有听属于他的消息。（强调谓语）例句 I have not heard of him even for a year.我没有听到他的消息有一年了。（强调状语）even if = even though 即使例句 Even if I fail, I shall try again.即使失败，我仍然要再试试。only 只是；仅仅（表示强调，放在什么词，就强调什么词）例句 Only he lent me $5.只有他借给我五元钱。（强调主语）例句 He only lent me $5.他只是借给我五元钱。（强调谓语）例句 he lent only me $5.他只借给我五元钱。（强调宾语）例句 he lent me only $5.他只借五元钱给我。（强调宾语补足语）yet（相当于but at the same time 但是，同时）转折连词，然而例句 Even though its hard work, yet I enjoy it.即使是艰巨的工作，然而我还是参加了。例句 Though she seems happy, yet she is worried.尽管她看起来多么幸福，但是她感到忧虑。这里，yet虽然与but意义相近，但不能用but来代替，因为but不能与Even though, Even if ,Though 连用。make a change 改变一下make an answer 作出回答make a calculation 运算make a discovery 有所发现make ones fortune 发财make efforts to finish the plan 尽力完成这项计划make new contributions 作出新贡献tooto 太以至于不能例句 Youre too young to vote.你太小, 不能参加选举。as well as = in addition to 和一样；除了还是例句 He is a poet as well as a peasant.他是一个农民，而且还是一个诗人。例句 He called on you as well as me.他不但看了我，而且还看了你。例句 I can speak English as well as French.我不仅会讲法语，而且还会讲英语。fill with 装满例句 She filled my bottle with wine.她把我的瓶子装满了酒。例句 The thought fill her with pleasure.那种想法使她感到高兴。例句 Please fill the cap with milk.请将这杯子装满牛奶。例句 Her eyes fill with tears.她的眼睛充盈着泪水。dispose of 处置；解决；收拾例句 The boys were hungry and quickly dispose of their dinner.男孩俄了，很快就解决了他的饭菜。例句 He dont know how to dispose of the problem, so he is in trouble.他不知道如何解决这个问题，所以他很苦恼。hand in hand 伴随；连在一起例句 The girls went hand in hand singing loudly.女孩伴随着响亮的歌声走了。例句 Theory should go hand in hand practice.理论必须与实践走在一起。take up 从事；开始；着手进行例句 When he left school he took up journalism.当他毕业后就开始从事记者这一行。例句 At the age of seventy he took up the study of English.他70岁从开始学习英语。insist on (or upon) 坚持做（某事）例句 He insisted on seeing Pat home.他坚持要送Pat回家。例句 He insisted upon an answer.他一定要有一个答复。It is estimated 据估计（常用被动语态）例句 It is estimated that the work would be finished in three months.据估计这项工作三个月能完成。We estimated that it would take three months to finished this work.我们估计需要三个月完成这项工作。（前一种句型常用，前后句意相同。）engage in = take part in 从事；参加(往往用被动语态)例句 He is engaged in conversation.他参加了交谈。例句 They are engaged in business.他们从事于经济工作。live on = rely on, depend on 依赖于例句 I dont know he lives on.我不知道他靠什么生活。例句 John lost his job. He had to live on wifes savings.约翰失业了，他不得不依赖于妻子的储蓄生活。available 可以获得的；可致利用的例句 These tickets are available for one month.这些标签可以使用一个月。例句 None of the servants was available when I wanted to send a message.当我想要带一个口信时，没有一个仆人可用。distribute = send out , give out 分配例句 The teacher distributed the books to the class.老师将这些书分配到班里。例句 He left some money to be distributed among his children.他留下一些钱在他的孩子们之间进行分配。in relation to 关于；相对而言；比较起来例句 We must plan in relation to the future.我们必须计划未来。例句 She is very strict in relation to allowing her daughters to meet young man.她允许她的女儿会见年轻男子相对而言比较严厉。as = because 由于例句 She was well paid, as she had done the work well.由于她工作出色，她得到很好的报酬。例句 As you are tired, you had better rest.因为你累了，你得好好休息。responsible for 对负债例句 The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.公交司机对乘客的生命安全负债。例句 I am not responsible for it.我对它（这件事）不负债。prevail 流传；流行；席卷例句 A number of strange customs stills prevail in the place.这地方仍然流传一些奇怪的风俗。例句 Young people usually like to wear the prevailing style dress.年轻人通常喜欢穿流行服装。experience 经历；遭遇例句 Visiting New York City was the greatest interesting thing I ever experienced.访问纽约城是一件我从未经历的最有趣的事情。give rise to 引起；使发生；导致 例句 Such conduct might give rise to misunderstanding. 这种行为可能会引起误解。例句 A branch floating in the water gave rise to Columbus hopes that land was near.水面上飘浮的树枝引起哥伦布大陆就在附近的希望。 double 为原来的2倍，即是原来提高一倍例句 Smith is ill and his co-worker has to do double work.史密斯病了，他的工作伙伴不得不做双倍工作。例句 His income is double (than省)what it was five year age.他的收入比五年前增加了一倍。despite = in spite of 尽管；无论；任凭；不管例句 Despite their objections I will do it just the same.尽管他们反对，我仍将同样要去做。例句 Despite what she says, I do not believe.不管他怎样说，我都不相信。succeed in 成功；达到目的例句 If you try hard, you will succeed in passing the examination.如果你努力去尝试，你一定会通过考试。例句 It is impossible to succeed in doing something.做这些事是不可能成功的。by ones own efforts 依靠某人自己的力量（努力）例句 He built a boat by his own efforts.他依靠自己的力量建造了这艘船。例句 By his own efforts he has published three articles.他依靠自己的努力发表了三篇作品。agree with 同意例句 In a way I agree with john.在这点上，我同意约翰（的观点）。例句 They might not agree with his opinion.他们可能不同意他的意见。be subject to 依照；顺从例句 The state is subject to foreign rule.这规则是按照国外惯例。result from 由引起；由.产生例句 His illness result from bad food.他的病是由变质的食物引起的。例句 There is no doubt that your success has result from your hard work.勿容置疑你的成功是你努力的结果。in part 部分地；在某种程度上 = to same extent, partly例句 Tom was only in part responsible.汤姆仅仅负有部分责任。例句 We planted the garden in part with flowers.我们在花园里种植部分的花。in general 一般地；大体上；= in most cases (在大多数情况下)例句 Women in general are terrible shoppers. They spend a lot of time and they only buy a few things.女人们通常是令人讨厌的顾客，她们花很多的时间却只买少量的东西。例句 Boys in general like active sports more than girls do.男孩一般来说比女孩更喜欢体育运动。be endowed with 赋予；有 例句 When you leave this building, you willbeendowedwithall my powers. 当你离开这座大楼的时候，你会拥有我所有的神力。be suited to(for) 适宜于例句 He is suited to do the work.（to跟不定式）He is suited to doing the work.（也可跟动名词）He is suited to the work.（也可直接跟名词）He is suited for doing the work.（for跟动名词）He is suited for the work.（也可直接跟名词）eitheror无论还是；例句 John cant either read or write.约翰既不会读又不会写。例句 Either you or I am wrong.无论是你还是我都错了。worth 值得（作介词用，后须跟名词“ing”形式）例句 The food is not worth eating.这食品不能吃。例句 Is it worth buying?这（东西）值得买下吗？例句 Is todays film worth seeing?今天的电影值得看吗?apart from 除在外；撇开 例句 Apart from some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.除了一些拼写错误, 这篇文章写得很不错。例句 Apart from that, all goes well.撇开那一点, 一切顺利。keep pace with 和同步发展；跟齐步前进例句 The earning of the people kept pace with economic growth.人民的收入随着经济的发展同步增长。例句 He cant keep pace with all the changes in tax law.他不能和税法中的所有变化保持一致。combine with 联合；结合；同时拥有例句 We must combine theory with practice.我们必须理论结合实际。例句 Some movies combine education with recreation.有些电影既有教育意义，又有娱乐性。hitch