马骏托福听力课堂讲义.doc

葿蚃螂羂薁蒅肀肂芀蚁羆肁莃蒄袂肀蒅虿螈聿芅蒂螄肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肆芁蕿螁膅莄螄蚇膄蒆薇羆膃膆螂羂膂莈薅袇膁蒀袁螃膀薃蚃肂膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄芈蒇蒅螀芇膆蚀蚆芆艿蒃肅芅蒁蚈羁芄薃薁袇芄芃螇螃芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀芀螃蝿羇莂薆蚅羆薄螁肄羅芄蚄羀羄莆袀袆羃葿蚃螂羂薁蒅肀肂芀蚁羆肁莃蒄袂肀蒅虿螈聿芅蒂螄肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肆芁蕿螁膅莄螄蚇膄蒆薇羆膃膆螂羂膂莈薅袇膁蒀袁螃膀薃蚃肂膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄芈蒇蒅螀芇膆蚀蚆芆艿蒃肅芅蒁蚈羁芄薃薁袇芄芃螇螃芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀芀螃蝿羇莂薆蚅羆薄螁肄羅芄蚄羀羄莆袀袆羃葿蚃螂羂薁蒅肀肂芀蚁羆肁莃蒄袂肀蒅虿螈聿芅蒂螄肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅肆芁蕿螁膅莄螄蚇膄蒆薇羆膃膆螂羂膂莈薅袇膁蒀袁螃膀薃蚃肂膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄芈蒇蒅螀芇膆蚀蚆芆艿蒃肅芅蒁蚈羁芄薃薁袇芄芃螇螃芃莅蕿肁节蒈螅羇莁薀薈袃莀芀螃蝿羇莂薆蚅羆薄螁肄羅芄蚄羀羄莆袀袆羃葿蚃螂羂薁蒅肀肂芀蚁羆肁莃蒄袂肀蒅虿螈聿芅蒂螄肈莇螇肃肇葿薀罿肆薂螆袅 马骏托福听力课堂讲义第三回 文学篇安慰鼓励，坚持第一 影响学习，马上放弃 赞美夸奖，毫不谦虚 逢人便夸，从不打击 讲话直接，态度清晰 寻求帮助，乐于建议 品位高雅，音乐位居 生活窘迫，钱是难题 积极向上，善良正义 间接回答，不伤友谊 形象思维，理解习语 把握语调，听出语气 注释： 是土壤部分，一种美国人的文化，在听力中多见。如，比赛一输要放弃了，第二人劝；课程太难坚持不住要quit了，第二人劝；小说人物复杂不想读了，第二人劝；减肥坚持不住，第二人劝等等。 弘扬bright sides，听力中的美国学生永远是学习，有任何事情与之冲突都要放弃其它而学习；这么多年考试中，偶有一次例外，当然发生在男生身上，一女生邀他玩，他来了一句：“The book can wait”丢人的话来。除此之外，别无例外。比如：在第一人话中出现娱乐项目，而第二人话中出现学习类项目，可想而知下文是什么了。又是一个美国文化，区别与我们的文化对待。Thinking in American way见人有衣无衣都great；有头发无头发都great；体形好不好都great，所以理解后用于生活中，有美国人说：“Your English is good.”千万别自喜，因为他们的文化就是这个。first thing first,用于抓态度，绕难点解题。应用于我们的写作中，先给point再develop。 学生生活中，困难是常有的，而互相帮助又是听力中传播的温情，别管事实怎样，解题用它。但车和钱很少外借，他可以载你去，但不会借你车。 听力中的建议一定是考点，把所有的建议句式（干）背过，听觉上，一听见有建议，必抓之解题。而建议他人的四类是：时间、地点、人物、动作，在建议题型中会总结。 强调学生的high taste：吃饭去意/法餐馆；用香水；用天然的化装品；听音乐会；拒绝电视、电影。 提到音乐会一定去看；音乐会票一定难买；音乐会一定人山人海（过道都是人）；音乐会的赞美无与伦比（out of this world）。是解听力题一个永久的暗线。没钱等sale;买到sale极高兴；家具用二手；打工来挣钱；物价一涨就抱怨；租房屋子简布置；一定是小破房等等。出题基调，展示留学生生活的美好。一种常考的思维，常见的美国人讲话方式。 一种思维方式，值得我们在用词方面学习。比如，我们说贵very very expensive,土人们形象化cost a fortune来表达。 在理解记忆习语及临场解决习语时运用。 听力的至高境界，从一词一词听一词组一词组听一句话一句话听一意群一意群听一调子一调子听。闭上眼，只有调子在脑中乱飞去解题。以调子、重读、语气小词来把握。详见语气题型。第四回 概念篇（一）喜欢- 6 -be a big fun of sth. be much of sth.care for sth. be in a mood for sth.be raving about be wild/crazy/mad aboutthink much/highly of sth. cant get enough of sth.couldnt put it down(二) 厌倦、厌烦be bored with be fed up with be sick of be tired of have had enough (of) sth. have had it with sth. Its more than I can bear. Its too much for me.I can no longer put up with. (三) 忙忙的时段：考试前、学期初、刚工作get conflict in ones scheduleup to ones neck/eyes/ears in workin the middle of doing sth. be overwhelmed/swamped with sth. be all tied upbe all /completely booked can not fit it inhave/get ones hands full have another appointment/commitmentas busy as a bee hecticcouldnt get around to doing sth.couldnt spare/squeeze time to do sth.Have you checked your schedule/academic calendar?have a heavy/tight schedule/work load/course load (四) 忘 forgetful absent-minded absent-minded professor slip ones memory slip ones mind have a short/poor/bad memory ones memory like sieve go in one ear and out the other be not good with sth. be terrible with sth. scatter brain (五) 完成 be done with sth. be through with sth. be finished with sth. to complete sth. to finish doing sth. be over with sth. be over and done with end up in the end wrap up wind up (六) 累 原因：学习、运动、打工 表达：Im exhausted. Im tired-out/over tired.Im dog tired. Im beat/dead beat.Im burned out. run out of steam/energybe out of energy/shape Im worn out. be tired out knock oneself out on sth.eyes are starting to blur hardly stay awakehardly concentrate Im bushed. (七) 学生学习用功around the clock on end = in a rowday and night = night and day 36/48 hours a day day in and day out put a lot of hours/time/days intoburn the midnight oil stay up/be up all nightcant tear oneself away from couldnt put downglue ones eyes to 选项特征：work hard for a long time for quite a while 真题：97年1月15题 A：Is Louis going to join us for a shout break? B：Yes, if she can tear herself away from her studies. （选）She seldom stop studying.95年8月25题 A：Did Linda ever finish that introductory chapter? B：Im not sure. Shes spent hours on end rewriting it. (选) She worked on the chapter for a quite while.99年10月8题 A：Poring over your books. B：I thought this was home. (八) 弄不懂，搞不清楚 Im confused./Its confusing. Beyond sb./above sb. beyond ones understanding over ones head couldnt make heads or trails of it Search me! I have no clue/idea. Im in the dark. Your guess is as good as mine. get lost Im as in the dark as you are. is a mystery to me. cant follow is more than I can figure out. Lost track of the I wonder cant make my sense out of it It doesnt make my sense to me. (九) 坚持，别放弃 Dont give up! Dont give in! hold on hold to it stick to it stick with it stick it out never drop it It always seems hard when youve just starting out. get going keeping going (十) 安慰 If I were you, Ive had done the same thing. If I were in your shoes/position, Ive had done the same thing. sth. just cant be helped. It could happen to anyone. It happens all the time. step out of sth. snap out of sth. get over sth. quickly forget about it. (十一) 心情好坏 “好”的原因：作业完成了；论文有眉目了；考试考好了；买到便宜货了；天气变好了 “好”的表达：glad/pleased/cheerful/cheer up/delighted/overjoyed be in a good mood be in a high spirit high-spirited on cloud nine in the seventh heaven walk on air “坏”的原因：作业太多；课程太难；工作没找到；考试没考好 “坏”的表达：in low spirit low-spiritedfeel down down castdown hearted down and bluedown in the dumps/mouth have blue in ones eyesunder the cloud upset depressed frustrated worry not oneselfbe in a bad/terrible mood out of spirits/sorts (十二) 代替 fill ones position/vacancy/shoes fill in for sb. Take the place of sb. take over substitute =replace第五回 场景篇一、衣着场景 思 路 诗：买衣价格选公道，穿对场合少烦恼。加衣换衣随天气，洗衣程序要记牢。买衣五话题：1、price: on sale/big sale/discount/clearance sale/good buy(bargain)/great buy2、 style: formal/causal/suit,pantsuit/dress 搭 配: go well with/be perfect with/match (suit/fit)3、color: blue/navy blue/dark blue/light blue/solid blue/purplish 4、 size: small medium large 松 紧： tight loose baggy 调 换：change for a large one get next size up5、material:(热爱天然)wool , cotton , silk,synthetic fabric, nylon , linen 穿对场合：1、 formal: reception/interview/presentation/wedding/graduation ceremony 2、 causal: party/barbecue/picnic 3、 中 性: jacket 随天气加减：1、 太 冷：（加衣服）取 出 take / get out2、 太 热：（收衣服）pack (up) put/take away 收哪些 down jacket/overcoat/scarf/mittens/gloves/boots洗衣程序：1、 洗 衣：do the washing 2、 衣服脏了： stain / ink stain 3、 洗 衣 粉： laundry detergent 4、 洗 衣 机： washer , washing machine5、 地 点：launderette 6、 设 备：main cleaning facility 7、 动 作：drop the coin in the slot 8、 意 外： over the normal load 坏了坏了 out of order, doesnt work, break down, broken, give out 缩水 shrink 掉色 fade / lose color / faint 皱了 crumple iron 染了 breach 二、宿舍场景思 路 诗：地点价钱很重要，简单布置问题扰。同屋相处多理解，宿舍永远小脏吵。地点价钱：1、 on / off campus2、close to the campus ; near the university 否则 too far away / out of the way 需要 commute not reliable3、 环境 quiet4、 价钱（生活窘迫，钱是难题）便宜 reasonable 否则 couldnt afford5、 费用(rent and utilities)electric fee/ water fee/ heating fee 上涨 go up (备注)： first year students usually live in dorm. After that they can move off. There are plenty of apartments freeing up after graduation.简单布置问题扰：1、 布置：furnish the apartment, paint room, have it painted , vacuum the rug / carpet , polish the furniture, 挂一挂 framed posters 2、 问题：The window is stuck. The shutters are loose. The faucet / pipe is leaking. The lock doesnt open. There is some thing wrong with the wiring. 停电： black out / power failure 人物：technician / electrician / plumber / maintenance 相 处：1、 室友首要条件： neat / considerate 2、 相 处 和 睦： get on / along well with / be on good term 3、 相 处 不 好： hold grudge / have hard feeling with sb. / picky / find fault in others （备注）：噪音，聚会多为影响方式，另外东西乱放：put it all around / over 小、脏、吵：1、 小： too tiny / cramped / I couldnt turn around / no space 2、 脏： too messy / mess up / dump / chaos 3、 吵： noisy / play music loudly / throw wild party 三、 选课场景思 路 诗：先初再高等同意，热门提前抓时机。太多太难基础课，选修必修记仔细。1、 选： register / sign up forenroll / enlist in ；take 地点： registration office 人物：registrar course catalog course sheet 2、 初级课：intro course / basic course / prerequisite course 中级课：intermediate course高级课：advanced course / upper level course 其它课：seminar / workshop / field / theater trip 3、 教授同意三形式：permission approval signature 师生对话三顾虑：workload is too much / bear too much / hard / too demanding whether everything is on the right track.4、 提 前： in advance / before hard / ahead of time 同时选：simultaneously退 课： drop / quit / get out of it 5、 选修课：optional course / elective course / selective course / electives / selectives必修课： required course / compulsory course (备注)：听力中学生由于课程选的太难，话题会延伸到“排解” tutoring service / hiring a tutor stress management course 四、 生病场景 思 路 诗：头痛脑热，发烧感冒，预约在先，繁忙取消。体育运动，家具搬动，有病勿延，按时服药。小 病： cold, flu, chills, ache 约：1、 预 约：make / get / set up / have an appointment2、 推 迟： put off / postpone 3、 取 消： cancel / get / have a cancellation 4、 重 约： reschedule / rearrange 外 伤：1、 检 查： have it looked at / into / up / checked out 2、 部 位： head, shoulder, back, arm elbow, wrist , waist, leg, knee, ankle, foot, toe3、 形 式： twist, break, strain, sprain, swelling, hurt, injure4、 解决方式： see a doctor, take a rest, be on crutches 5、 避 免： dont put weight on your feet; stay off your foot 勿 延：dont put it off, its pretty foolish not to see a doctor 服药：1、 服：take: take two of these pills three times a day 2、 药效： 优点： Do any good, help, work, useful, make a difference 缺点： make me drowsy / headache (cut back) (备注)： 基于小病，故动用hospital 情况很少，一般 infirmary, clinic 住院 check in , be admitted in 出院 check out ,release from 五、 打工场景思 路 诗：工种选择多方向，报纸熟人广培养。简历面试要注意，时间工资工作量。工 种：校 内： TA/RA/LA library: cataloging department 校 外：restaurant waiter / waitress / cook / chef / do the dishes store stock shelf / hand-painter 家 政： baby-sitter / house-sitter / house-painter 途 径：1、 查 报纸 找工作 job-hunting 登 广告 找室友 roommate 2、朋 友 recommend 关系网 networking 3、手 法 job / search technique 4、等待 opening / position / vacancy / job offer / job creation 简历面试：1、 resume 要 clean 是否有 typos / typing errors / typographic 如有修改 fix errors / revise / check / check out / correct 投 drop off 2、 面试，着装得体 填表 fill out the form 合格 be qualified for the job, meet their requirement 时间、工资、工作量：1、 时 间：冲突 work schedule conflict with class schedule 合适 the hours are convenient 早/晚班 morning shift / night shift 2、 工 资：The pay is handsome / decent 3、 工作量： workload (备注)：一般学生找的工作为 part-time, job on the side 偶尔会谈到解雇问题 laid off, let sb. go, get ones marching orders 六、 教授场景思 路 诗：太多太难分太低，课好课坏口不一。偶有教授要休退，淡淡离愁见惋惜。教授特点：1、 多： prof thinks we dont have any other class 2、 难： demanding / though / hard 3、 低： expecting just a passing grade, higher grade 4、 拖堂： run overtime, run late, let sb. go late 5、 准时： punctual, prompt, you can set your watch by the on start of his class, on the dot, nose 教授评价： “十”： 1、通用： be packed / crowded/ impressed/ well attended/ out of this world 2、专用： fascinating, provoking, thought provoking, provide food for thought “一”：（tedious/boring）1、 出现钟表类物品： keep watching the clock / keep looking at watch 2、 出现时间： keep counting the time 3、 coffee: before his lecture, I need two cups of coffee. 4、 注意力相关词： drop / doze off stay / keep alert / away5、 理解相关词： catch, follow, figure out, make any sense of it, make heads or tails of it 习语： be all Greek to sb. ; be at sea ; be in the dark 1、 wont find anyone to fill her shoes 2、 Its a pity / rare breed 3、 lead a few course七、 天气场景思 路 诗：温度湿度降水量，二谈天气四影响：衣着随时换，机场偶改点，学校受牵连，活动没法办。单纯谈天气：1、 温 度 temperature 湿度 humidity 降水 precipitation2、 天气预报： forecast is for /forecast calls for / forecast says 3、 各种天气：晴 天 mild, sunny, let up, clear up 阴 天 cloudy, overcast 雨 rainy, pour, downpour 雪 snowy, heavy snow, sleet风 breeze, breezy, windy 冷 cold, ice cold, freezing, chilly 热 scorching, sticky, muggy, stuffy 四影响：1、 衣着：冷了 get / take out热了 pack up, put away 2、 机场：航班 flight was delayed / canceled. 机场 airport was closed / reopen. 3、 学校： close session: if there is one (语气)4、 活动：天气好 利用 make the most/best/fullest use / of 天气差 影响 outdoor activities (beach/ outdoor concert/slorts/picnic)八、 论文场景思 路 诗：题目太大难拟定，资料难查路不明，多找教授勤修改，小小眉目换心情。题目难定：1、 句式 I have trouble / difficulty / a hard time / deciding on a topic 2、 太大 too broad 缩小 narrow down the topic 资料难查： 1、 查_check、look up2、 too much material to cover 教授同意：1、 同意： give the green light 2、 修改：revise、proofread_眉 目：1、 有进展 get somewhere; when someone is on to sth. 2、 想出了 hit upon sth; come up with sth. （备注）： 换心情，参见心情好坏概念九、 交作业思 路 诗：作业马上要交递，迫在眉睫等延期。1、 作 业：assignment, studies, course work, school work 论 文： essay thesis dissertation 报 告： lab report / book report 2、上 交： turn / hand in 到 期： be due 3、学生作业拖拉： drag ones feet; get backed up / put off 4、延 期：ask for extension ask prof.to extend the deadline 理 由：A: sick B: computer is down; wipe out computer files 5、常见句式： put the finishing touches on the paper There goes my social life 十、照相场景思 路 诗：拍照片，多角度，焦距、胶卷少错误。洗照片，装相簿，就怕曝光相模糊。拍 照： take a picture of sb. (with as background) take a group picture别动 sit still 笑 smile / cheese 对 焦： in focus / out of focus 胶 卷： 室内 film for indoor shots 室外 film for outdoor pictures 一卷 a roll of film 用光 ran out of film 冲 洗：v develop 放大 enlarge 句式 drop off the film for developing / at photo studio 相 册： photo album 曝 光：不足 under exposed 过度 over exposed 模 糊：n blur adj blurry dark 句式 the picture didnt come out well 十一、电话场景思 路 诗：电话簿，分多种，盲音占线打不通。挂不挂，看费用，带着硬币找公共。1、 电话簿表达： phone book , telephone book, directory, yellow page 2、 杂 音： static 线路差：the connection is bad 占线: the line is busy; keep getting the busy signal /the line is engaged. 3、 挂与不挂: hang up / hold on / hang on / hold the line 各种电话：local phone/ long distance phone/ collect call 4、 打 通： get through / reach 回 电：return the call 5、 电 话 亭： booth / kiosk 公共电话： pay phone 动 作： drop coin in the slot 十二、送礼物场景思 路 诗：送礼不选贵，包装讲精美，开包显惊讶，是否对其味。1、 场合 birthday party, dinner party 物品 flower , dessert, tie, scarf, sweater 2、 包装 have the gift wrapped; with silver, gold , brown paper, match bow. 3、 挑剔 picky; be particular about; have a high taste; well-dressed .十三、养花草场景思 路 诗：花草长势有异样，阳光水分和摆放，窗前屋角挪一挪，道是光线或阴凉。1、 花草 plant, flower 问题 brown / do well 2、 光/水 sunlight, water, more away from the window; near the window; in front of the window; move over the window; get plenty of light; water it frequently. 3、 挪动 4、 解决 十四、减肥场景思 路 诗：减肥常常考，节食不可少，锻炼最重要，坚持出成效。1、 胖 big , huge , heavy, overweight, obese / obesity 2、 发福节食 put on some weight, gai