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小升初英语知识点汇总 一 名词名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。1、专有名词:个人,地方,机构等专有名称,如:China, Shanghai, Li lei等。专有名词的首字母通常要大写。具体说来,它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。如:Jim 吉姆China 中国July 七 Friday 星期五 Christmas 圣诞节 English 英语2、普通名词:指表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词。 1)个体名词:某类人或东西中的个体,如 fighter, gun, country,cup, desk, student等。一般可数,有单复数形式。2)集体名词:若干个体组成的集合体,如 family, team, police, class等。一般可数,有单复数形式3)物质名词:无法分为个体的实物,如 cotton,tea, air等。一般不可数,没有单复数之分。4)抽象名词:动作, 状态, 品质, 感情等抽象概念. 如 health, happiness,love, work, life等。一般不可数,没有单复数之分。名词变复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不规则的可数名词的变化规则: 1) 改变单数名词中的元音字母或其他形式。如:man men, woman women, tooth teeth, foot feet, mouse mice, child children等。 2)单复数形式相同。如:sheep, deer, fish等,以及由汉语音译表示度量、币制等单位的名词。如:yuan.另外以-ese或-ss结尾的表示民族的名词也一样同形。如:Chinese, Japanese, Swiss等。以-an结尾或其他形式结尾的表示民族、国家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加-s.如:Americans, Asians, Russians, Australians, Italians, Germans等。 注意:Englishman Englishmen, Frenchman Frenchmen. 3)单复数相同: sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works. 说明 A. fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes: There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. B. 以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化. man servantmen servants. (boy/girl students) woman doctorwomen doctors.名词的所有格: 1)构成: A. 一般词尾+ s.:the teachers office, Xiao Lis sisters husbands mother. B. 以 s 结尾的复数名词只+“ ”: workers rest room. C. 不以s结尾的复数名词加s: childrens toys. D. 复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 s: my sister-in-laws brother. E. 表示共同所有的几个名词,只在最后一个词的后面加s: This is Tom, James and Dicks room. F. 表示各个所有关系的几个名词,在每个名词后分别加s: Jennys, Jeans and Marys rooms face to the south. G. 名词短语只在最后一个词后加 s: a quarter of an hours talk. 2)用法: A. 名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词,表示所属关系: Lei Fengs dairy. B. 用于表示时间的名词: todays paper. an hours drive. Fridays work. C. 用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词: the countrys plan. the farms fruit. Chinas population. D. 用于表示由人组成的集体名词: our partys stand E. 用于表示度量、价值的名词: two dollars worth of books. a pounds weight.二 动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。(1)行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下:有,就加ing读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思看有无be动词(若是be going to 就用原形)没有,再看情态动词有,就用原形有,就加ed没有,再看有无表示过去的时间状语是第三人称单数就加s或es没有,再看主语不是第三人称单数就用原形(2)be动词a、Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.c、一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中,was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。判断步骤:第一、三人称单数,就用was有,再看人称第二人称单数和所有复数,就用were看有无表示过去的时间状语第一人称单数,就用am没有,再看人称第三人称单数,就有is第二人称单数和所有复数,就用are(3)情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)动词有各种不同的形态,除了原形以外,在一般现在时陈述句中,如果主语是第三人称单数,动词要用单三人称形式,变化规则如下1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies在现在进行时中要用到动词的现在分词形式动词加ing的变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping在一般过去时中要用到动词的过去式动词过去式过去分词变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat下面我们把各种常用时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。1、一般现在时(1)构成:通常以动词原形表示。主语为第三人称单数时,用现单三形式。动词be和have(表示“拥有”)各人称的单数形式为:第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数HaveHaveHaveHasBeAmAreis一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:动词be 与 have(表示“拥有”):否定式直接把not放在动词之后,疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前,见下表:否定式疑问式BeHaveBeHaveI am not (Im not)I have not (havent)Am i?Have i?You are not (arent)You have not (havent)Are you?Have you?He is not (isnt)He has not (hasnt)Is he ?Has he ?动词be 的否定疑问式和简单回答:否定疑问式肯定回答否定回答Am I not (arent i)?Yes, you are.No, you arentAre you not (arent you)?Yes, I am.No, Im not.Is he not (isnt he)?Yes, he is.No, he isnt动词be 与 have(表示“拥有”):否定式直接把not放在动词之后,疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前,见下表:否定式疑问式BeHaveBeHaveI am not (Im not)I have not (havent)Am i?Have I ?You are not (arent)You have not (havent)Are you ?Have you?He is not (isnt)He has not (hasnt)Is he ?Has he ?动词have(表示“拥有”) 的否定疑问式和简单回答:否定疑问式肯定回答否定回答Have I not (havent i)?Yes, you have.No, you havent.Have you not (havent you)?Yes, I have.No, I havent.Has he not (hasnt he)?Yes, he has.No, he hasnt.注意:have 作为行为动词则只能按照行为动词的规则变化。行为动词(以study为例)一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答(注意要加助动词do/does)否定式疑问式I do not (dont) studyDo I studyYou do not (dont) studyDo you studyHe does not (doesnt) studyDoes he study否定疑问句式简单回答(肯定/否定)Do I not (Dont I) study?Yes, I do. No, I dont.Do you not (Dont you) study?Yes, you do. No, you dont.Does he not (Doesnt he) study?Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.(2)用法:1)一般现在时表示现状、性质、状态和经常的或习惯性的动作。He has an uncle.他有个叔叔。Autumn follows summer.夏天之后是秋天。It is fine today.今天天气好。You look pale.你脸色苍白。He is good at music.他擅长音乐。He knows a lot of English.他英语懂的很多。这些动词可与often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Sundays, never 等表示经常性或习惯性的时间状语连用。例如:Do you often go to the cinema? 你经常去看电影吗?He always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。Tom does not study as hard as Jane. 汤姆在学习方面不如简努力。My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.我父亲从来不坐公共汽车,他走着去上班。2)一般现在时表示客观现实或普遍真理。Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东边。The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。A horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。Water boils at 100. 水在摄氏一百度时沸腾。October 1st is our National Day. 十月一日是我们的国庆节。When Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?(英国浪漫主义诗人雪莱的名句。)Beauty is truth, truth beauty. 美即真理,真理即美。(英国浪漫主义诗人济慈的名句。)3)少数动词如go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, be 等的一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或安排预计要发生的事情。The plane takes off at six past five. 飞机将于六点零五分起飞。Tomorrow is Sunday. 明天是星期天。Our summer vacation begins in early July. 我们的暑假七月初开始。4)在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ill let you know as soon as I hear from him.我一接到他的信就告诉你。Hell go if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好,他就去。I shall be away when he arrives. 等他到了我就不在了。We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives. 等他来了,我们再开始讨论。5)在某些以here, there 开头的句子中用一般现在时表示现在发生的动作。Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Here they come. 他们来了。6)在进行体育比赛过程中解说员叙述迅速、短暂动作时,可用一般现在时表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作。例如:Bater passes the ball to Yao Ming. Yao shoots?A fine shot! 巴特尔把球传给姚明,姚明投篮,好球!7)在戏剧、电影等的剧本或图片的说明文字中,可用一般现在时表示动作。例如:When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly. 幕启,朱丽叶坐在桌旁。电话铃响,她拿起听筒,静静地听着。2、现在进行时(1)构成:由助动词be 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化,有三种形式:第一人称单数用am, 第三人称单数用is, 其他用are。现在进行时的否定式是:直接在助动词be后面加上not;疑问式是:把助动词be提到主语之前。以study 为例:否定式疑问式I am not studyingAm I studying?You are not studying,Are you studying?He is not studying.Is he studying?(2)用法:1)现在进行时表示说话时正在发生或进行着的动作。例如:I am writing a letter. 我正在写信。They are learning English. 他们正在学习英语。Is it raining now? 现在下雨吗?有时表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作。例如:More and more people are paying attention to their health.越来越多的人在关注健康。He is translating a novel. 他在翻译一本小说。2)有些动词,如come, go, leave, return, arrive, begin, start等,它们的现在进行时可表示不远的将来要发生的事情。例如:Flight 1095 is landing soon. 第1095号航班马上要着陆了。I know the end is coming. 我知道马上就要结束了。Mary is coming back from her visit to Shanghai. 玛丽很快就要从上海访问回来了。3)现在进行时常与always, continually, constantly 等副词连用,表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作。这种用法常表示说话人的某种感情,如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。例如:He is always asking questions. 他老爱提问题。You are always saying that sort of thing. 你老爱说那样的话。She is always complaining. 她总是喜欢抱怨。4)在一定的上下文中,后一句的动词谓语用现在进行时与前一句的一般现在时相配合,可用以体现原因、结果、目的等意味。即前一句用一般现在时动词谓语表述现在发生的事实,而后一句用现在进行时动词谓语来阐明这一事实的原因、结果、目的等。例如:He frowns. He is worrying about his boy. 他皱着眉头,因为他在为他的孩子担心。She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his bad habits. 她批评他,想纠正他的坏习惯。She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子。这是在把他惯坏了。(结果)3、现在完成时(1)构成:现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成,助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:否定式疑问式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否定疑问式简单回答(肯定/否定)Have I not (Havent i) studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.(2)用法:1)现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。而一般过去时也表示动作已经完成,但强调的是过去发生了某一动作这样一个事实。有的同学觉得这种说法比较难以理解,因为任何过去的动作对现在都有影响,很难判断用一般过去时或现在完成时。事实上,这种说法没有把现在完成时与一般过去时的根本区别说清楚。如果没有说明动作发生的具体时间,则一般用现在完成时;如果说明了动作发生的具体时间,带有表示过去的时间状语,则用一般过去时。例如: My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如today, these days, recently, now, lately, for, since, in the last/past two weeks/years/days/months, just 等。如: I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.她从星期一就一直和我们在一起。注意:1)表示短暂意义的动词如open, go, come, die, arrive, leave, lose, fall等,在完成时当中不能和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此,不能说: He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes.以上三句话可以改为:Its two weeks since he came here. He has been here for 2 weeks.Its 4 months since the old man died.They have been away only for 5 minutes2)have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别:表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较:Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了?(已经回来了)Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了?(人不在)They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大).3)现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语,如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等连用, 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语,如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如:She has already come. 她已经来了。I havent read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yanan. 他们从未去过延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。4、一般过去时(1)构成:一般过去时通常由动词过去式表示。一般过去时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式要用助动词do 的过去式did, 同时注意实义动词要用原形。以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:否定式疑问式I did not (didnt) study.Did I study?You did not (didnt) study.Did you study?He did not (didnt) study.Did he study?否定疑问式简单回答 (肯定/否定)Did I not (Didnt I) study?Yes, you did. No, you didnt.Di you not (Didnt you) study?Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Did he not (Didnt he) study?Yes, he did. No, he didnt.(2)用法:一般过去时动词主要表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况,其中包括习惯性动作,通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。The train arrived ten minutes ago. 火车十分钟前就到了。What time did you get up yesterday morning? 昨天早晨你是什么时候起床的?I used to go to school early. 我过去总是很早去学校。He always went to work by bus. 他过去老乘车去上班。Li Hong lived in Shanghai for ten years when she was young. 李红小时候在上海住过十年。(有的同学认为出现了for some time 之类的时间状语,就要用完成时态。这种看法不完全正确。如果指的是在过去某事持续了一段时间,就要用一般过去时)注意:在动词用一般过去时的句子里通常有时间状语,表明动作发生的时间。如该句中没有时间状语,那么上下文中一定有表明过去的时间状语或可以体现“动作或情况发生在过去”这一概念。5、过去进行时(1)构成:由助动词be 的过去式 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化,第一、第三人称单数用was,其他用were.1)过去进行时动词主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作。过去进行时经常与过去时配合使用。例如:This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. 昨天这个时候,我们正在上英语课。The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room. 老师在给我们上课时,汤姆走进教室。While we were having supper, all the lights went out. 我们吃饭的时候,灯灭了。He was reading while she was setting the table. 她摆桌子时,他在读书。It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天渐渐黑下来了。风势增强了。2)过去进行时动词常用always, continually, frequently 等词连用,表示过去经常发生的行为。这种用法表明带有的感情色彩。例如:The two brothers were frequently quarreling when they were young. 两兄弟小时候常吵架。In Qing Dynasty, China was always making concessions to western powers. 清朝时,中国总是对西方列强妥协。6、过去完成时(1)构成:一律用had + 过去分词构成。(2)用法:1)表示发生在过去某一时间或动作之前的事情,即“过去的过去”。用过去完成时,必须有一个过去的时间或动作来作参照,说明在此之前某事已发生。如果两个动作都是在过去发生的,先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时。例如:She told me she had been there three times before. 她告诉我她以前到过那里三次。(“去过”发生在“告诉”之前)How long had he taught here by the end of last term? 到上学期末为止,他在这里教学多长时间啦? (“教学”发生在上学期末结束之前)When we arrived, the football match had already begun. 我们到的时候,足球赛已经开始了。She had visited China twice before she came this year. 她今年来中国之前已访问过中国两次了。2)过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态,这一动作一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下去。例如:By the middle of last month, I had lived in Beijing for five years. 到上月中旬,我已在北京住了五年了。By six oclock they had worked for eight hours. 到六点为止,他们已工作八小时了。When I came to Shanghai, he had been there for a long time. 我到上海时,他在那里很长时间了。3)过去完成时动词常用于间接引语和虚拟语气,我们以后会详细讲述。4)此外,过去完成时常用于 no soonerthan 和 hardly(scarcely) when 这两个句型,前面部分用过去完成时,后面部分用一般过去时。例如:No sooner had he stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. = He had no sooner stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. 他刚偷到钱包就被当场抓获。Saddam had hardly realized what was happening when he was captured. = Hardly had Saddam realized what was happening when he was captured. 萨达姆还没有意识到在发生什么事情就被抓获了。7、一般将来时一般将来时动词表示将来发生的动作或情况。主要有以下几种表现形式:(1)shall/will + 动词原形表示单纯的将来,不涉及主语的主观意愿。第一人称I, we用shall 或will,其余用will. 其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:否定式疑问式I shall/will not study.Shall I study?You will not study.Will you study?He will not study.Will he study?否定疑问式简单回答(肯定/否定)Shall I not (shant i) study?Yes, you will. No, you wont.Will you not (Wont you) study?Yes, I shall/will. No, I shant/wont.Will he not (Wont he) study.?Yes, he will. No, he wont.例如:I shall be twenty years old next year. 我明年二十岁。The sky is black. I think it will rain. 天黑下来了。我想可能会下雨。You will meet him at the station this afternoon. 你下午会在车站碰到他。The train will arrive soon. 火车快要到了。When shall we see you next time? 我们下次什么时候能看见你呢?He probably wont go with us. 他大概不能和我们一起去。注意:1)shall, will的缩写形式为ll, 如Ill, youll, hell 和shell等。2)will 用于第一人称时,可以表示将来的意愿、决心、允诺、命令等;shall用于第二、三人称时,可以表示说话人的将来的意愿。例如:I will give you a new pen for your birthday. 我将送你一支新钢笔作为生日礼物。(允诺)I will take the college entrance examination. 我将参加大学入学考试。(决心)Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗?(征求允诺)You shall have the book as soon as I get it. 我一拿到书就给你。(说话人的允诺)The enemy shall not pass. 决不让敌人通过。(说话人的保证)I will do my best to help you. 我愿意尽力帮助你。(意愿)Nobody shall be late for the meeting. 任何人开会都不能迟到。(说话人的命令)(2)be going + 动词不定式1)这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。例如:My brother is going to learn English next year. 我哥哥准备明年学英语。I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆。She is not going to be there. 她不会到那儿去的。When are you going to finish your work? 你的工作什么时候做完?He is going to stay a week. 他准备呆一星期。We are going to call a meeting to discuss it. 我们准备开个会来讨论一下。2)这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。例如:Look at these black clouds?it is going to rain. 看这些乌云?要下雨了。I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪。I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。注意:1)will 和be going to 都可以表示某种意愿。例如:I wont (am not going to) tell you my age. 我不(愿意)告诉你我的年龄。be going to 和will在含义和用法上略有不同。Be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算;will多表示意愿,决心。有时不能互换。例如:I have bought some bricks and I am going to build a kitchen with them.我买了些砖,我要用它们盖个厨房。(不能用will替换)Can somebody help me? ?I will. 谁能帮我一些吗?我来。(不能用be going to替换)2)be going to 可用于条件从句,表示单纯的将来;will则不能。例如:If you are going to go to the cinema this evening, youd better take your umbrella with you. 你若今晚去看电影,最好带着雨伞。(3)be to + 动词原形,表示安排、命令或肯定将会发生的事情;在问句中表示征求意见。如:You are not to smoke in this room. 你不许在这个房间里抽烟。In future you are not to go out alone. 将来你不许一个人出去。The worst is still to come. 最糟糕的还在后面呢。Tomorrow is still to come. 明天过了还有明天。(4)be about + 动词不定式。这种结构表示正要、即将发生的事情。例如:Lets go in. The class is about to begin. 咱们进去吧。马上开始上课了。They are about to get married. 他们即将结婚。My book is about to be published. 我的书即将出版。一般将来时的关键是记住表示将来的几种句型及其用法。三 形容词,副词形容词的定义: 形容词表示人或事物的性质, 特征或状态, 修饰名词或不定代词 二.形容词在句中的作用: 1.作定语: a. He is a great writer. b. This is an interesting book. c. I have something important to tell you. 2.作表语: a. The bridge is long and wide. b. It is getting warm. 3.作补语(宾语补足语或主语补足语): a. The news made her happy. b. We found the text very difficult. c. You should keep your classroom clean. d. The classroom should be kept clean. 4.作主语或宾语: the+adj表示某一类人或事物, 这种名词化的形容词起着名词的作用, 在句中可以作主语或宾语 a. We should respect the old and love the young. b. The new will replace the old. c. The rich and the poor live in separate sections in London. 5.作状语: 形容词作状语时, 多用来说明一个名词或代词的情况 a. Unhappy wit

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