动词一般时和进行时综合.docVIP

因材施教 知任善育动词一般时和进行时综合动词的时态时态是说明动词表示的动作与这一动作所发生的时间的关系的一种形式。英语常用的时态有三大类：一般时，进行时，完成时。一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。进行时包括现在进行时和过去进行时。完成时包括现在完成时和过去完成时。1、一般现在时的用法（1）表示自然规律和客观真理 There is no life on the moon. 月球上没有生命。he sun rises in the east.（2）表示经常反复发生的动作常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day 或once a week 等时间状语连用。He usually goes to work at 7:30 in the morning. We always have supper at 6:00 p.m.(3) 表示天气、时间、旅程、籍贯等情况 Wha t s the weather like today? Its showery有阵雨规则总结：动词一般现在时，表示经常发生（的）事。三单人称作主语，动词后加-s或-es。主语之后是谓语，肯定陈述的语序。一般疑问do当先，否定谓语dont添。注意：行为动词一般现在时的否定句和疑问问与be动词的句型变化大不一样。前者要用do not (does not)否定动词构成否定句；而后者只须在be动词的各种人称形式（am, is, are）之后加not构成否定句。（肯）I agree with you .(肯)I am at school.（否）I dont agree with you.(否)I am not at school.（疑Do you agree with me ?(疑) Are you at school?Yes I do .(No, I dont) Yes, Iam.(No, Im not.)(4)在时间状语从句及条件状语从句中表示将来的动作和状况，从句中的谓语动词用一般现 在时 If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park.Please give him this note as soon as he comes back.2、一般过去时的用法（1）表示过去经常发生的事情或习惯动作We often went to play baseball when we were at school. He used to take only one hamburger for lunch during the experiment.在做试验期间，他午餐总是只吃一个汉堡包。（2）表示过去某一时间发生的动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last year(month, week), in 2000, three hours ago等。（3）一般过去时用于时间或条件状语从句The man jumped off the train as soon as it stopped.火车刚刚停住，那人便从车上跳了下来。If I were you, I would go with him 如果我是你的话，我会跟他走的。（4）一般过去时用于表示刚发生过的事，不必表明时间Who left the key here?谁把钥匙落在这了？Who broke the teapot?谁把茶壶打碎了?行为动词与be动词一般过去时的否定句和疑问句型的区别行为动词一般过去时的否定句和疑问句与be动词的一般过去时句型变化大不一样。前者要用did not 构成否定句；而后者只须在be 的过去时式was, were之后加not 构成否定句。一般将来时的用法（1）“be going to +动词原形”表示将要发生或打算、计划和决定要做的事情主语的人称决定be的形式-am, is, are。It is going to be windy tomorrow.（天气）Tom and Susan are going to get married next month.汤姆和苏珊打算下个月结婚。规则总结：动词一般将来时：动词一般将来时，表示将要发生事。谓语动词要记清，助词will+原形。时间状语表将来，一般情况离不开。要变一般疑问句，Will主语前面移。否定句式也简单，will后边not添。(2)“will(shall)+动词原形”表示将来时The doctor will come every other day.这位医生将隔天来一次。I wont have time to do such a thing.我不会有时间去做那样的事情。（wont=will not）It will rain her this evening.傍晚这里将会有雨。比较 be going to 与 will (shall) 的区别“be going to +动词原形”表示事先考虑好的一个意图，相当于计划、打算或准备；但will(shall)表示的是未经事先考虑的意图。Who is knocking at the door? Ill go and see who it is.谁在敲门？我去看看谁来了。（“去看看是谁”，显然未经事先考虑好，因此不能说Im going to see ）She is going to change the way to do it.她打算改变处理这件事情的方式。（“改变方式”显然是经过事先考虑的， 所以用be going to ）但如果不清楚是否经过事先考虑时，则二者都可以使用。例如：She wont(is not going to )tell them what she is.她不会（或不打算）告诉他们她是做什么工作的。Will it be fine tomorrow?(=Is it going to be fine tomorrow?)明天天会晴吗？(3) 在含条件状语从句的句中，主句用will(shall), 不能用be going toIf it is fine tomorrow,  well go hiking.如果明天天气好的话，我们去野游。If you do what she asked, you will soon regret it.如果你按她的要求做，你很快就会后悔的。(4)“be to do+动词原形”表示已计划的安排好的动作或状态We are to have two weeks military training tomorrow.我们明天将去去进行为期两周的军训。The U.S.P resident is to arrive in Beijing in two hours.美国总统将于两小时之后到达北京。注意：“be about to do强调在很短的时间内就要发生的动作或状态。She was about to leave when the bell rang.她刚要出门，这时电话铃响了。（5）用一般现在时表示将来的状况 在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作If it is fine tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall.When she gets home, she will give me a call. 一些表示起始动作的动词可用于表示预先计划和安排的肯定要发生的动作这些主要是一些瞬间动词，如：come, go , start, begin, leave,return, arrive, stop, close等。Her father leaves for Europe next week.下个星期他父亲要动身去欧洲。The finals begin in three days.期末考试于三天后开始（6）用现在进行时表示将来的动作仅有少量的动词可以如此使用，而且要与表示将来的时间状语连用.如：come, go, start, leave, return, arrive, set , die等。Many of them are coming to this performance next week.下星期他们许多人要来参加这演出。They are setting out at 6:00a.m. tomorrow.他们要在明天早晨六点钟出发。4、现在进行时的用法现在进行时表示现在正在进行着的动作或状态。其结构是：be(am, is are)+现在分词。（1）表示说话时正在进行着的动作常与now连用；还可用动词look(看)，或listen（听）来表示now（现在）这一概念。Look! The bus is coming. Listen! Someone is crying. 听，有人在哭！(2)表示近一个阶段时间内正在进行的动作常与at presen（目前），these days(这几天)，this week(这周)等时间状语连用。We are learning Lesson 12 this week.我们本周正在学习第12课。She is working for a big firm at present.她目前正在为一家大公司服务。（3）表示将来的动作仅限于come, go , start, leave, stay, arrive等少量动词。Are you leaving tomorrow?This flight is arriving in five minutes. 这个航班将于5分钟后到达。(4)现在进行时可用于代替一般现在时，表在说话人的喜好、厌恶等情绪，使句子带有强烈的感情色彩常与always, forever连用Why are you always getting late?你为什么总是迟到？（表示不满）She is doing fine work at the layers office.她在律师事务所干得不错（表示赞许）5、 过去进行时的用法过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行着的动作，一般与表示过去的时间状语，如:then, at that time, at six, yesterday等连用； 但有时没有这些时间状语，而通过上下文的联系来表示。其结构是：was (were)+现在分词。（1）表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作What were you doing at eight this morning?今天早晨八点钟你在做什么？She was working on the problem this time yesterday.她昨天这时候正在解那道题。（2）表示过去某一阶段内的连续性动作What was Tom doing during the summer holidays?汤姆在暑假期间都做了什么了？We were visiting various museums is London when we stayed there.在伦敦逗留期间，我们参观了各种博物馆。（3）表示两个延续性动作同时进行I was doing my homework while they were watching TV.当时我正在写作业，而他们在看电视。Some students were running round the track when we were having a meeting in the classroom.当我们在教室里开会的时候，一些同学正在跑道上跑步。（4）表示一个渐进的变化过程She was getting better and better. 她的身体越来越好了。The grass was getting shorter and shorter in those years. 那些草逐渐长得越来越矮了。（5）用于间接引语，表示过去将来的动作Susan asked him if he was leaving early the next morning.苏姗问他是否准备第二天一大早就动身。 He said he was coming back soon. 他很快就会回来的。注意：有一些表示“感觉，情感，存在，从属思维”的动词，通常不用进行时表达。例如：1.Look, see, hear, seem, notice, appear (表示感觉)Dont look out of the window.别往窗外看。2. like, want, wish, prefer, fear, love, hate, refuse, forgive（表示情感）I prefer tea to coffee. 我爱喝茶，不爱喝咖啡。3.stay, be, exist(存在)，remain（保持）, （获得） （表示存在）Much work remains to be done. 仍然有很多工作要做。4.have, own(拥有)，possess(拥有), form(形成)， belong(属于)，contain(包含)，consist of (由组成)（表示占有或从属） The students form is two ranks.学生们站成了两列横队。5.think, know, believe, forget, remember, understand, doubt (怀疑)（表示理解或思考）Dont forget to lock the door when you leave. 走时别忘锁门。比较：过去进行时与一般过去时的区别过去进行时强调动作的连续性；一般过去时仅表示过去的一个动作的完结，只表示有过这件事。They were seeing the film last night.昨晚他们在看那个电影（ 没做其他事）They saw the film last night. 昨晚他们看了那个电影 （这一动作已完结）They were cooking for supper yesterday eveving .昨晚她正在做晚饭。（正在做）They cooked for supper yesterday eveving .昨晚她做了晚饭。（已做完）教学第三个环节：巩固练习过去进行时练习 一、 用动词的适当形式填空。1. While we _ (wait) for the bus, a girl _ (run) up to us.2. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in.3. Jim _ (jump) on the bus as it _ (move) away.4. We _ (test) the new machine when the electricity _ (go) off.5. She _ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _ (all, work) in the fields.6. While mother _ _ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell _ (ring).7. As I _ (walk) in the park, it _ (begin) to rain.8. Even when she _ _ (be) a child she _ _ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演员).9. It was quite late at night. George _ (read) and Amy _ (ply) her needle when they _ (hear) a knock at the door.10. There _ (be) a group round the fire when they _ (reach) it. An old woman _ (sit) on the ground near the kettle; two small children _ (lie) near her; a donkey _ (bend) his head over a tall girl.三、 选择题。1. I _ cooked a meal when you _ me.a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rangc. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang2. He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try3. While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard4. They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watching b. watch c. watched d. are watching5. What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeing b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _ ready to fly to England.a. are getting b. get c. were getting d. got7. Lei Feng _ always _ of others when he _ in the army.a. is, thinking, was b. was, thinking, is c. did, think, is d. was, thinking, was8. A girl _ my pen fall off the table when she _ me.a. saw, passed b. was seeing, passed c. was seeing, passed d. was seeing, was passing9. We _ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _.a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, wait c. waited, waiting d. waited, wait10. He _ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.a. helps b. would help c. was helping d. is helping11. While mother _ some washing, I _ a kite for Kate.a. did, made b. was doing, made c. was doing, was making d. did, was making12. “_ you angry then?” “they _ too much noise.”a. are, were making b. were, were making c. are, made d. were, made13. He _ some cooking at that time, so _ mea. did, heard b. did, didnt hear c. was doing, heard d. was doing, didnt hear14. This time yesterday jack _ his bike. He _ TV a. repaired, didnt watch b. was repairing, watchedc. repaired, watched d. was repairing, wasnt watching15. His parents wanted to know how he _ on with his new classmates.a. was getting b. gets c. is getting d. will get四、 翻译。1 昨天这个时候你们英语老师在做什么？她在和一些家长谈话吗？2 当我离开的时候他正在画一幅世界地图。3 当你看见他们的时候他们在干什么？他们在打扫教室。4 那时二班的学生没在操场上踢足球，他们在打篮球。5 一天，母亲下班回家的时候，约翰在写给一个朋友写信。6 上周五一下午，学生们在干什么？他们一直在往墙上贴海报。7 昨天这个时候，一些学生在植树,一些学生在给小树浇水。8 老师走进教室的时候，学术们正在谈论当天的新闻。9 老虎等猴子的时候，他听到一个声音。10. 今天上午放学的时候在下雨吗？是的，天正下着大雨。现在进行时练习一、按要求改写句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_对“ The boy”提问：_1).she,the window,open,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_2).is,who,the window,cleaning?(连词成句)_二、单项选择（ ）1.我在照看孩子.(A) I am looking after the baby. (B) Im look aftering the baby.(C) I look am aftering the baby. (D) I looking after the baby.( )2._friend is making_a kite. (A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his( )3.Is the woman _ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having( )4.Look!The twins_their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help (C)are helping (D)are looking( )5._are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where( )6. Is she_ _ something ? (A)eat (B)eating (C) eatting (D)eats ( )7.我正在听他说话.(A)I listening to him. (B)Im listening to him. (C)Im listen to him. (D)Im listening him.( )8.They are_their clothes. (A)making (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on( )9.Today Jim_ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing( )10.They_TV in the evening.They do their homework.(A)are watching (B)cant watching (C)dont watch (D)dont watching( )11.The children_football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a( )12.They are flying kites. (A)他们喜欢放风筝. (B)他们在放风筝吗?(C)他们在放风筝. (D)他们常放风筝.( )13.Look,They are swimming in the river. I want_you.(A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help教学第四个环节：作业一.用动词的适当形式填空。1. What time_ his father_(do) the work?2. He _(get) up at five oclock.3._ you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What _ ( do ) he usually _( do ) after school?5. Tom _ ( study ) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.6. Kitty sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she _( watch ) TV with her parents.8. _ Mike_( read ) English every day?9. How many lessons_ your classmates_( have ) on Monday?10. We often_ ( play ) football in the playground.11. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.12. Mary _ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter _(do) the same thing.13. What _ you _ (do) at that time? We _ (watch) TV.14. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _ (listen) to the radio.15. They _(not make) a model ship when I saw him.16. _ they _ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?No, they _. They _ (clean) the classroom.17. _ it _(rain) when you left school? Yes, it _. (No, it _)18. What _ your father _ (do) when he was your age?19. One day, Edison _ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play.20. He asked me if I _ (go) fishing that afternoon.21. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _ (leave) in five minutes.22. In a letter, john told us that he _ (come) to china next month.23. When the bell rang, jenny _ (wait) in her seat.24. She _ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.25. While my father _ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly _ a cry.二选择() 1. _ you have a book? A. DoB. AreC. IsD. Have()2. They _ on a farm. A. workingB. is workC. workD. is worked() 3. Does Peter like to watch TV?_. A. Yes, he likeB. No, he doesntC. Yes, hed likeD. No, he likes()4. She doesnt _her homework in the afternoon.A. doingB. to doC. doesD. do()5. How _ Mr. Brown _ to America?A. do,goB. is,goC. does,