山东省滨州市2019年中考英语语法专项复习语法十动词不定式语法考点剖析.docx

动词不定式语法考点剖析考点一 动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，否定形式是在动词不定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成动词不定式短语。1作主语动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式主语，把动词不定式后置，常构成“Itbeadj.(for sb.)动词不定式”。Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境很重要。2作表语My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。3作宾语或宾语补足语(1)接to do作宾语的动词或短语有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。(2)接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。(3)在使役动词make, let, have和感官系动词 feel, look, smell等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。help后的不定式可带to也可不带to。4作定语I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，其后要有相关的介词。The cat is easy to take care of.这只猫很容易照顾。5作状语Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。(目的)Were glad to meet you here.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因)He is too tired to work on.他太累了不能继续工作了。(结果)6“疑问词动词不定式”结构疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which等后接动词不定式，在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go(where he should go)他不知道去哪里。7含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语too. to.太而不能Why dont you do sth.？为什么不做某事？had better do sth.最好做某事prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事make sb. do sth.让某人做某事be made to do sth.被迫做某事1(2018湖北咸宁中考改编)Remember some fruit when you come back.Abuying Bto buyCbuy Dbought2(2018湖南长沙中考改编)The weather report says its going to have a shower this afternoon.It does? Wed better now, just in case.Ato leave BleavingCleave Dleft3(2018甘肃张掖中考)My two cousins decide a business together.Ato start BstartingCstart Dstarted4(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考改编)We set up this group disabled people like Ben Smith.Ahelp Bto helpChelping Dhelps5(2018黑龙江绥化中考改编)People are supposed hands when they meet for the first time in America.Ashaking Bto shakeCshake Dshook6(2018贵州中考)Parents should always tell their kids with strangers.Anot to talk Bnot talkingCto not talk Dnot talk7(2018四川成都中考改编)I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.Ato pick up Bpicking upCpicked up Dpick up8(2018四川达州中考)Id love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework If you dont go, Ato do; so do IBto do; nor will ICdoing; so will IDdo; neither am I9(2018四川乐山中考改编)Julia, your mobile phone is ringing.Wait a minute. Its dangerous it while crossing the street.Aanswering BanswerCto answer Dto answering10(2018广东中考)After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world.Abuild Bnot buildCto build Dnot to build11(2018贵州安顺中考)You should do what you can your English, Li Ming.OK, I will. Thank you, Ms.Hu.Aimprove Bto improveCimproving Dimproved考点二 动名词动名词由“动词原形ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质(可有宾语和状语)，也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。1动名词常用结构(1)只能跟动名词的动词(短语)有avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, cant help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing等。(2)haven.(in) doinghave fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulty (in) doing等。(3)to doing 结构，to是介词be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。2有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同。stopforgetremembertryregret1(2019预测)Have you forgotten $1，000 from me last month? Will you please remember it tomorrow?Aborrowing; to bringBto borrow; to bring Cborrowed; bringingDborrowing; bringing2(2017黑龙江龙东中考改编)Would you mind here?Of course not. Ill my cigarette at once.Anot smoking; put awayBnot smoking; put outCnot to smoke; put offDnot to smoke; put out3(2019预测)Everyone thinks the problem is hard, but he has no difficulty the problem. Aworking outBhaving worked outCto have worked outDto work out 4(2017湖北黄冈中考)Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world.Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid products made in China.Ato buy BbuyingCbought Dbuy5(2019预测)My brother keeps me with my work.Ato help Bhelp Chelping Dhelped6(2019预测)Ive enjoyed to talk with you.Ato be able Bbeing ableCto been able Dof being able7(2019预测)Mr. Wang came into the office without the door. Aknock Bknocking at Cto knock at Dknocking to8(2017重庆中考)Dave is a good boy and he always finishes his homework on time.Ado BdidCdoes Ddoing9(2017重庆渝北中考)There are some people soccer in the park.Aplay BplaysCplaying Dto play10(2017江苏常州中考)Why doesnt the Surgeon stop lunch?Because he is too busy a dying patient in the operation room.Ato have; to save Bhaving; to saveCto have; saving Dhaving; saving11(2017江苏淮安中考)The research he devotes himself to the farmers have a better harvest is very important.Ahelping Bto helpChelp Dhelped考点三 分词1现在分词由“动词原形ing”构成，表示主动、进行意义，还具有形容词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。The crying girl cant find her mother.那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。(定语)The story is interesting.这个故事很有趣。(表语)I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里学习。(宾语补足语)Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。(状语)2过去分词表示被动、完成意义，在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。She is very tired.她很疲劳。(表语)The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。(定语)She found the village greatly changed.她发现这个村庄变化很大。(宾语补足语)3现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。(1)现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动或者进行。a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子a developing country一个发展中国家boiling water正在沸腾的水a surprising look一个令人吃惊的表情(2)过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系，表示该动作的被动或者完成。the novel written by Lu Xun 鲁迅写的那篇小说 a singer surrounded by a group of fans 被粉丝包围的歌手fallen leaves 落叶a snowcovered city被雪覆盖的城市1(2017黑龙江龙东中考改编)I saw Jim into that new building just now.Oh, its our new library. It to the public for a week.Awalk; has opened Bwalking; has been openCwalking; has opened Dwalks; has been open2I heard him an English song when I passed his room last night.Asing BsingingCsung Dto sing3(2019预测)The novel is great.Its well worth Aread BreadsCr