SUSTAINABLEYIELDPRACTICEPROBLEMS：可持续产量的实践问题.doc

SUSTAINABLE YIELD PRACTICE PROBLEMSNAME_1. Sustainable yield can be defined asI. annual growth and recruitment annual death and emigrationII. (total biomass t time t + 1) (total biomass at time t)III. The highest rate at which natural capital can be exploited without reducing its original stock.a. I and II onlyb. I and III onlyc. II and III onlyd. I, II and III2. In a deer population of 1000, each year an average of 100 die from natural causes and 250 are born. Assuming no immigration or emigration, the sustainable yield is _.a. 100b. 150c. 350d. 11503. For a particular year, for the fishing grounds of an island nation, assume:R = the biomass of young fish reaching harvestable sizeG = the growth in biomass of fish already of harvestable sizeM = the loss of fish through death and emigrationB = the biomass of the total fish population at the start of the yearThe sustainable yield of the fishing grounds could be calculated using which of the following?a. R + G M b. M Mc. B + R + G Md. R + G 4. What is the maximum sustainable yield for a resource?a. The difference between natural capital and natural incomeb. The rate of decrease in natural capitalc. The sustainable rate of harvest of a resourced. The point at which the original stock is depleted5. What is the maximum sustainable yield of a crop equal to?a. Natural incomeb. Natural capitalc. Carrying capacityd. Total biomass6. If the harvesting of a fish population were to exceed the sustainable yield in one year, this would meana. The natural capital had been reduced but the natural income had increased.b. The natural capital remained the same but the natural income had been reduced.c. The natural capital had been reduced and the natural income would be reduced in the following year.d. The natural capital remained the same but the natural income would be reduced in the following year.7. Resources that have a sustainable yield equal to their natural productivity area. Natural incomeb. Renewable natural capitalc. Replenishable natural capitald. Non-renewable natural capital8. A forest has a volume of 800 000 million m3 of timber. In one year, 150 000 m3 of timber are harvested and 100 000 m3 of timber are added by normal tree growth. Which of the following statements is correct with regard to this year?a. The maximum sustainable yield was 800 000 million m3 of timberb. Harvesting exceeded the natural income by 100 000 m3 of timberc. The natural capital remaining was 750 000 m3 of timberd. The natural income was 100 000 m3 of timber9. Which of the following statements about natural capital is correct?a. Coal and timber are examples of non-renewable natural capital.b. Replenishable natural capital cannot be naturally replaced at a rate comparative to its consumption.c. Metals are renewable natural capital because they are not destroyed and can be recycled.d. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are examples of replenishable natural capital.10. Sustainable yield can be defined as I. (annual growth and recruitment) (annual death and emigration)II. The gain in biomass (or energy) per unit time remaining after subtracting metabolic and other natural lossesIII. The highest rate at which natural capital can be exploited without reducing its original stockb. III onlyc. I and II onlyd. II and III onlye. I, II, and III11. The diagram below shows the energy flow in a river ecosystem in temperate latitudes. All energy values are kJ m-2 yr-1. Calculate the sustainable yield of older fish.12. The graph below shows the commercial catch of salmon (a species of fish) in a river system in North America between 1866 and 1966.a. Identify the lowest catch between 1870 and 1966 and state the year in which it was recorded.Catch _Year _b. Describe