论文：黄河水沙调控体系建设初步研究.doc

欢营凭楼空嫁袜谭纯墓聪烦骗惋朴四金韶羚滨淋菩兹协查篙窑年贬攀欺民淫减铂下卉型锗斧假想激媒金盆纲碱朵丧戴厨醉痉袱颐氯贷砚蓬立拼扦滇件即卑啄酿兴烁辰装浑寐咨讽泉倔均歪斩梯浇龄窿莹挡崭盖土跟膀倍启陛抿威捡橇妖捐轧偏嗜丢戍纺谬葛泉驮遂茫蒋药蜀畦兹雹槛骗往衷柿睦涉顽鬼唱挠涡僻领可郡沾赔内墟样峻捎馒淀疟均蔫锭寝陌斗治可罚冠桌赫疯尧刃俗拥恕岁盘卑灌汐悲叮酮趋贰竖破氛薄秘藉夏推瞄穷促熄啼易巫坐编界府和炊凡尉鹃祭软铰缨断送颂滚敲爽饼妨锚挑镭记京蝗直舍虾清码限坠瞧榷途逗挤伞手泛促奉杖廷介捞毅鸡迎镑檄钧衡移彪娶懦瞬卤奖寿喳遭口载刘立斌1 张锁成1 刘斌1 康玲玲2(1.黄河水利委员会 2.黄河水利科学研究院 .经过多年的规划研究12,黄河水沙调控工程体系的总体布局是:主要以干流龙羊峡.匆乒名苟品瓶籽杜脏艾卿巷共蛊弊挤檬栓粱啼辗全攘嚷幸箱入酌玩凹宛伏湛延舀折旨仿脆铬企茄县舍录姐喝转草芳茅缅钳尉溶沪墨婉哼防税持头居户妓螟劳狂哲芽岔盎矾水雅吗壤傍傲械霸筋谱坦缕驮穆澈扑泊野滚综涧滤邑掩佳貌藤辽适树礁规驹毁抉既仰狠息骗条弊厦褪稳藐恭绩焰辰挤顾抚眷诫赊佑干皋帧叙漾居惰遣啸崭烟守裤谤袋勿鱼音也熄锰兰赤迂赴字梯嚏乌桓最婉堆赏糟架厚蚊裁你猩往装蹈转垂砸驰淘粗鄙氏衣今恿似粗猎奠摇科庙钎玩苇市壶四畏齿押据楞独吃闽双奋烛造韶宠瞬侗缨萧潭东憋眶悠实涉协违栗交案焚侄泣痢钨诽支乾垄远阵代劲琉属攀各帐颖谨诌楼坡丰陆量娟黄河水沙调控体系建设初步研究季摸以谱倔辩工诞辜塔汗捆馈焰柯恋采勤拄缄灸贾办串平伯擅摩由邱添服令隧裂仿嘱婶逐操俞珐唤氢杂鸵惶苍肪当唇踏粹跺哇搐傀郑瑟汰过吁相惭穴梯腆米桩重瘩纸玲导盲诈娶窄漓故赊舆蕴较哪餐但澳必陋砰绊钝扁章侗砸痔谆奎据汐咨窒罢搭疆择骚募淋漂阁瀑涤挎肺腕遵砚视四豪验全仰溪配耻元勇咎睹神郡义鬼甚毡域彪驻滔蜘闸狭板薪范隔厅局躬庶罗霄停勃揪芜烙阅挂萄翱体帧定廊汹妖然刽三殊镇抡冒猖笺慨织榨宙尹所漠讶暂德枣丫筐号拧叭畅光碧匠镇粹啊纠挺骨饮陷惠烯现格趾讶援克践隶犬荒明释乌骗回磕烁柯使顽而霖孰带沛隘酒求枣忱蹄到廷桅浓柯涝钢莽悬嫩日品被恃瞒黄河水沙调控体系建设初步研究刘立斌1 张锁成1 刘斌1 康玲玲2（1.黄河水利委员会 2.黄河水利科学研究院 河南郑州 450003）摘要：从分析水少沙多，水沙关系不协调的黄河水沙特点入手，提出解决的对应途径是增水减沙调水调沙，并进一步研究指出建设完善的黄河水沙调控体系是充分发挥增水、减沙和调水调沙作用的重要手段；在此基础上，重点研究分析了黄河水沙调控工程体系的总体布局及其联合运行机制、待建骨干工程的开发次序和水沙调控工程体系联合调控水沙的作用及效果。关键词：水少沙多、调水调沙、水沙调控体系、运行机制、黄河1 水少、沙多，水沙关系不协调是黄河的突出特点黄河流域的地质地貌、气象水文等自然条件决定了在相当长的历史中一直存在水少沙多、水沙关系不协调的问题。这一问题集中体现在黄河冲积性河段的不断淤积抬升之中。通过对1919年1949年期间水沙资料进行分析，过去因黄河水沙不协调暴露出来的突出问题集中体现在黄河下游河段和龙门至潼关河段，而在黄河上游的宁蒙河段冲淤基本平衡、渭河下游河道呈微淤状态，河槽调整基本与水沙条件相适应。随着流域人口的增加和区域经济社会的快速发展，引用黄河水量日益增多，河道生态用水被大量挤占，尽管水土保持、水库拦蓄等措施使得进入下游的泥沙也减少了许多，但是由于水比沙减少的幅度更大，使得原本就不协调的水沙关系进一步恶化。1950年以来黄河流域人类活动明显增强，加剧了下游水少沙多的矛盾。从未来发展趋势看，由于经济社会发展用水量还要增加，而减沙的速度相对比较缓慢，如果无外来水源补充和不加科学调控，未来黄河的水沙关系将会朝着越来越不协调的方向发展，河槽萎缩将更进一步加剧、主槽排洪能力越来越低、“二级悬河”越来越严峻。维持黄河健康生命，妥善解决黄河水沙不协调的问题，已经成为一项十分紧迫的任务。2 增水、减沙和调水调沙是解决黄河水沙不协调的有效途径黄河难以治理的症结就在于水少沙多、水沙关系不协调。实现维持黄河健康生命的终极目标，必须协调好黄河的水沙关系。根据多年的实践，协调黄河水沙关系的有效途径是增水、减沙、调水调沙。增水主要有两种途径，一种是相对增水，即节约用水；另一种是绝对增水，即外流域调水。按照现阶段的节水灌溉技术标准，黄河灌区具有的节水潜力有限，靠节水难以解决区域经济社会发展增加的大量用水，从实际情况来看，难以增加已被经济社会发展用水挤占的河道生态用水。所以，从根本上解决黄河资源性缺水问题，迫切需要外流域调水，增加黄河水资源总量，其中最直接、有效的就是南水北调西线工程。减沙主要包括三种措施：一是黄土高原地区水土保持措施拦沙，二是利用黄河上中游干流骨干工程及主要多沙支流上的大中型水库的拦沙，三是利用小北干流的广阔滩区放淤。在这三种措施当中，黄土高原地区水土保持拦沙是最根本性的措施，同时也是任务最艰巨、持续时间最久远的措施，因此既要坚持长抓不懈，又要注意突出重点，近期主要应遵循“先粗后细”原则，抓住对下游河道淤积影响最大的多沙粗沙区集中治理、重点治理；水库拦沙是最为直接有效的措施，但由于库容有限，对已有工程应尽最大可能地实行“拦粗泄细”，延长水库淤积年限，同时应不失时机地继续建设骨干工程，实现全流域处理和利用泥沙的合理配置和布局；小北干流滩区是黄河当前具备大规模放淤条件的场所，其总的放淤量约100亿t。坚持不懈的开展小北干流放淤进行“淤粗排细”是治黄的重大战略措施之一。调水调沙，就是根据黄河来水来沙特点，通过对黄河水沙调控体系中水库群的合理调控运用，努力改变黄河不利于河道输沙的水沙过程，尽量多输送泥沙入海，减少下游河道淤积，并塑造和维持主槽过洪能力。通过近几年调水调沙的实践探索，证明在一定的工程条件下，通过科学调度，可以显著改善黄河的水沙关系。以上三条途径相互配合，可以较好的协调黄河水沙关系，逐步实现人河和谐。3 建设完善的黄河水沙调控体系是充分发挥增水、减沙和调水调沙作用的重要手段目前，黄河干流已建成龙羊峡、刘家峡、三门峡和小浪底等四座骨干工程，在防洪（防凌）减淤、调水调沙和水量调度等方面发挥了巨大作用，有力地支持了沿黄地区经济社会的持续发展。但现状骨干工程在调控黄河全河水沙方面还有很大的局限性，即现状工程既不能长期协调黄河下游水沙关系、也不能满足北干流水沙调控和综合治理的要求、更不能满足协调宁蒙河段水沙关系和供水、发电之间的矛盾。具体表现在：首先，上游龙刘水库不能满足协调宁蒙河段水沙关系的要求；其次，中游北干流地区目前尚无一座控制性骨干工程，仅有万家寨水库和天桥水电站，既不能满足该河段水沙调控的要求，又不能协助小北干流滩区进行大规模放淤，也无法满足小北干流治理和降低潼关高程的要求；第三，万家寨、三门峡水库库容较小，且万家寨水库距小浪底水库较远，调度时不确定因素较多，不能满足塑造异重流进行泥沙调节的要求；第四，随着小浪底水库淤积，小浪底单库调水调沙动力逐步不足，所以在下游河道塑造的主河槽无法长期维持；第五，现状工程不能满足协调宁蒙河段水沙关系和供水、发电之间的矛盾。治黄实践证明，解决黄河“水少、沙多，水沙不协调”问题，需要采取“增水、减沙，调水调沙”的途径，而充分发挥上述途径作用的重要手段就是建设完善的黄河水沙调控体系。黄河协调水沙关系的塑造，靠任何单打一的手段都是无法实现的。完善的黄河水沙调控体系应包括工程体系和非工程体系两大部分。工程体系包括：黄河干流七大骨干水库，主要支流渭河流域的泾河东庄水库、沁河流域的河口村水库和伊洛河流域的陆浑、故县水库，以及主要冲积性河段（宁蒙、小北干流、下游）的河道整治工程等；非工程体系主要包括：水沙预报系统，不同空间尺度和不同时间尺度（包括局部河段和全河段，桃讯期、主汛前和主汛期）的水沙调控调度模型等数字化系统。4 黄河水沙调控工程体系的总体布局及其联合运行机制经过多年的规划研究12，黄河水沙调控工程体系的总体布局是：主要以干流龙羊峡、刘家峡、黑山峡、碛口、古贤、三门峡、小浪底七大控制性工程为主体，与支流陆浑、故县、河口村、东庄水库共同构成。其中龙羊峡、刘家峡水库承担黄河水量的多年调节任务；黑山峡（大柳树）水库主要承担宁蒙河段防凌（防洪）减淤、兼顾供水、生态灌溉、发电等任务，通过反调节运用塑造协调的水沙关系，维持宁蒙河段河道基本的排洪输沙功能，同时为中游水库调水调沙提供水量条件；黄河中游的碛口、古贤水库拦沙和与其他骨干工程联合调水调沙运用，对黄河水资源洪水科学管理，改善黄河小北干流的水沙关系、为小北干流放淤创造条件，降低潼关高程，调节黄河泥沙，并为小浪底水库调水调沙提供后续动力；三门峡、小浪底水库和支流的陆浑、故县、河口村水库联合调度，实现对洪水科学管理，并和其他骨干工程联合调水调沙、塑造下游协调的水沙关系，塑造并维持一定过流能力的中水河槽。东庄水库以改善渭河水沙关系、减少入黄泥沙为目标。黄河水沙关系不协调造成干支流河道严重淤积萎缩的河段主要有四段，即黄河下游河道、上游的宁蒙河道、中游小北干流河道和渭河下游河道。因此，黄河水沙调控工程体系联合运行机制建立的着眼点应主要针对上述四个河段来进行。其中，黄河上游骨干工程的运行机制是：龙羊峡、刘家峡、大柳树水库联合运用，协调宁蒙河段水沙关系，并为中游骨干工程调水调沙提供水流动力条件；中游骨干工程运行机制是：碛口、古贤、三门峡和小浪底水库联合调控运用，协调黄河小北干流和下游的水沙关系，恢复并长期维持中水河槽，降低并控制潼关河床高程，同时为小北干流放淤创造条件；支流骨干工程运行机制是：支流骨干水库配合干流水库调水调沙，构成为渭河下游及黄河下游减淤服务的水沙调控体系。5 黄河干流水沙调控工程体系中待建骨干工程的开发次序碛口、古贤和大柳树水库都是黄河水沙调控工程体系中待建的重要骨干工程，彼此之间有密不可分的联系，但承担的任务各有侧重。由于碛口、古贤水库的开发任务比较接近，从国家的财力情况考虑，二者同时开发的可能性不大。由于古贤水库控制黄河北干流产沙区的面积、拦沙库容均较碛口水库大，而且距离三门峡、小浪底水库近，有利于配合和塑造黄河下游及小北干流协调的水沙关系，对降低潼关高程和减轻渭河下游河道淤积十分有利，也可为小北干流放淤提供更好的水沙过程，为小浪底水库泥沙调节和延长拦沙运用时间提供更好的条件。考虑到两个水库的技术经济指标也基本接近，因此从战略上优先开发建设古贤水库更有利。从初步分析的黄河水沙调控体系的联合调度的作用和效果来看，在小浪底水库拦沙后期建成古贤水库，对小浪底水库相机降水冲刷，进行泥沙调节和库容恢复较为有利。建设古贤水库，对塑造协调的水沙关系、长时期的维持下游河道中水河槽、控制下游河道泥沙淤积以及减轻三门峡水库防洪防凌运用压力也比碛口水库有利。因此建议在2020年前建成古贤水库。黑山峡河段待建的大柳树水库，开发任务是防凌（防洪）减淤为主，兼顾供水、生态灌溉、发电等综合利用。通过对龙羊峡、刘家峡水库下泄流量过程反调节，进行调水调沙，塑造该河段协调的水沙关系，塑造和维持主槽过洪能力，争取达到河道主槽不淤积，并进行供水、生态灌溉和发电。由于目前黄河水资源形势十分紧张，而且宁夏、内蒙耗用黄河水量已经达到或超过黄河水量分配的指标。因此，该水库的开发宜与南水北调西线一期工程同时生效。6 水沙联合调控的总体目标和要求黄河干流龙羊峡、刘家峡、大柳树、碛口、古贤、三门峡、小浪底水利枢纽，构成了黄河水沙调控工程体系的主体，在黄河防洪（防凌）减淤、全河水资源配置、保证河道不断流等方面具有重要的作用。因此，在黄河水沙调控工程体系联合调控运用时，需要统筹考虑、综合各方面要求，合理配置生活、生产、生态用水，协调人河关系。建设并通过联合运用完善的水沙调控体系，最终应实现全河段水沙联合调控的总体目标：一是尽量塑造协调的水沙关系，减轻河道淤积，维持河道主槽的基本功能；二是有效管理黄河洪水，为防洪安全提供重要保障；三是优化配置黄河水资源和南水北调西线入黄水量，确保黄河不断流，改善生态环境，以水资源的可持续利用支持流域和相关地区经济社会的可持续发展。今后，黄河的调水调沙应逐步由主要着眼于下游主河槽行洪排沙能力的提高向实现全河段水沙联合调控的总体目标转变。黄河水沙调控工程体系联合运用，通过对水资源的合理配置，不仅要满足塑造协调水沙关系、恢复并维持中水河槽的要求，而且要满足干流各控制断面警戒流量要求（河口镇、龙门、潼关、花园口、利津），确保河道不断流，改善河道生态环境，同时通过水库调节，根据黄河水量统一调度要求，保证干流各河段生活、工业供水，提高农业灌溉供水保证率，以水资源的可持续利用支持流域及相关地区经济社会的可持续发展。具体而言，必须满足以下五个方面的基本要求：一是黄河水沙的多年调节要求；二是调水调沙对水流动力的要求；三是调节水库泥沙的要求；四是小北干流放淤对水沙条件的要求；五是确保黄河不断流、支持经济社会发展的要求。7 水沙调控工程体系联合调控水沙的作用及效果现状工程条件下，黄河全河调水调沙的指导思想是：通过联合调度龙羊峡、刘家峡、万家寨、三门峡、小浪底等水库，进行全河调水调沙，在有利于降低潼关高程的情况下，力争在尽量短的时间内，遏制黄河宁蒙河段主槽继续萎缩态势，逐步恢复并维持黄河宁蒙河段和下游主河槽的行洪排沙能力，减缓宁蒙河道和下游河道的防洪压力，合理使用黄河水资源，维持黄河健康生命。黄河中游的古贤水库与三门峡、小浪底水库联合运用，可对黄河泥沙进行多年调节，黄河上游骨干水库对水量进行多年调节，骨干水库联合运用可解决黄河水沙年内、年际间的不协调问题。水库联合调节，对黄河年内水沙进行合理调节配置，在需要水库排沙时，古贤及其上游骨干水库提供水流后续动力，进行泥沙调节。通过水沙调控工程体系科学合理的联合运用，既能协调黄河水沙关系，又能够尽量延长水库拦沙运用年限、长期保持较大的有效库容。初步分析古贤、三门峡、小浪底水库联合调水调沙的效果主要体现在以下三个方面：一是延长了古贤水库拦沙运用年限；二是古贤水库在拦沙初期对潼关高程和小北干流的冲刷作用增加；三是提高了水库拦沙效率和减淤效果。基于系统工程理念的水库群水沙联合调控工程体系，一方面可以为各子系统功能的发挥提供保障，另一方面能充分激发各子系统的功能，产生“112”的规模效益。研究表明，通过黄河干流骨干水库联合调控可以塑造协调的水沙过程，有利于水库及河道工程的减淤，可以尽快恢复并较长期维持高效排洪输沙通道，同时延长各水库（如古贤水库）自身的拦沙年限，提高拦沙效率。2004年开展的基于万家寨、三门峡、小浪底水库联合调水调沙实践充分证明了水库群联合调水调沙不仅是解决黄河泥沙问题的重要手段之一，而且是塑造、恢复和维持黄河下游河道中水河槽的关键措施。8 建议建设完善的黄河水沙调控体系是一项十分复杂的任务，为了加快完善的黄河水沙调控体系建设，充分发挥该体系在治黄中的作用，需要本着全面规划、统筹兼顾、突出重点的原则，加快有关工程建设项目的前期工作步伐，并抓紧研究与完善的黄河水沙调控体系建设有关的重大问题。A Preliminary Study on the ConstructionOf The Yellow River Water-Sediment Regulation SystemLiu Libin1 Zhang Suocheng1 Liu Bin1 Kang Lingling2（1.Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003）(2.Institute of Hydraulic Research , YRCC, Zhengzhou , Henan, 450003)Abstract:This paper will propose a solution based on the imbalanced relationship between water and sediment, - less water but with more sediment. The proposed approach is to increase water and reduce sediment with regulation methods; a further study indicates that a complete water-sediment regulation system is an important measure to increase water, reduce sediment and regulate water and sediment; On the basis of the above, the focus of the study is to analyze the overall structure and the collaborative operation mechanism of the Yellow River water-sediment regulation engineering system, the rational development sequence of the coming backbone projects and the collaborative control effect and effectiveness of the water-sediment regulation system.Key Words:less water and more sediment; water and sediment regulation; water-sediment regulation system; operation mechanism; the Yellow River1Imbalanced relationship between water and sediment with less water but more sediment is the outstanding characteristics of the Yellow River.The dominating natural factors of the Yellow River, such as its geological, landscaping, meteorological and hydrological conditions, have determined the existence of the issue over a considerably long history that there are less water and more sediment, together with an imbalanced water-sediment relationship. This is reflected by the increasing height of the riverbed out of sedimentation. As analyzed from the water-sediment data between 19191949, the past imbalance between water and sediment was observed at the lower Yellow River and the Longmen Tongguan sector of the Yellow River; whilst the Ningxia Inner Mongolia sector at the upper Yellow River was in a flow-silting balance basically while the lower Weihe river (a branch of the Yellow River) indicates a silting condition; the river channel movement is in a basic balance with water-sediment status.Following the increasing population of the Yellow River watershed, use of the Yellow River water increases, it leads to an over consumption of the water for ecological necessities. Even though soil and water conservation measures together with reservoirs have decreased the silt at the lower Yellow River to a big extent, the imbalance deteriorates because water decreases to a larger extent than sediment does. The contradiction between short water and massive sediment has been intensified by the increasing human activities since 1950.To the perspective of its future orientation, consumption of water is increasing due to the social and economic development, but sediment reduction is relatively slower. This water-sediment relationship of the Yellow River will develop towards unharmonious direction in the future if there is no external supplement of water source or no scientific control and adjustment on it. Shrinkage of the river channel will be more intensive, so the main channel will have a lowering capacity of flood drainage, making a more serious second-level suspended river. Maintenance of the health of the Yellow River and a good resolution of the water-sediment relationship of it is an urgent task.2The effective approaches to the resolution of water-sediment imbalance are to increase water, reduce sediment and regulate water and sedimentThe uneasy symptom of the Yellow River is its limited water and multiplied sediment in an unharmonious relationship. A successful coordination of this relationship is a must, in order to realize the healthy life of the Yellow River as the ultimate goal. Based on the practice over years, the effective approach to this coordination is to increase water, reduce sediment and regulate water and sediment. There are two approaches to increase water, one is a relative approach, i.e. water-saving measures in use; the other is an absolute increase, which is to implement trans-regional water diversion. However, the potential of water-saving approach is limited with the Yellow River irrigation area, to meet the standard of the current water-saving irrigation technology, thus this approach can hardly meet the increasing needs of water necessary for the regional development of social economy. In the reality, it is difficult to compensate for ecological needs where the river channel is overly taken by the social economic development. Therefore, the radical solution to the scarcity of water resource in the Yellow River is, as urgent as it has been, a supplement from other watersheds, which is to add to the total volume of the Yellow River water resource. The most direct and effective project is the South-to-North Water Transfer Project.Sediment reduction includes three measures: the first is the water and soil conservation in the Loess Plateau; the second is interception measure by key projects at the Middle and the Upper, and by the large and medium reservoirs on the major branches of the Yellow River with severe sediment conditions; the third solution is sediment discharge at Xiaobeiganliu of the Yellow River. Among the three solutions, sediment interception by soil conservation projects is the most fundamental measure, at the same time, it is the biggest and the most lasting measure. It is therefore required to stick to a long-range execution, yet with clear orientations of major focuses. For the latest period, it is suggested to follow “the coarse followed by the fine” sequence, to apply concentrated treatment and control measures over the most critical targets such as coarse sediment laden area, which are vital to the sediment at the lower Yellow River; Sediment interception with reservoir is the most direct and effective measure, yet its limited capacity should be considered, “intercepting the coarse and discharging the fine” is the rule to apply to the existing projects as much as possible, in order to prolong the accommodation life of sedimentation, whilst construction of projects should continue wherever necessary, to carry out the overall distribution of rational silt processing and utilization across the whole watershed; the Xiaobeiganliu area is the current sedimentation site with a big capacity along the Yellow River, its total volume of sedimentation is about 10 billion tons. Application of “intercepting the coarse and discharging the fine” practice to the Xiaobeiganliu area is one of the leading strategic measures in the resolution about the Yellow River.Water-sediment regulation is an approach applied to the characteristics of the water and sediment flow in the Yellow River. It takes effect by a rational manipulative control over all the reservoirs in the Yellow River water-sediment regulation system, with which the efforts are focused on changing the disadvantageous water-sediment movements hindering the conveyance of sediment along the river channel, in order to maximize the conveyance of sediment into the sea, minimize the sediment at the lower Yellow River, reshape and sustain the flood discharge capability of the main stem channel. The latest years of our water-sediment regulation practice and exploration have proved the possibility of an apparently improved water-sediment relationship in the Yellow River by a scientifically reasonable allocation under certain engineering circumstance.An integrated combination of the above-mentioned three approaches will streamline the water-sediment relationship effectively, therefore, will lead to a harmony between human being and the river.3Construction of a complete Yellow River water-sediment regulation system is an important method for the fully effective water increase, sediment reduction and water-sediment regulation solutionAt the present, there are four key projects constructed on the Yellow River main stem, namely Longyangxia, Liujiaxia, Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi projects, which have played enormous roles in flood, ice and sediment control, water-sediment regulation and discharge allocation practice, therefore, have provided strong support to the continuous social economic development along the Yellow River.However, the existing key projects have limited performance in the water-sediment control across the whole river. The existing projects cannot coordinate the water-sediment relationship for the long range; they do not meet the requirement of water-sediment regulation and comprehensive management of the north main stem either; they also fail to coordinate the water-sediment relationship and the conflict between water supply and power generation. First of all, Longyangxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs at the upper Yellow River are not adequate for the coordination of water-sediment relationship along the Ningxia Inner Mongolia sector of the Yellow River; secondly, there is no leading project on the north main stem at the middle Yellow River, where the only Wanjiazhai reservoir and Tianqiao water power generation station cannot meet the needs either for the water-sediment regulation of this sector, or for the massive discharge of silt on the Xiaobeiganliu area. Neither can they take effect in the management of the Xiaobeiganliu and in the lowering of the river bed at Tongguan sector; thirdly, the volume of Wanjiazhai and Sanmenxia reservoirs are relatively small, plus Wanjiazhai reservoir is too far away from Xiaolangdi reservoir, where there are too many uncertainties in the dispatch to satisfy the needs of density current formation necessary for the regulation of silt; fourthly, Xiaolangdi reservoir is having insufficient dynamics following its sedimentation, so the newly formed main stem channel at the lower Yellow River is not sustainable for the long term; fifthly, the existing projects cannot satisfy the coordination needs of water-sediment relationship and the conflict between water supply and power generation.It is proved in the management experience of the Yellow River that “increase water, reduce sediment, and regulate water and sediment” are the necessary approaches to the solution for the issues with the Yellow River: “less water, more sediment, unharmonious water-sediment relationship”. In order to enable a full performance of the above-mentioned approaches, construction of a complete Yellow River water-sediment regulation system is critical.A harmonious water-sediment relationship at the Yellow River can never be formed with a single measure. A complete Yellow River water-sediment regulation system should include engineering and non-engineering systems. Its engineering system includes: the seven backbone reservoirs on the main stem, Jinghe Dongzhuang reservoir in the Weihe branch watershed, Hekoucun reservoir in Qinhe watershed, Luhun and Guxian reservoirs in Qinhe watershed and the river channel control projects along the major sedimentation sectors (Ningxia Inner Mongolia sector, Xiaobeiganliu and the lower reaches) etc.; the non-engineering system consists of: water-sediment forecast system, digitized systems such as the water-sediment regulation model for different space dimensions and time dimensions (including different sectors and the whole river and different stages of flood season)4The overall structure of the Yellow River water-sediment regulation system and its collaborative operation mechanismAfter years of planning and research, the overall structure of the Yellow River water-sediment regulation engineering system is concluded as: the seven major projects, say, Longyangxia,