必修1module6

小 初 高精品课堂学优教育辅导讲义学员编号（卡号）： 年 级： 第 6 课时学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 教师：课 题 The internet and telecommunications 教学内容重点语法冠词 冠词分为三种情况：定冠词（the），不定冠词（a/an）以及零冠词。其用法归纳如下： 1. 定冠词的基本用法 (1) 定冠词的特指用法 定冠词的特指用法通常都是确定的特指，如：重提上文提到过的人或物时，要用定冠词： I saw a girl and an old man in the house.The old man must be the girls grandfather. He ordered some books last month.The books have now arrived. 在名词词组中，如果名词之后带有限制性定语或其前带有最高级形容词，要用定冠词： The flowers in her garden smell fragrant. This is the most interesting book I have ever read. 当讲到说话人和听话人都知道的人或物时，要用定冠词： Im just back from the market. 当名词前带有first, next, last, same, only 等表示独特含义的词语时，要用定冠词： When is the next flight to Beijing? He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (2) 定冠词的类指用法 用“定冠词+单数名词” 可指整个类别，区别于另一个类别: The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of mammals. The book is used for the teacher, not for the student. “用定冠词+表示国籍的形容词”可指整个民族或国人。 The English have had long trade relations with the Chinese. “用定冠词+普通形容词”可指一类人。如：the blind; the dying; the learned;the poor;the old等。 “定冠词+某些复数名词”可指一定的阶级，阶层或外国人。 He says he keeps away from the lawyers and the doctors. (3) 定冠词的其他用法 在表示某些独一无二的事物时，要用定冠词：the sun, the moon, the earth, the northern pole,the equator等。 在表示海洋，江河，湖泊，群岛，山脉，沙漠，海峡等的专有名词前，要用定冠词：the West Lake, the Atlantic, the Changjiang river等。 在乐器名称前，要用定冠词。 Tom played the piano and I played the violin. 在表示某一家人的专有名词前，要用定冠词。 The Browns have arrived. 用在表示单位的名词前。 He gets paid by the day/by the hour. 2. 不定冠词的基本用法： (1) 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table. (2) 指人或事物的某一种类。如： His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.(3) 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如： My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. (4) 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如： We have meals three times a day. 我们一天吃三餐。 (5) 表示同样的。如： They are of an age. 他们是同岁。 (6) 表数量，相当于one，但语意较弱。如： There is a pen and two books on the desk. (7) 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译“帮手”） (8) 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word等。 3. 零冠词的用法 (1) 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）(2) 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English. (3) 名词前有指示代词，物主代词，不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如： I like this picture. I do not have any money. As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. (4) 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most. (5) 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?(6) 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch? (7) 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. (8) 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball. (9) 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如： arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）。(10)表示头衔、职位的名词前。 Who is captain of your team? John was elected chairman of the committee. (11) turn作系动词时，后面的名词前不用冠词。 He was a medical student before he turned writer. 合成词 1. 合成名词的数量很大，可以用在句中作主语、宾语等 Sightseeing took up the whole morning. 观光花了一上午。 Finally they reached a crossroads. 最后他们到达了十字路口。 合成名词常见的构词法如下：(1) 名词+名词 silkworm 蚕 earthquake 地震 (2) 动名词+ 名词 sleeping pill 安眠药 waiting-room 候车室 (3) 名词+动名词 sun-bathing 日光浴 handwriting 书写 (4) 副词+名词downfall 垮台 outbreak 爆发 (5) 形容词+名词 shorthand 速记法 double-dealer 两面派 (6) 动词+名词 pickpocket 扒手 (7) 动词+副词 get-together 聚会 breakthrough 突破2. 合成形容词有很多，多数作定语，有些也可作表语。 This is the quick-service counter. 这是快速服务柜台。 They helped us to map out a long-term plan. 他们帮我们规划处长期计划。 Open-air exercises will do you good. 户外运动对你有益。Are you airsick? 你晕机吗？ He is lively and outgoing. 他活泼且外向。 合成形容词常见的构词法如下： (1) 形容词+过去分词 good-tempered 脾气好的 noble-minded 高尚的(2) 形容词+现在分词 good-looking 好看的 easy-going 随和的 (3) 名词+现在分词 peace-loving 热爱和平的 English-speaking 说英语的 (4) 名词+过去分词 state-owned 国