非谓语动词教案.docx

非谓语动词知识结构框架1. 非谓语动词的含义及种类2. 不定式的含义与作用3. 不定式的时态语态和否定形式（及主动表被动）4. 不定式的省略问题5. 不定式与疑问词的连用6. 不定式的复合结构7. 动名词的含义与作用8. 动名词的时态和语态及否定式9. 动名词复合结构用法10. 分词（现在分词和过去分词）的作用11. 分词的时态和语态12. 分词和不定式作状语的区别13. 分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别14. 非谓语动词作定语的区别15. 分词逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致的原则及独立结构的用法。课时及其内容安排分为三课时：第一课时：框架1-6第二课时：框架7-11第三课时：框架12-15第一课时内容非谓语动词的含义及种类非谓语动词依据形式的不同分为三种，即：1. to do形式；2. ving形式；3. v-ed形式。分别叫做“不定式”；“动名词/现在分词”及“过去分词。不定式的含义与作用 “to do”作用1. 作主语To know everything in such a short time is hard.注：不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往以先行词it作形式主语，而把不定式主语放在谓语部分后面。例如：It is hard to know everything in such a short time. 2. 作宾语She tried to know everything in a short time. 注：（1）下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：希望wish hope得get助help勿（恶）hate忘记forget；记得remember设法manage try装pretend学习learn；需need知know开始start begin拒refuse决定decide；宁可prefer负担afford先（想）want恭（供）offer喜like；选择choose允诺promise算intend plan同意agree等。（2）不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：I find it hard to know everything in such a short time.3. 作宾语补足语Her parents wanted her to know more.注：（1）可以用动词不定式作宾补的动词有：宾补建议advise想want, would like, like,要require,问ask；鼓励encourage邀invite助help愿prefer考虑consider；警告warn命令order强迫force期expect; 希望wish允许allow permit得get告诉tell。（2）表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）4. 作定语As a young man, he has a lot to know. 注：（1）不定式作定语，通常要放在这些被修饰的词后，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。如：I have a lot of knowledge to know.（动宾关系）He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）（2）如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。如： I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字)5. 作表语To know everything is to know nothing.注：不定式作表语与表示将来的“be+不定式”区别：前者不定式逻辑主语不是句子的主语，后者不定式逻辑主语是句子的主语。如：Her job is to deliver newspapers. (表语)You are to check the information.(将来)6. 作状语(有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to, so as to, soas to, suchas to, .enough to, tooto等)（1）The old man reads newspapers everyday to know what is happening in this world. (目的)（2）They ran to the park only to know that it had been closed. (结果)（3）The boys jumped with joy to know that their favourite football team had won the match.(原因)7. 作独立成分（略最后一起讲）不定式的时态语态和否定形式1、 不定式的时态（1） 现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：He seems to know this. He wants to know you soon. （2） 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：He seems to have known you.（3） 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：He seems to be working happily.（4） 完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.2、 不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：He was asked to be sent to work in Tibet.注：不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如： Do you have anything else to say?3、 不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.如：He seems not to know this.以do为例对不定式的时态和语态做一表格：式态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing 总结:不定式的进行时没有被动语态完成进行式to have been doing不定式的省略问题1、 在动词在动词notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看），have, let, make（三使，让），hear, listen to（二听），feel （一感）(口诀：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后作宾补，省略 to。但变为被动语态后，必须带to。 如：I saw him work. He was seen to work. 2、 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个或两个以上不定式，第二个及后面的不定式往往省去 to。如：He wants to work at Changchun and buy a house here. 但表示对照时，则不可省，如：To be or not to be that is a question. 3、 Help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth. He came to help us (to) work on the farm.4、 在rather than, other than, had better 后常不带to，如：I would rather work than sleep on the bed all day. 5、 But 和 except 前是动词 do 或do的任何形式时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。如： He wants to do nothing but work out the problem. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.6、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：He is supposed (to be) nice.7、 在cannot, cannot help but, cannot choose but之后的不定式一般不带to.如：They cannot choose but work all night. 不定式与疑问词的连用疑问词who, what, which, when, where及how, whether后加不定式可以构成一种特殊的不定式补语，它在句中可以作主语，表语宾语等。如：How to work efficiently was then the problem. I dont know where to work. 不定式的复合结构“It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth.”结构