英译汉常用方法与技巧.ppt

,省略法 省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。但省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。现从语法角度和修辞角度分别举例探讨省略法：,一、从语法角度来看 (一)省代词 1) He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable 他消瘦而憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。 2) But its the way I am，and try as I might，I havent been able to change it 但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改 变过来。,(2)泛指的英语人称代词作主语时，即使是作第一个主语，译文中往往也可以省略。 1)We live and learn 活到老，学到老。 2)You can never tell, 很难说。,2省略作宾语的代词 英语中有些作宾语的代词，不管前面是否提到过， 翻译时往往可以省略。 1) The more he tried to hide his warts，the more he revealed them 他越是要掩盖他的烂疮疤，就越是会暴露。 2) She laid her hand lightly on his arm as if to thank him for it 她轻轻地把手放在他的胳膊上，好象表示感谢。,3省略物主代词 He shrugged his shoulders，shook his head，cast up his eyes，but said nothing 他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。,(三)省略连接词 1省略并列连接词 Despite the privation，and the mounting toll of dead and wounded ，however，morale remained intact，and people still smile in the street 尽管供应不足，伤亡增加，然而士气并未受到影响。街上人们照常脸有笑容。,2省略从属连接词 (1)省略表示原因的连接词 We knew spring was coming as (because) we had seen a robin 我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了,(2)省略表示条件的连接词 If winter comes，can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗?,(3)省略表示时间的连接词 At long last，on June 6，1944，after the European war was basically decided and Hitler licked，the allies launched their long-delayed western front 一九四四年六月六日，欧洲战局基本已见分晓，希特勒 败局已定，盟军才终于迟迟开辟了西线战场。,(四)省略冠词 1)A teacher should have patience in his work 当教员的应当有耐心。(省略表示类别的不 定冠词A) 2)The horse is a useful animal 马是有益的动物。(省略表示类别的定冠词The),二、从修辞角度来看 1)University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not 报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。,(二)根据汉语习惯，译文中可以省略一些 可有可无的词。 There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of mans hands and will master them all in the end 仍然具有这种信念，普通的人要比自然 的力量或人类造出来的机器更伟大，而 且最终会控制它们。,正反、反正表达法 一、英语从正面表达，译文从反面表达 (一)动词 1）The first bombs missed the target 第一批炸弹没有击中目标。 2）Such a chance was denied me 我没有得到这样一个机会。,(二)副词 1) We may safely say so 我们这样说万无一失(或：错不了)。 2)The subversion attempts proved predictably futile 不出所料，颠覆活动证明毫无效果。,(三)形容词 1) It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given out 甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结果就不堪设想 2) His refusal is not final 他的拒绝不是不可改变的。,(四)介词 1)This problem is above me 这问题我不懂(或：我解决不了)。 2)It was beyond his power to sign such a contract 他无权签订这种合同。,(五)连接词 The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered 游击队员宁愿战斗到死，而决不投降。 (六)名词 This failure was the making of him 这次不成功是他成功的基础。,(七)短语 1) The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war. 岛民发现自己远远没有做好作战准备。 2) Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity. 双方认为，那和平建议是一个他们可以接受而 不失体面的建议。,(八)句子 1) He was 75，but he carried his years lightly 他七十五岁了，可是并不显老。 2) My guess is as good as yours 我和你一样不知道,二、英语从反面表达，译文从正面表达 (一)动词 英语中有些作反面表达的动词在译文中往往可以从正面表 达，这并不困难，如demobilize“复员“，unfasten“解开“，displease“使人生气“，等等。 The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations 虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。,(二)副词 Many agreed that the Prime Minister had in effect resigned dishonorably 许多人认为首相辞职实际上是很丢面子的。 (三)形容词 1) He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。 2) All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。,(四)名词 1) It was said that someone had sown discord among them. 据说有人在他们中间搞挑拨离间。 2) He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business。 他对他的父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。,(五)短语 1) Dont lose time in posting this letter。 赶快把这封信寄出去 2) Students，with no exception，are to hand in their papers this afternoon 今天下午学生统统要交书面作业.,(六)句子 1)The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us 这些事件引起了我们的重视。 2)Such flights couldnt long escape notice 这类飞行迟早会被人发觉的。,Exercise:用反面表达法处理下列句中的斜体部分: 1.I have failed to convince him of his error.,我没有能够说服他, 使他知道自己的错误.,2. Appearances are deceptive.,外表是靠不住的,3.But thats very extraordinary. It seems against nature.,不过这种事情很不平常, 似乎不符合自然规律.,4. The pioneers made light of difficulties and dangers.,拓荒者不避艰险.,5. She kept to her room all day.,她终日足不出户.,6. It had