汉语无主句的翻译(讲义).doc

113无主句的翻译(P46-50)汉语里有众多的无主句，而英语里通常都用完整的句子。翻译这类句子时，要根据不同的情况，有时要添加主语，有时要变换句型和句式。1. 译成被动句(1) 译成原宾语做主语的被动句- “by”引出做某事的人或东西，或介绍做某事的方法。-“By” introduces what (or how) something is done by or method by which something is done-为了确保乘客的人身安全，必须检查乘客随身携带的每一件行李。-Each piece of luggage carried by the passengers must be examined to make sure of their safety.(2) 译成“It +动词被动语态+（状语）+连接代词/连接副词+to do”或 “It +动词被动语态+连接代词/连接副词引导的名词性从句”-是否在这里修建水坝还没有决定。-It is not yet decided whether to build the dam here.-下次会议将讨论我们是否接受他的报价。-It will be discussed at the next meeting whether we should accept his offer or not.-尚未决定何时交货。-Its not been settled yet when the goods should be delivered.(3) 译成”There + 动词被动语态+主语+（状语）”译成引导词There后面使用及物动词被动语态，再接主语这样一种特殊形式。-在离岸不远的地方可以找到那条船的一些线索。-There can be found some remains of the wrecked ship near the shore.-世界上已经建造了一些了不起的机器来从受控核聚变中发电。-There have been built in the world some remarkable machines to produce electricity from controlled thermonuclear fusion.2. 译成SP2句型主语+不及物动词+（状语）引导词There+be/v.i/相当于v.i.的短语动词+S”这类SP2句型常用来翻译汉语无主句。-没有绝对完善的导体。-There are not any perfect conductors.-有两类计算机，即数字式和模拟式。-There are two kinds of computers-digital and analog.-明天肯定要举行开幕式。-Theres sure to be an opening ceremony tomorrow.-每个气象站都设置了记录日照小时、风速和风向的专门仪器。-There stand special devices to record hours of sunshine, wind velocity and wind direction at each weather station.-在电子技术领域里出现了一些新的想法。-There emerged some new ideas in the field of electronic technology.-他们之间逐渐形成了同志友谊。-There grew up a feeling of comrade-ship between them.3. 译成由it担任形式主语的SP1句或SP2句-可以预先知道零件在什么时候会因疲劳而损坏吗？-Is it possible to know ahead of time when a part will fail because of fatigue?-这是因为，用小数代替分数时，容易进行各种运算。-This is because it is easier to perform the various mathematical operations if decimals are used instead of fractions.-接受器官移植的病人免疫系统受到抑制后能否会感染其他疾病要视情况而定。-It (all) depends whether a suppressed immune system puts a transplant recipient at risk of other infections. -不言而喻，各国的经济发展要受到资源和环境的制约。-It goes without saying that the economic development of everycountry in the world is restricted by resources and environment. 4. 选用适当的名词或代词补译作主语-已知物体的重量和比重，就能求出体积。-Given the weight and the specific gravity of a body, we can calculate its volume.-请转动旋钮直到屏幕上的图像清晰为止。-Turn the knob until you get a clear picture on the screen.-使用本机前，请仔细阅读说明书。-Before you begin to work the instrument, first read the instruction carefully.-三年内要研究和发展激光物理学、激光光谱学和非线性光学。解决光通讯中一系列的科学技术问题。迅速提高常用激光器的水平，加强探测器的研究。-We will study and develop laser physics, laser spectroscopy and non-linear optics in the next three years. We should solve a series of scientific and technological problems in optical communications, raise the level of the routine laser quickly and intensify our studies of detectors.*无主句的译法是多种多样的。例如有些带有状语的无主句，翻译时就可能采用与上述译法不同的方法。例如：-要是没有广阔的工程领域里所拥有的种种技术的话，那么，绝不可能有今天的文明。-Without the skills included in the broad field of engineering, our present-day civilization could never have evolved.-为了了解人们当今所处的环境，并使自己能适应这种环境，就要求具有一定的科学素养。-To understand ones environment today and to be able to adapt oneself to it demand some appreciation of the scientific attitude.-要了解科学研究最本质的