上海高考英语十选九解题技巧.ppt

上海高考英语十选九,-would,从2008年起，词汇的考查放在了语篇中，着重强调语法和词汇知识在特定情景中的应用。试卷10道词汇题以10选9的方式分别考察了名词，动词，形容词，副词还包括现在分词和过去分词的形式。把词汇的考查放在了语言环境中，不是单纯的考查词汇，文章题干均清晰明了，并提供了足够的上下文支撑供考生答题。同时，词汇题的难度分布也较为合理，确保了各个层次的考生都能得分。因此，情景理解和语言运用的味道比较浓厚，注重考查理解能力和逻辑推理能力的试题较多。,题型特征,1、选词填空的特点 1) 文章不会太长(300词左右)；一般来说第一句是文章主题句并且不设空；一般每隔1530个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群。文章中会挖出九个空，但是给出了十个单词，让学生选择填空使文章完整，这就是新题型轮廓。 2) 方框中词汇难度不高，文章难度要略低于阅读理解难度。实际上是将词汇的使用和完形阅读紧密结合的一道题目。,2、选词填空的考点 1) 词汇方面以实词为主也就是指名词、动词、形容词、副词。 2) 语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力。 3) 逻辑方面考察上下文联系,解题步骤 第一步：详读选项，词分类 选项中的10个词是考查的关键，考生应该详细的理解这10个单词。熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律排列在试卷上。这样做考生就可以不再是10选1了，只要根据上下文的逻辑关系或者语法结构，有时候可以是3选1甚至2选1，缩小了选择的范围，降低了试题的难度。,注意： 1. 动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词有两种可能性(形容词和动词的过去分词), 无法确定时标问号。 2. 不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中, 前缀区分意思, 后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法确定的, 暂时搁置。 3. 做出相应的标记。在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的visit、access、approach、challenge、 change等就即有名词词性又有动词词性。 这时两个都要标出来。,4以-ing或-ed 结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。,第二步：略读全文，定中心 第三步：瞻前顾后，灵活选 第四步：复核检查，定结果,解题技巧 （一）判断词性的技巧 前面提到的“瞻前顾后”就是需要考生根据空格的前后来决定所填词的词性以及应填的正确选项，我们可以根据一些简单的语法知识确定答案。应该说语法知识是解词汇理解题的基础。 1. 确定空格为名词 (1) a /an/the n. , adj. n. , vt. n. , 即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词； (2) n. v., 即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)；,(3) prep. n., 即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。,2. 确定空格为动词 (1) n./pron. vt. n./pron., 即空格前面已有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词； (2) n./pron. vi. , 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词； (3) n./pron. vi. adv./prep., 即空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配；,(4) n./pron. link v./be. adj., 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词； (5) to v. , 即空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。 3. 确定空格为形容词 (1) adj. n. 或n. adj. , 即空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词； (2)adv. adj. , 即空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填入形容词； (3) link/be v. adj.,即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。,4. 确定空格为副词 (1) adv. v. 或v. adv. , 即空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词； (2) adv. adj., 即空格处后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词。,（二）利用逻辑关系词确定答案,在篇章词汇理解题目中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通过一些逻辑关系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关系词来确定出一些答案。 常见的逻辑关系词如下： (1) 并列关系：and , or, as well as 等 (2) 对比关系：but , however , on the contrary , rather than 等 (3) 比较关系：asas , like , similar 等,(4) 因果关系：because , for , since , as a result of , therefore , thus 等 (5) 举例关系：for example , for instance , such as ， and so on 等 (6) 递进关系：and , whats more , moreover , in addition 等,2009年上海市高考真题 A. contents B. taking C. carefully D. plastic E. packaging F. declined G. freely H. typical I. contracts J. registered If the package looks pretty, people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine. Justin Gignac,26, has sold almost 900 41 presented plastic boxes of rubbish from the street of Big Apple at between 50 and 100 each. Buyers from 19 countries have paid for the souvenirs（纪念品）. The idea has been so successful that he is thinking of promoting it around the world. It all began when Mr Gignac was at a summer workshop, “We had a discussion about the importance of 42 ,”he recalls.” Someone said packaging was unimportant. I disagreed. The only way to prove it was by selling something nobody would ever want.” He searches the streets of Manhattan and typical 43 include broken glass, subway tickets, Starbucks cups and used 44 forks. “Special editions” are offered at a high price. He charged 100 for rubbish from the opening day of the New York Yankees stadium. Mr Gignac denies 45 his customers for fools: “They know what theyre getting. They appreciate the fact that theyre taking something nobody would want and finding beauty in it.” Some 46 customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down-to-earth souvenir. He claims he has even sold to art collectors. Realizing that the concept appears to be a real money-maker, Mr Gignac has 47 a company and is employing his girlfriend as vice president. He 48 to discuss his profit margins: “Its actually quite a lot of effort putting them together-but yes, garbage is free.” Mr Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed 49 with people interested in similar projects from as far as Berlin an