工商管理专业PPT英语课件Unit 3 What are Organiza.ppt

1,Unit 3 What are Organizations?,2,Glossary,beast bi:st n. 兽、畜生、凶残的人 organization .:gnaizein n. 组织、机构 v. organize 组织、安排 e.g. Since this article concerns events in organizations, it might be a good idea to consider briefly the nature of the beast. 由于本文关注的是组织中的事件，因此最好来简单考虑一下事物的本质。,3,Glossary,invention invenn n. 发明、发明物 v. invent 发明、捏造 e.g. Organizations are social inventions for accomplishing goals. 组织是为了实现目标的社会产物。,4,Glossary,contrivance kntraivns n. 发明、发明的才能、想出的办法 e.g. The plain and simple fact is that organizations are, by definition, social inventions or contrivances. 简单而清楚的事实是，从定义上看，组织是社会的发明或产物。,5,Glossary,patronage ptrnid n. 赞助、光顾、任免权 e.g. However, if your favorite restaurant or tavern closes its doors due to lack of patronage, it ceases to be an organization. 然而，如果你最喜欢的饭店或酒馆由于缺少客人光顾而关门，那么它就不再是一个组织了。,6,Glossary,impact impkt,impkt n. 影响、冲击力 v. 冲击、撞击、产生影响 e.g. Particular technologies have an important impact on the behavior that occurs in organizations. 特定的技术对发生在组织中的行为有重要影响。,7,Glossary,perspective pspektiv n. 看法、远景、透视 adj. 透视的 e.g. This perspective suggests that organizational behavior is pervasive, and that its study is basic to the understanding of any organization. 这种看法认为组织行为是普遍的，对它的研究是理解任何组织的基础。,8,Glossary,association .susiein n. 联合、结合、协会 v. associate 联想、联合、交往 e.g. There are organizations (such as neighborhood associations) that exist without balance sheets, capital assets, financial plans, or formal marketing strategies, but not without people. 有些组织的存在是没有资产负债表、资本资产、财务计划或者正式的营销战略（如邻里协会），但是不能没有人。,9,Glossary,very veri adv. 很、完全、是（用于强调） adj. 恰好的、真正的 whim wim n. 一时的兴致、奇想 fancy fnsi n. 幻想、想象力 v. 想象 adj. 华丽装饰的、引人注目的 e.g. In fact, one of the very reasons that our society supports the formation of organizations is to ensure that “the work gets done”, independent of the whim and fancy of specific individuals. 事实上，我们的社会支持组织形成的其中一个原因正是为了保证“工作得以完成”，而不是依靠某个人一时的兴致或幻想。,10,Glossary,achieve ti:v v. 完成、达到、实现 e.g. In fact, when we speak of the overall performance or effectiveness of an organization, we are usually referring to how well it achieves such goals. 事实上，当我们说到组织的整体绩效或有效性时，我们通常指的是它如何实现这些目标的。,11,Glossary,soul sul n. 灵魂、精神、人 e.g. Nonprofit organizations have goals such as saving souls, curing the sick, or educating people. 非营利组织也有目标，如救人、治疗病患或者育人。,12,Glossary,guideline gaidlain n. 指导方针、准则 e.g. How are such vague official goals translated to guidelines for organizational activities? 这些模糊的组织目标是如何转化为组织活动的准则的？,13,Glossary,bridge brid v. 架桥、渡过、缩短差距 n. 桥梁、纽带 gap gp n. 缺口、差距、空白 v. （使）豁开 e.g. It has been proposed that operative goals are developed to bridge this gap. 有人提出制定运营目标来填补这个空白。,14,Glossary,by virtue of v:tu: 由于、依靠 e.g. These goals, which may reflect the modification or even subversion of official goals by internal interest groups, guide organizational activities by virtue of their specificity. 这些反应了内部利益集团对组织目标的修改甚至破坏的目标由于其特征而用来指导组织的活动。,15,Glossary,survival svaivl n. 生存、幸存、幸存者 v. survive 幸免于难、存活 e.g. One important, although often implicit, official goal of virtually all organizations is survival. 重要的一点是，虽然往往比较含蓄，但是几乎所有组织的组织目标都是生存。,16,Glossary,behavior biheivj n. 行为、举止、习性 反义：misbehavior n. 粗鲁行为,品行不端 v.表现，行为，举止 e.g. There are several behaviors that appear to be necessary for an organizations survival to be assured. 有一些行为对保证组织的生存是必需的。,17,Glossary,subset sbset n. 子集 e.g. These organizational behaviors are important because they represent a subset of people-related operative goals which help guide organizations in achieving other operative goals. 这些组织行为很重要因为他们代表了一个与人有关的运营目标的子集，这个子集能帮助指导组织实现其他的运营目标。,18,Glossary,maintenance meintinns n. 维修、维护、保持 e.g. The maintenance of a work environment that is satisfying to present members and attractive to potential members. 工作环境的维持要能满足现有成员并能吸引潜在成员。,19,Glossary,turnover t:n.uv n. 流动、流通量 e.g. A reasonable level of turnover from the organization. 组织中人员流动的合理水平。,20,Glossary,efficiency ifinsi n. 效率、功率 adj. efficient 效率高的、胜任的 e.g. Sometimes this coordination is a matter of efficiency rather than absolute necessity. 有时这种协调是效率问题而不是绝对的必要性。,21,Glossary,intellectual .intilektul adj. 智力的、聪明的 n. intellect 智力、理智、才智非凡的人、知识份子 limitation .limitein n. 限制、限度、缺点 v. / n. limit 限制、限定 e.g. Individuals have intellectual and physical limitations which can only be overcome by organized group effort. 人在智力上和体力上的限制只能通过组织群体的努力而克服。,22,Glossary,chart t:t n. 图表、规划图、排行榜 v. 绘制图表、规划 e.g. First, much of the work done in organizations is quite literally performed by groups, whether they are short-term task forces or formal work groups shown on an organizational chart. 第一，组织中的大部份工作可以毫不夸张地说是由群体完成的，无论是短期工作队或是在组织表格中标明的正式工作群体。,23,Glossary,predict pridikt v. 预言、预报、预知、预测 e.g. We are therefore interested in predicting and explaining the functioning of these groups and controlling them so that they function effectively. 因此我们对预测和解释这些群体的功能产生兴趣，并控制他们从而让他们有效地发挥作用。,24,Glossary,charter t:t n. 营业执照、宪章、特许 e.g. Such goals have been referred to as official goals, and one finds evidence of their existence in charters, annual reports, and official public pronouncements by organizational representatives. 这些目标指的是组织目标，并且可以从营业执照、年度报告和由组织代表发布的组织公开声明中找到其存在的证据。,25,What are Organizations?,An organization is a social group which distributes tasks fo