couldhavedone用法详解.docx

could have done 用法详解1. 表示主观猜测：即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能（已经)”，有时需根据具体语境来翻译。如：Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。We knew he couldnt have paid for it, because he had no money. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱。该用法也可将could换成can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为can表推测时不用于肯定句（而could可以用于肯定句）。如：Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗？They cant have gone out because the lights on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。2. 表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能力”等。如：The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。有时用于反语。如：Youve broken my penthanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了你得了吧，就那我自己也会弄。3. 表示未实现的可能性：即表示过去本来可能发生情况，而实际上没有发生，通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。如：She could have been seriously injured. 她本来可能伤得很重的。Its difficult enough, but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了，本来可能会更糟呢。有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”，尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时。如：She felt miserable. She could have cried. 她感到很痛苦，她差点哭了。Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody could have been hurt. 你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外呢？好在没有砸伤人。4. 表示未曾实现的想法：即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图，但实际上没有实现，通常译为“本来可以”。如：I could have lent you the money. Why didnt you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出？I could have given you some hints, but I suppose you thought yourself too grand. 我本可以给你点提示的，但是我认为你太自负了。5. 表示未曾实现的选择：即表示过去本来可以有机会选择做某事，但实际上没有那样做，通常译为“本来可以”。如：You neednt have typed it twice. You could have used a carbon. 你没必要打两遍的，你当时本可以用复写纸打。You neednt have walked up; you could have taken the lift. 你没必要走着上去，你本来可以乘电梯的。6. 表示批评或责备：即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的，但实际上却没有做成，含有批评和责备的意味，通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”等。如：You could have started a little earlier. 你本可早点动身的。You could have helped mewhy did you just sit and watch? 你本来可以帮我一把嘛为什么你只是坐在那儿观望呢?7. 表示可能达到的极限：表示即使人们尽力而为去做某事，但还是未能做成，通常用于否定句。如：I couldnt have won, so I didnt go in for the race. 反正我也赢不了，所以我就没有参加赛跑。I couldnt have enjoyed myself moreit was a perfect day. 我玩得没法再痛快了这一天简直痛快极了。8. 表示惊讶：表示对所发生的情况感到惊奇，含有“竟然”的意味。如：It seems inconceivable that the accident could have happened so quickly. 这一事故发生得这么快，简直不可思议。Well, Im blowed! I should never have thought you could have done it. 真想不到! 我从未想到居然办得到。9. 用于虚拟语气：在虚拟条件句中，当谈论过去的情况时，其句型通常是：主句用“could / would / should /might +have+过去分词”，从句用过去完成时。如：If he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do. 如果他了解事实，他是可能告诉我们怎样做的。If anybody had asked me, I could have told them what happened. 如果有谁问过我，我可以告诉他们发生了什么情况。10. 用于口语惯用表达：如用于I could have sworn，表示“我可以发誓”