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探討蔓越莓對預防泌尿道感染 之成效,外科組:趙美珍.陳麗麗.江雪黛. 陳秀鉛.郁文棋.林步鴻,動機 目的 EBN問題與步驟 文獻評讀 結論 討論,大綱,全院感染率1-6月份以泌尿道感染率為最高: 1.68 0/00 外科病房的泌尿道感染率有偏高的趨勢 95年1-6月9A病房4.1 0/00 醫生常常告訴病人多喝蔓越莓汁 醫院製作的衛教單張也衛教病人多喝蔓越莓汁 但究竟應喝多少? 有何效果? 院內護理之家住民有長期食用蔓越莓汁之情形,why?,動機,目的,經由EBN之實證精神,探索神奇的蔓越莓,透過文獻蒐集與評讀: 瞭解蔓越莓功效為何? 如何實際地運用在臨床上?,目的,Step 1: 整理出一個可以回答的問題 Step 2: 尋找文獻證據 Step 3: 嚴格評讀文獻 Step 4: 應用於病人身上 Step 5: 對過程進行稽核,實證五步驟,蔓越莓對預防泌尿道感染的成效?,Step 1: 整理出一個可以回答的問題,名詞解釋,蔓越苺:又稱小紅莓,(cranberry,學名Vaccinium macrocarpon) 蔓生植物漿果,正圓球體約1公分大小,呈紅、暗紅色,表面平滑富光澤。 原產地及大面積耕種的地區是北美及加拿大,主要的產季在九月及十月左右。,MoweryDB : The scientific vlidation of herbal Medicine New Canaan Conn :Keats Pub ,1986:316,2. 泌尿道感染(Urinary Tract Infection) 有症狀的泌尿道感染(Symptomatic) 無症狀菌尿症(Asymptomatic),出處 :.tw/file/38694_7029398148院內感染定義.,名詞解釋,有症狀的泌尿道感染,症狀:發燒、急尿、小便困難、恥骨上 壓痛 具有尿路感染的症狀任一項且尿液培養-菌落數每毫升大於或等於十萬個 (colony count 105ml),尿液培養之微生物七天內連續兩次相同方式 取得之尿液標本,連續兩次相同,菌落數每 毫升大於或等於十萬個,無症狀的菌尿症,Step 2: 尋找文獻證據,Step 3: 嚴格評讀文獻,研究證據的價值取決於其品質及效度 評讀文獻的黃金標準中,以雙盲隨機對照臨床試驗得出的結果為最佳證據等級,The Evidence Pyramid 臨床研究證據等級,證據等級,-US Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Classification (AHCPR, 1992,文獻推薦等級,Develop by JBI,文獻評讀,文獻評讀,文獻查證 蔓越莓對預防泌尿道感染作用機轉,尿液酸化一直被認為是蔓越莓預防尿道感染的主要作用,但是經過許多的研究後證實這只是蔓越莓的作用之一。 蔓越莓汁中分離而得的濃縮單寧酸(condensed tannins) ,或稱初花青素(proanthocyanidins),發現其具有特殊的抗黏附活性成份,能抑制大腸桿菌E.coli 的P型纖毛黏附於尿道細胞上。,Lowe ,F.C. (2001),每100g蔓越莓汁成分 Water(%). 92.9 Solid r(%) 7.1 Calories 27 Total carbohydrate (g) 6.8 Sugar (g) .3.7 Dietary fiber (g).0.1 Protein (g) 0.1 Fat (g) 0.1 Mineral Sodium(mg)3.8 potassium(mg)85.2 calcium(mg) .6.8 iron(mg) 0.33 Vitamin C(mg)2 PH2.5,其他的成分還包括: 類黃酮(flavonoids) 、 前花青素(proanthocyanidins)、兒茶素(catechin),Lowe ,F.C. (2001),Role of Cranberry Juice on Molecular-Scale Surface Characteristics and Adhesion Behavior of Escherichia coli,BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, VOL. 93, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 5, 2006,Yatao Liu, Matthew A. Black, Lizabeth Caron, Terri A. Camesano,文獻查證 蔓越莓對預防泌尿道感染作用機轉,RESULT & DISCUSSION,Exposure to cranberry juice resulted in a decrease in the equilibrium length of the p-fimbriae on the surface of E. coli Cranberry juice blocks adhesive action of P-fimbriae (proanthocyanidin) Cranberry juice causes loss of expression of P-fimbriae,年份:1995 篇名:Efficacy of cranberry in prevention of urinary tract infection in a susceptible pediatric population. 作者:Foda MM, Middlebrook PF, Gatfield CT, Potvin G, Wells G, Schillinger JF.Can J Urol;2:98-102 收案族群:40/21位診所小朋友,有神經性膀胱 並需間歇性導尿(平均9.35歲),文獻評讀-1,文獻查證 相關研究(一),實驗設計 :單盲(醫師)、交叉設計 措施:每天15ml/kg cranberry 雞尾酒汁(成分30),持續6個月cranberry 雞尾酒汁,6個月水 結果:有症狀的上泌尿道感染 - cranberry:19/112 months(17) - Placebo:20/117 months(17.1) 無症狀的上泌尿道感染 -Cranberry:27/112 months(24.1) -Placebo:34/117 months(29),AHCPR文獻等級 : II a,年份:1999 篇名:Effect of cranberry juice on bacteriuria in children with neurogenic bladder receiving intermittent catheterization. J Pediatr 1999;135:698-702. 作者:Schlager TA, Anderson S, Trudell J, Hendley JO. 收案族群:15/15小朋友,有神經性膀胱並需間 歇性導尿(2-18歲),文獻查證 相關研究(二),實驗設計 :隨機/Double blind/交叉設計 措施:每天300cc cranberry(成分30),控制組:Placebo controlled(安慰劑)看起來和嚐起來相似的果汁,持續3個月cranberry juice,持續3個月安慰劑 結果:有症狀的上泌尿道感染 - Cranberry:3 times UTI In 2 children -Placebo:3times UTI In 3 children 無症狀的上泌尿道感染 -Cranberry:120/160 months(75) -Placebo:114/151months(75),AHCPR文獻等級 : I a,年份:2002 篇名: randomized trial to evaluate effectiveness and cost effectiveness of naturopathic cranberry products as prophylaxis against urinary tract infection in women. Can J Urol 2002;9:1558-62. 作者:Walker EB, Barney DP, Mickelsen JN, Walton RJ, Mickelsen RA Jr. 收案族群:19/10有性交活動的女性(28-44歲) 收案條件: 未懷孕有性交活動的女性(18-45歲) 有過UTI病史,文獻查證 相關研究(三),實驗設計:Double blind/交叉設計 措施:Cranberry錠劑(400mg)控制組:Placebo (安慰錠劑持續3個月cranberry 錠劑,持續3個月安慰錠劑 ) 結果:有症狀的上泌尿道感染 -Cranberry:6times UTI -Placebo:15times UTI,AHCPR文獻等級 : II a,年份: 2005 題目: Dose ingestion of cranberry juice reduce symptomatic urinary tract infection In older people in hospital ? 作者: MarionE.T.Mcmurdo, LINDA Y.BISSETT,ROSEMARY J.G.PRICE,GABBY PHILLIPS,LAIN K,CROMBIE,文獻評讀-5,文獻查證 相關研究(四),對象:376 在醫院的老年人 方法:隨機、雙盲 措施:隨機給予300ml/day cranberry juice or matching placebo beverage 結論:no significant differences were found between treatment group,AHCPR文獻等級 : I a,Tero Kontiokari, Kaj Sundqvist, M Nuutinen, T Pokka, M Koskela and M Uhari BMJ2001;322;1571,Randomized trial of cranberry-lingo berry juice and lactobacillus GG drink for the prevention of urinary tract infections in women,文獻查證 相關研究(五),AHCPR文獻等級 I a,(一),(二) This is a 20% reduction in absolute risk in the cranberry group compared with the control group,P. Di Martino A R. Agniel A K. David A C. Templer J. L. Gaillard A P. Denys A H. BottoPublished online: 6 January 2006 Springer-Verlag 2006,Reduction of Escherichia coli adherence to uroepithelial bladder cells after consumption of cranberry juice,文獻查證 相關研究(六),(一),AHCPR文獻等級 :1a,(二) INTRODUCTION,ZafririD,ofek I,Pocino M,Sharon N(1989) inhibitory activity of cranberry juice on adherence of type 1and type p fimbriated E coli to eukaryotic cells,(三) 成份比較,Cranberry juice Placebo Calories (Kcal) 41.6 42.7 Total carbohydrates (g) 10.4 10.7 Ascorbic acid (mg) 63 63 Total organic acids (g) 1.8 1.6 Total phenolics (mg) 179 161 Total anthocyanidins (mg) 9.3 42 Proanthocyanidins (mg) 40 ND,(四)Result Anti-adherence activity of the cranberry juice: comparison of the regimens, means for the 20 volunteers and 6 types of E coli strains,(四)Result,No significant differences in the pH or specific gravity between the urine samples collected after cranberry or placebo consumption. We observed a dose dependent significant decrease in bacterial adherence associated with cranberry consumption.,Reduction of bacteriuria and pyuria after ingestion of Cranberry juice,Avorn,jerry Md; JAMA,271(1o).March9,1994.751-754,文獻查證 相關研究(七),(一),AHCPR文獻等級 :1a,METHOD,Ocean spray cranberry Bacterial culture Antibiotic sensitivity 外觀顏色(使用糖精) 瓶蓋每月收集一 次 教導中間尿,Results,Escherichal coli was the most commonly identified organism (43% of isolates), with Klebsiella the second most common single organism (7%); mixed flora accounted for 22% of bacteriuric-pyuric urine samples.,Placebo group,Cranberry group,Result The difference was not present in the first month,INFECTED URINE SAMPLES%,Result,We did not find evidence that urinary acidification was responsible for the observed effect, since the median pH of urine samples in the cranberry group (6.0) was actually higher than that in the experimental group (5.5),8,Result,Demonstration of the capacity of cranberry beverage to reduce the occurrence of bacteriuria with pyuria in elderly women dose lend credence to the belief that it contains a substance with biologic activity in relation to the urinary tract.,Conclusions,These findings suggest that use of a cranberry beverage reduces the frequency of bacteriuria with pyuria in older women. Prevalent beliefs about the effects of cranberry juice on the urinary tract may have microbiologic justification. Jama.1994;271;751-754,COMMENT,These finding, if replicated in other settings, would suggest eviden

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