act英语语法点.docx

Punctuation Comma1. He asked the question in a loud voice, but no one answered.（句子，连词+句子）2. They travel on water in this simple but versatile boat.（在这个句子里，but连接一个句子里的两个成分，说到底还是在一个句子里，所以不用逗号）3. Unfortunately, Wang couldnt come; and his absence made things difficult for us.（如果在前一个句子里有逗号了，这就要使用分号）4. The little girl likes to sing, to dance, and to act.（逗号分割几个相同的东西，相当于中文的顿号）5. Dr.Li, the chairman of the department, will speak at the meeting.（在这个句子里，Dr.Li是句子的主语，the chairman of the department是Dr.Li的补充说明的同位语， 所以要用逗号把它割开方便读者区分）6. Paolo, my Brazilian friend, was interested in music.（理由同上）7. They are surprised to hear me talk about my Brazilian friend Paolo.（my Brazilian friend是修饰Paolo的，相当于apple tree, teacher Mark, woman nurse等）8. Many volcanoes seem to be completely dormant, that is, unlikely to erupt soon.（that is是插入语，所以要使用逗号或破折号分开 ,that is, 或者 -that is-9. Not all viruses, however, straighten themselves out.（在这个句子里，主语是viruses，谓语动词是straighten。However是用在一个句子中间的，所以前面用的是逗号。而下面的例子，前后是两句独立完整的话，由以下这些 句子连词 连接，所以前面用的是句号）10. We thought the figures were correct. However, we have now discovered some errors. Hence, Therefore, Nevertheless, Moreover, He didnt work hard. Thus he was fired. Otherwise, Besides,11. These same computer users are more likely to wait until these problems get too bad to manage.（until连接的分句在后，所以标点符号原则是 主句连词引导一个分句。 连词引导一个分句，主句）12. Its nice to know that Joes Lunch Bucket. And its neighborly ambience are just a short walk away.A. No Change B Bucket, and C Bucket and D Bucket;如果选择B，意思为很高兴知道那个叫做Joes Lunch Bucket的汉堡包店，而且它的亲邻氛围仅仅是一步之遥。两个完整的句子之间用and连接。标点符号没错。但是意思不是很贴切。正确答案为C。Its nice to know that (Joes Lunch Bucket and its neighborly ambience are just a short walk away.)这样意思是很高兴知道（那个叫做Joes Lunch Bucket的汉堡包店和它的亲邻氛围仅仅是一步之遥。）Dash & Colon13. Father, Mother, John and Susan- all were surprised by my announcement.14. Three causes have been given for the failure: poor planning, insufficient manpower, and the shortage of material.（前面是一句完整地话，前总后分） Grammar1. 指代要明确：Remarkably, a person learning Cherokee using the syllabary is able to read and write the language in an extremely short period of time compared to the time it takes someone to master the English language. Its use among the nations Cherokee people spread quick.改为：The syllabarys use （这是一个常考点，指代一定要明确）2. 分句里缺少主语时，它一定是和后面的主句共用一个主语例如：After sliding the shaft of the replacement feather over the sturdy, light bamboo stick, glue-just a touch-is applied.A. No change B. a touch of glue is applied by the rehabilitatorC. The application of a touch of glue followsD. The rehabilitatior applies a touch of glueAfter引导一个分句，slide这个动词使用的是现在分词形式，说明这个分句的主语与slide是主动关系，After sliding the shaft of the replacement feather over the sturdy, light bamboo stick,在这个分句里，缺少一个主语，就暗指这个分句的主语和后面的主句里的主语是一致的，所以就要在ABCD四个选项中选择一个可以和slide形成主动关系的主语，A选项是glue胶水作主语，不能和slide滑行形成主动关系。B选项是a touch of glue作主语，不能和slide滑行形成主动关系。C选项是The application of a touch of glue作主语，不能和slide滑行形成主动关系。只用D选项是The rehabilitatior修补羽毛的人作主语，能和slide滑行形成主动关系。请完成下题：同时请大家思考：你能分清主句和分句吗？ In tackling his assignment, popular ball game elements were borrowed. A. No change B.elements from popular ball games were borrowed. C. Naismith borrowed elements from popular ball games. D. Naismiths borrowing of elements from popular ball games.Etched with the names of fallen soldiers, visitors had adorned the wall with flowers and American flags left in remembrance. A. No Change B. adorning the wall were flowers and American flags that visitors had left. C. flowers and American flags adorned the walls, left by visitors. D. the wall was adorned with flowers and American flags that visitors had left. As I lay crying into my pillow, hearing the door to the dorm suite open. A No change B I was hearing C I hear D having heard3. 简单明了：Letters between the two suggest that Susan might frequently have given feedback on her work, including some of her most famous poems, composed at her home in Amherst, Massachsetts.4. 现在分词作补充说明：After Helgas death, her own children burned the hundreds of pages Helga had written through the years, leaving only a small scrapbook of newspaper clippings and very few details of Helgas life or her ill-fated trip.（After Helgas death, her own children burned the hundreds of pages Helga had written through the years,这是一个有分句，有主句的完整的复合句，后面的leave使用ing形式是补充说明前面一个完整复合句的动作所产生的结果，因为是为整个复合句作补充说明，所以要用逗号隔开）Newcomers to Joes marvel at the stack of corned beef and sauerkraut spilling from the bread onto my plate.（corned beef and sauerkraut是名词意思是牛肉末和酸菜，后面的spill是动词意思是溢出,两者是主动关系，所以要用spilling，补充说明名词牛肉末和酸菜的状态是要溢出来了。所以要紧紧跟在名词牛肉末和酸菜的后面。）请完成下题： Sarah called them “scalp specialists” and hair and beauty “culturists” using these terms to emphasize the professional nature of the treatments.A. No change B “culturists” ; using C “culturists”: using D “culturists,” usingShe contributed the largest donation to the effort to save Frederick Douglasss home,maintaining, the building as a historical museum. A no change B home,maintaining C home; maintaining D home maintaining,5.现在分词做状语：（状语一般有哪些？）Being full of surprise, I hear her crying as she runs to her room.A. No change B Since I was surprised, C Being surprised, D Much to my surprise,Being full of surprise,这个分句和后面的主句共用一个主语I,作状语。Being full of surprise，就等于 Since I was full of surprise, 以此类推，Being surprised, 就等于 Since I was surprised, ABC都是一个意思（因为我感到惊讶，我听到她哭了）所以要选择D，让我惊讶的是， Curiosity overwhelming me and I tiptoe through the common room to her still-open door.A No change B me, and I C me, I D me.ICuriosity overwhelming me 是一个现在分词构成的分句，主语是Curiosity，动词overwhelm使用ing形式构成原因状语，改成完整的分句应该是：Because curiosity overwhelms me, I tiptoe through the common room to her still-open door. 所以要选择 分句，主句。 Pupils learning his new method and architectural vocabulary, van der Rohe worked tirelessly as an educator, with only limited success. A No change B While pupils learn C To teach pupils D Pupils being taughtA D 都是分词形式，A，Pupils learning his new改为完整的句子是While pupils learnt his newD，Pupils being taught改为完整的句子是while pupils were taught B的动词时态不对，应该是过去时，ABD的意思是当学生们学习时，这个人意思不很贴切所以要选择C，为了教学生们学 Born in Kansas in 1897, Earhart broke what were then the rules for girls right from the start.Born in Kansas in 1897,是分句，和后面的主句共用一个主语Earthart，这个人出生要用被动态，改为完整的句子就应该使When he was born in Kansas in 1897, Earhart broke what. Chosen because it was then the largest inland manufacturing city in the city.because it was then the largest inland manufacturing city in the city 这是一个because引导的原因状语从句，前面的动词choose(选择)使用的是它的过去分词表达被动关系，又没主语，说明与后面的because引导的原因状语从句共用一个主语，就是it。这个由一个过去分词构成的主句改成完整的句子应该是It was chosen because it was then largest.6 如何辨别定语从句 Mies sought to cast off what he found to be one of the main problems with contemporary architecture, and overly decorative and ornamental structures with no”function” were wasteful uses of space and material.A no change B architecture that C architecture, which D architecture: that如果你选择B或C，你就把这个句子当成定语从句来看待了，也就意味着你要定前面的名词architecture，如何辨别定语从句用的是否合适，检验办法是把architecture代入这个定语从句里看看是否句子意思清楚，Mies sought to cast off what he found to be one of the main problems with contemporary architecture, which overly decorative and ornamental structures with no”function” were wasteful uses of space and material. 很明显，在这个定语从句里，architecture overly decorative and ornamental structures with no”function” were wasteful uses of space and material.意思是不清楚的，所以我们认为这里不能使用定语从句。请看以下的句子可否使用定语从句：In order to escape the oppressive Nazi regime, van der Rohe who left Germany for the United StatesI am an only child who has never been more than 30 minutes away from her parents.We attempted “canyoning,” which was our most exhilarating adventure yet!7.if 从句 8.固定词组A daughter was born to former salves Minerva and Owen.（固定词组be born to出生于谁家）All the while, I slowly taught myself more Chinese with a language. All the while, 一直，始终My project team had already taken a quick liking to me Take a liking to sb/sth (开始喜欢。)I fought off fear and cobwebs in equal measure. fight off （努力摆脱某事物） in equal measure.(相同地)in actuality (事实上) more often than not=as often as not=usually(通常)compel sb to do sth （迫使某人做某事） dissuade sb from doing sth (劝阻某人做某事)prevent sb from doing sth (劝阻某人做某事) stop sb from doing sth (劝阻某人做某事)I know I am making a complete spectacle of myself. Make a spectacle of oneself (出某人的洋相，draw attention to sb)His enthusiasm rubbed off on me.(传染给某人，传递给某人)Why is it that we are so completely obsessed with the hair on our heads?Be obsessed with sth (着迷于。)Be fed up with （厌倦。）look into sth=investigate sthmy passion for backpacking took hold many years ago. ( take hold: to become stronger and difficult to stop)watch(hear) sb doing sth watch(hear) sb do sth as such ( 从字面意义看；严格说来：)The new job is not a promotion as such, but it has good prospects.seeing as = since -A cup of tea? - I hardly think so, seeing as Im going out in about two minutes.单词：Sometimes (有时) some times (有些次) some time (一些时间) sometime (某时)reiterate (v.重申) digression (n.离题)apparently (看似，据说) visibly （可以看得见地）precious paragraph preceding sentence delete the fo