人教版英语必修7unit4重点讲解.doc

Unit 4Sharing教 材 面 面 观单词拓展1._adj.泥泞的；泥土般的_n泥；泥浆2_adj.有关的；切题的_adv.有关地_n关联；贴切3_adj.遥远的；偏僻的_adv.遥远的，间接地4_vi. & vt.调整；(使)适合_adj.可调整的_n调整；调节；校正5_vt. & vi.嗅；闻；用鼻子吸_n嗅探者；嗅探器_adj.轻蔑的6_vi.参与；参加；_n参与；参加；分享7_conj.否则；不然adv.用别的方法；其他方面8_n特权；特别优待_adj.有特权的；特许的_n享受特权者9_n安排；排列_vt. & vi.安排，整理10_vt.烤(面包等)；敬酒n烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯_n烤面包器；祝酒的人11_vt.捐赠；_n捐赠者_n捐赠；捐赠物；捐款12_adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的_n志愿者_adv.自愿地；志愿地13_vt. & n买；购买_adj.可买的；买得到的14_vt.分配；分发_n分配；分发；分布状态15_vi.工作；运转vt.操作_n操作；运转；手术_n操作人员短语回顾1.hear_接到的信2the_day 不久前的一天3dry_ (指河流、井等)干涸4adapt_ 适应5to be_ 诚实地说6get_ 通过7(be)_to 极想；渴望8dry_ (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透9in_ 在困难中；在危急中10stick_ 伸出句型背诵1.But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I _ visit a village that was the home of one of the boys, Tombe.但是上个周末，我和另一个老师，珍妮，确实拜访了一个村庄，其中一个男孩汤贝的家就在那里。2To be_，I doubt_Im_ _ _to these boys lives at all.说实在的，我真的不知道我教的课是否让这些孩子的生活有所改变。3The boys_had never_ _anything like this before started_ _ _the windows.那些从未见过这种情况的男孩子们吓得都往窗外跳去。4I know youre_ _hear all about my life here.我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况5Tombes father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hut _ out of the roofthis shows its mans house.汤贝的父亲莫卡普领着我们到了他的房子，那是一间低矮的屋顶上长满草的小竹屋，这表明它是一个男人的房子。自我诊断单词拓展1muddy；mud2.relevant；relevantly；relevance3.remote；remotely4.adjust；adjustable；adjustment5.sniff；sniffer；sniffish6.participate；participation7.otherwise8.privilege；privileged；privileger9.arrangement；arrange10.toast；toaster11.donate；donator；donation12.voluntary；volunteer；voluntarily13.purchase；purchasable14.distribute；distribution15.operate；operation; operator短语回顾1from2.other3.up4.to5.honest6.through7dying8.out9.need10.out句型背诵1did2.honest；whether；making any difference3.who；come across；jumping out of4.dying to5.sticking考 点 串 串 讲重点单词1.relevant adj.有关的；切题的；有实际价值的His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.他的国籍与他是否是一位好律师无关。Any relevant information should be given to the police.任何有关的情况都必须汇报给警方。用法拓展(1)be relevant to与有关(2)a relevant suggestion/question/point相关的提议/问题/观点(3)be irrelevant to sth./sb.与某人/物不相关(4)totally/completely/largely irrelevant完全/绝对/基本上无关紧要(5)irrelevant remarks不相关的言论(6)relevance n关联，贴切，中肯(7)relevantly adv.有关地；切题地(8)irrelevant adj.无关的；不切题的This type of university course is no longer relevant to todays problem.这类大学课程与当今问题的关系而论已不再有实际价值。即境活用单项填空Madame, since you have witnessed the whole accident, why not tell us the _ details?AconnectedBfurtherCseparated DrelevantThe professor sometimes makes remarks that are not _ to the topic.Aassociate BrelevantCdependent Dconnect答案：DB2purchase vt. & n买，购买；购买的物品The purchase of a car should never be a hasty matter.购买汽车决不能匆忙行事。If you are not satisfied with your purchase, we will give you a full refund.所购之物若不合意，我们将全额退款。Please ensure that you purchase your ticket in advance.请您务必提前购票。用法拓展(1)purchase a new house买一栋新房子(2)get a house on a hire purchase分期付款购买房子(3)purchase price买价(4)make a purchase采购(5)proof of purchase购物凭证(6)purchase sth.(from sb.)向采购(7)purchasing n购买，采购(8)the companys purchasing manager采购经理(9)purchasing power购买力(10)purchaser n购买人，采购人员，买主(11)on special purchase特价购买(12)purchase and sale买卖(13)leave sb. to his purchase让某人自谋生路(14)live on ones purchase自谋生计，自找活路They purchased life at the expense of honour.他们以牺牲名誉为代价换得了生命。Peoples purchasing power is going down in the economic crisis.在经济危机中，人们的购买力下降。特别提醒purchase可作动词，指“购买，努力取得，换得”；也可作名词，指“购买；购得物”。purchase比buy正式。即境活用单项填空He gave his son some money for the _ of his school books.ApressureBpurchaseCpromotion Dpractice答案：B3distribute vt.分发；分配This species of butterfly is widely distributed over our country.这种蝴蝶在我国分布很广。用法拓展(1)distribute v分发give out(2)spread散布(3)distribution n分发；分配；分布状态They studied the geographical distribution of the disease.他们研究了该疾病的地理分布情况。Ross supervised the distribution of food and clothing to the flood victims.红十字会监督分配食物和衣物给水灾受害者。易混辨析assign, distribute和divide这些动词均含“分配，分发”之意。(1)assign指按照某种原则进行的硬性分配，也不一定是很公平的。(2)distribute通常指以整体或定量分为若干份来分配。(3)divide普通用词，侧重将某物分成若干份分配给他人，当某物一分为二时，含平均分配之意。即境活用单项填空The mayor will _ the prizes among the winners.AsendBspreadCdistribute DhandA much better way must be found to achieve an equal _ of the resources.Adistribution BcontributionCcatalogue Dseparation答案：CA4operate vt.&vi.运转；操作；经营，管理；vi.开刀，(对)动手术The doctor decided to operate at once.医生决定立刻动手术。No matter which machine he operates，he operates it carefully.不管他操作哪一台机器他都细心地操作。We still had to operate on a shoestring.我们仍得小本经营。用法拓展operate on给做手术；产生作用operation n操作，运转，经营；手术be in operation生效中come into operation生效bring sth. into operation使生效即境活用单项填空This is the patient_the famous doctor has just operated.AwhoBwhomCon who Don whom翻译句子The medicine will quickly operate on such patients._该计划何时开始生效？_答案：D这种药很快就会在这种病人身上起作用。When does the plan come into operation?5donate vt.&vi.捐赠，赠送He donated to cancer research.他捐款支持癌症的研究工作。They give a concert and donate the proceeds to charity.他们举办了一次音乐会，把收入捐给了慈善机构。More than 100 fighters hurried to the scene to donate their blood.有100多名战士赶到现场献血。用法拓展donate to捐赠；赠送易混辨析donate与contributedonate v主要指捐物、捐钱。contribute vjoin in others in giving help，money，etc.(to a common cause，for a purpose)主要指和其他人一起捐物、捐钱，是其中的一部分。help to bring about；write(articles，etc)and send in还有“促成、投稿”等含义。即境活用完成句子He_(投稿)“21st Century” every month.答案：contributes to6participate vi.参与，参加；分享，分担She actively participates in local politics.她积极参与本地政治活动。I participate in your suffering and joy.我跟你同甘共苦。用法拓展participate with sb. in sth.与某人分担participate in sth.take part in参加participate in sth. with sb.同某人参与某事participant n参加者；共享者participation n参与；分担；共享Everyone in the class is expected to participate in these discussions.希望全班同学参加这些讨论。易混辨析participate，attend，join和take part inparticipate正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。attend侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。join通用词，指加入党派、团体或游戏、活动等，join in指参加某项活动。take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工业或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。即境活用单项填空Students in our school are encourage to_more activities after class in order to broaden their knowledge.Aattend BjoinCtake part Dparticipate inAll of them thought it necessary that he_the meeting.Aattend BjoinCparticipate in Dtake part in答案：DA7otherwise adv.用别的方法；在其他方面conj.否则，不然Do as you are told，otherwise，youll be in trouble.叫你怎么做就怎么做，否则就有麻烦。Youd better go now，otherwise youll miss your train.你最好现在就走，要不然就赶不上火车了。用法拓展otherwise用作副词，译作“要不然，否则，另外，别样；在其他方面；除此之外”otherwise conj.(并列连词，同or else)否则，不然(常与虚拟语气连用)otherwise adj.另外的，别样的；其他方面的短语or otherwise“或相反的”He is noisy，but otherwise a nice boy.他爱吵闹，但在其他方面却是个好孩子。He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.他提醒了我，要不然我就会把这件事给忘了。The model is old，but otherwise the car is satisfactory.这辆车除了车型老旧以外，别的都还令人满意。Do come earlier next time，otherwise youll be punished.下次一定早点来，否则就惩罚你。Some are wise，some are otherwise.有些人贤明，有些人则不然。We welcome any comments from you，favorable or otherwise.我们欢迎你们的任何评论，赞成或不赞成的。温馨提示otherwise常用在虚拟语气中，替代非真实条件句；另外与其他副词、短语介词的区别也是高考的重点。即境活用单项填空Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer deaths and，_it is our duty to master it.Aaltogether BthereforeCotherwise DhoweverYesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise，she_something she would regret later.Ahad said BsaidCmight say Dmight have said答案：BD8adjust v调节；调整；使适合用法拓展adjust to(doing)sth.适应/习惯(做)某事adjust.to.使适应于make adjustments作调整adapt sth. to.使某物适合adapt(oneself)to使某人自己适应特别提醒以上短语中to为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语而不能接动词不定式。即境活用单项填空After much deliberation，the president decided to_her suggestion.Aadopt BadaptCadjust DadmitAfter Kate arrived in Boston，she found it was far more difficult to_living on her own.Arely on Bbegin withCcenter on Dadjust to答案：A句意为：“总经理再三考虑之后，决定采纳她的建议。”adopt“采纳，接受”，符合句意。而adapt“使适应，使适合”。admit“承认；准许入内”，adjust“调节，调整”均不符合句意，故选A。Drely on“依赖，依靠”；begin with“开始”；center on“使集中于”；adjust to“适应”，由句意知D项正确。重点短语1.stick out伸出来，突出；竖起Your hair is sticking out in the back.你脑袋后面的头发竖起来了。The doctor asked him to stick his tongue out.医生叫他把舌头伸出来。What if I stick my head out the window?如果我把头伸出车窗外，怎么样？归纳延伸stick out坚持；断言stick out like a sore thumb显得十分不自然；惹人注目stick in坚持，努力；把放入；将刺入stick to遵守，坚持；紧跟；粘住get stuck抛锚；进入僵局即境活用单项填空He is a tall man with his chest_.Astick outBstuck outCsticking out Dto stick outShe saw a rude boy _ his tongue out at his sister.Asticking BstuckCto stick Dhaving stuck答案：BA2for sure无疑The fighting was over for sure.战斗确实结束了。Do you know for sure that they will win?你肯定他们会赢吗？She wont dare do that again, and thats for sure.她不敢再干那事了，那是毫无疑问的。归纳延伸be sure of坚信，确信be sure to do一定要make sure把事情弄清楚，核实或查明某事物即境活用完成句子Our team will win the gold medal. Thats _(无疑)_(无疑)that our team will win the gold medal.答案：for sureIm sure3be dying to do.很想干某事，渴望干某事She was dying for a cigarette.她渴望一支香烟。I am dying for a visit to Disney wonderland.我真想去游览迪斯尼游乐场。She is dying to know where you have been.她渴望知道你到哪里去了。用法拓展be dying类似的结构还有：be eagerhungerlong即境活用翻译句子我非常想得到一盒巧克力。_她非常想去看展览。_答案：I am dying for a box of chocolates.She was dying to see the exhibit.4in need在困难中，在危急中We are collecting money for families in need.我们正在为有困难的家庭募捐。He is not in need of money.他不需要钱。用法拓展need doing(need to be done )需要(被)Theres no need for sb. to do sth.没必要做某事be/stand in need of有的需要at need紧急时，必要时have need of需要have need(to do something)需要/务必(做某事)There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.明天你不必早起。The flower needs watering.这花需要浇水。5the other day不久前的一天；几天前用法拓展the other end/side另一端；另一边the other way/direction相反的路/方向in those days在过去；在那些日子里one day有一天，某日some day有朝一日these days如今，现今，眼下(尤指现在的情形，行为和以前有所不同)to this day至今；直到今天(until now)特别提醒the other day意义相当于a few days ago，故多用于一般过去时中；in those days多指过去的一段时间，也用于一般过去时；one day可指过去也可指将来；some day只指“(在将来的)某一天”。these days多用于一般现在时。即境活用用所给动词的适当形式填空I_(see)her the other day.Some day I_(come)back and marry her.To this day，I still_(not know)why she did it.We_(wear)pearl necklace in those days.答案：sawwill comedont knowwore重点句式1.Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on.新鲜的青草被铺在地板上，有一个新建的台子供我和詹妮睡觉。(1)lay，laid，laid vt.放，搁；下蛋lie，lay，lain vi.躺lie，lied，lied vi.撒谎A book was lying on the ground.Do you know who laid it there?地上有一本书。你知道是谁把它放在那的吗？(2).there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on.在这句中to sleep on的逻辑宾语是platform，所以由于sleep为不及物动词，on不能省略。Can you find me a pen to write with?你能为我找一支钢笔来写字吗？Give him a chair to sit in.给他一把椅子坐。 即境活用单项填空He asked，“Can you find me a room_？”Aputting everythingBto put everythingCputting everything inDto put everything inI have a letter_，so I will go to the post office.Do you have any_？Ato post；to postBto be posted；to be postedCto post；to be postedDto be posted；to post答案：DC2But last weekend another teacher，Jenny，and I did visit a village that was the home of one of the boys，Tombe.但是上个周末，我和另一个老师，珍妮，确实拜访了一个村庄，其中一个男孩汤贝的家就在那里。句中did表示语气的强调。“do/does/did动词原形”可构成强调句，表示“的确；确实”。这种强调句中只有一般现在时和一般过去时，且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定式和疑问式。do在句中要重读。注意在祈使句中使用时，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。如：Do be careful！千万要小心！I do hope you have a merry Christmas!衷心祝福你圣诞快乐！He does speak English well.他英语说的确实很好。They did go to see you yesterday，but failed to meet you.他们昨天的确去看过你，但没见到你。温馨提示强调谓语动词，过去时用did动词原形，第三人称单数一般现在时用does动词原形，其他人称一般现在时用do动词原形。do用于祈使句时，可表达邀请对方的心意更加客气，亲切。在强调对比时经常使用。强调其他成分，通常是：it is/was被强调部分(名词/代词/介词短语/连词从句等)that。Do come in，please.别客气，请进。I did tell you，but you have forgotten it.我确实告诉你了，但是你忘了。It was at the air battle on June 8,1944 that Peter lost his life.就是在1944年6月8日的空战中，皮特牺牲了。即境活用单项填空An awful accident_，however，occur the other day.Adoes BdidChas to Dhad toIn my opinion，all Mr White_good to his students in his class at present.He is very strict in their study.Adoes does doesBdoes did doCdoes does doDdid do does答案：BC3The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a contribution toward the lives of people who really need it.你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有需要的人一项捐助。not.but.意思是“不是，而是”，连接两个表语。not.but.连接两个平行成分，当连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数按“就近一致”原则确定。Im not a student but a teacher.我不是学生而是老师。He does not work but play all day.他整天不学习只是玩耍。用法拓展not only.but(also)，either.or.，neither.nor.连接两个主语时，谓语动词按“就近一致”原则确定。as well as连接主语时，谓语动词按“就前一致”原则确定。Not he but you are wanted on the telephone.电话找的是你不是他。即境活用单项填空Not the teacher but the students_fond of watching football games.Ado BdoesCis Dare答案：D4When I reach the school grounds there are lots of “good mornings” for me from the boys，many of whom have walked a long way，sometimes up to two hours，to get to the school.当我到学校时，孩子们都对我说：“早上好！”，这些孩子中许多人都是走了相当长的路，有时多达两小时赶来学校的。句中many of whom have walked a long way是定语从句，修饰the boys。名词，数词或代词whom/which可以引导非限制性定语从句。如：Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，the price of which was very reasonable.最近我买了一个古老的中国花瓶，它的价格很合理。Therere sixty students in my class,80% of whom are from the mountain villages.我的班里有60位学生，80%来自山村。知 能 层 层 练一、单项填空1In China，people over sixtyfive can enjoy some_in public places as long as they can provide their identifications.AadvantagesBgoodCprivileges Dwelfare答案：C解析：privilege“特权，特别优待”；advantage“优点；长处”；good“好处；益处”；welfare“福利；幸福”。2The desks and the chairs can be_the height of a child.Aadded to Badjusted toCaddicted to Dled to答案：B解析：adjust指借助正当的判断或熟练的技巧“调整；调节”，以使两者互相适应。3The secretary should have all the_documents ready before the meeting begins.Aconnected BfurtherCseparated Drelevant答案：D解析：relevant documents“相关的文件”。4If most winners_a days pay to the Hope Project，then it will be hopeful.Aleave BpresentCdonate Dgive答案：C解析：donate“捐赠”，根据题意知应是“捐出一天的所得”，故选C项。give是一般用语；present指正式地颁给某人或赠送礼物；leave“留下”。5We didnt know you were in trouble at that time，_we would have given you a hand.Atherefore BhoweverCotherwise Dthough答案：C解析：otherwise是“否则”之意，暗含一种含蓄条件，其后的句子常采用虚拟语气。6The children helped to carry their mothers_from the shop to their house.Apurchases BmattersCcommodity Dgoods答案：A解析：purchase意为“购买物品”时为可数名词。7We want to encourage students to_the running of the college.Ajoin BattendCparticipate in Dparticipate答案：C解析：participate“参加；参与”后接宾语时，需加介词in。join指“加入团体或组织并成为其中一员”；attend指“出席；参加”。8We must save every drop of water in case the lake near the city_.Awill dry up Bdries upCdries off Dwill dry off答案：B解析：in case“万一；以防”，用来引导条件状语从句，通常用一般现在时表示一般将来，故排除A、D两项；dry off“弄干”；dry up“(河流、井等)干涸”。9A cup of coffee?I hardly think so，_I am going to leave in about two minutes.Athough BsinceCunless Dwhile答案：B解析：since引导表示原因的从句，表示众所周知的原因，意为“既然；因为”。10_I enjoy the book with some nice pictures，I dont have enough money to buy it.ASince BWhileCAs DIf答案：B解析：while在此引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。since表示原因；if表条件；as引导让步状语时，从句中的表语、状语等需提前。二、用方框内所给词语的适当形式填空1How long has it been since you last _ your uncle?2_ his nationality _ whether he is a good lawyer?3A bit more patience. Some day our luck will change _.4He _ this letter when he was cleaning out his writing table.5The house was out of repair and badly _ painting.6In summer, water the plants regularly and never let the soil _.7Last summer the river _ and you could walk right across it.8_， I used to feel that way myself, but you changed my mind.9This kind of desk can _ the height you need.10Go on, I can see you _ tell me all your exciting adventures.答案：1.heard from2.Is; relevant to3.for sure4.came across5.in need of6.dry out7.dried up8.To be honest9.be adjusted to10.are dying to语 法 路 路 通高考语法专题十四主谓一致知识清单一、主谓一致的三个原则1谓语受主语支配，即其形式必须随着主语单复数形式的变化而变化，叫主谓一致。主要有语法一致、意义一致、就近一致三个原则。二、主谓一致的具体运用情况2and, both.and连接的并列成分作主语，谓语动词用复数。但并列成分若指的是同一个人、事物或概念，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。3each, neither, either, none, one, other, another, much, little及复合不定代词等表示单数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用单数；many, few, several, both等表示复数意义，作主语时谓语用复数；some, all, any等既可表示复数意义也可表示单数意义，作主语时，谓语动词依具体意义而定；every.and every.结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。4more than one., many a.作主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；“more复数名词than one”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。5非谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但and连接的两个或多个不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。6由两部分构成的名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。但由a kind of, a pair of, a series of等修饰，谓语动词要与表示计量单位