定语从句全程复习.docVIP

定语从句全程复习Attributive Clause凯里一中 吴家军注：带有*的内容属于奥赛或大学内容,仅供部分同学阅读理解使用,平时可以忽略,掌握和运用常见内容即可。语法学习淡化名称,注重理解和操练, 讲解方式和难度由教师自己掌握。一. 引入:修饰或限制名词或代词的成分叫定语。译作“的” 如：1. The young woman is a high school teacher.(形容词作定语) 2. I have got tons of homework to do.(不定式作定语) 3. The lady from Chongqing can not be more beautiful.(短语作定语). 4. The man who is sleeping on the chair is Mr. Ouyang.(句子作定语)概念：一个句子的定语部分不是单词，不是短语，而是一个句子，这样的句子叫做定语从句（也称形容词性从句）。二. 简单句,并列句和定语从句:The boy is my friend. He is watching TV.(两个简单句)The boy is my friend and he is watching TV.(并列句)The boy who is watching TV is my friend.(定语从句)*小结: 并列连词还有but; yet; while(whereas); however和分号“;”等三. 关系代词和关系副词:关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose+名词/as）在从句中作主语或宾语。关系副词（when/where/ why）在从句中作状语。1. This is the man who/that did me a favor that day.(作主语)2. This is the dictionary (which /that) I bought yesterday.（作宾语）3. This is the company (which/that) I worked in 5 years ago.（作宾语）4. This is the company where/in which I worked 5 years ago.（作状语）5. Jay, whose parents are teachers, is preparing for his latest album.（作定语）*小结：1. 相应意义的“介词+关系代词”与关系副词之间可以相互转化;例如：in/at/on/under.+ which = where; at /on /in/during.+ which = when; for which = why2. “whose”既可修饰人也可修饰物:例如：whose parents= the parents of whom= of whom the parents(由ones parents或the parents of ones变化而来); whose branches= the branches of which= of which the branches(由the trees/its branches或the branches of the tree变化而来)3.部分短语在简单句和定语从句中的变化对比:例如: both/none/neither/some/most of them-both/none/neither/some/most of whom/which; after that-after which; during that time-during which (time);since then-since when; from here/there/-from where; by that time-by which time; at that time/place-at which time/place; about that subject-about which subject; in that case- in which case; in ones honor-in whose honor.(理解之后可以触类旁通,无需硬性记忆。)四. 宜用that的情况：1.先行词是不定代词时，如: “all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing”等: 如:1). All that glitters is not gold. 2).Is there anything else (that) you require?2.先行词被 “all, much , little, no, any, the only, the last, the very” 等词修饰时:如:1). You can take any seat that is free. 2). This is the very thing (that) I am looking for.3.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时: 如:1). This is the most wonderful movie (that) I have ever seen. 2). The third lesson we (that) had this morning was math.4. 先行词既指人又指物时或者先行词在从句中充当表语时:如:1). They are talking of the things and persons (that) they remembered in high school.2). She is no longer the little girl (that) she used to be.5.主句是特殊疑问句或者是 “There be”句型时。如: 1). Who is the girl that is standing near the door? 2). There is a grammar book on the desk that belongs to Mr. Miller.五. which在非限制性定从中的意义和用法： “which”在非限定性定从中,既可以指先行词，又可以指全句:注意:非限制性定从不能用that, why来引导 1. Her basket was full of bananas, which were given by her aunty. 2. He is overconfident, which makes his co-workers unhappy.六. as引导的定语从句： 1. 当从句缺主语或宾语时,用于一些固定搭配：the same/ so/ such/as.as1). They bought the same goods as we did that day.(同类,非同一事物)2). It was such a sunny day as we rarely saw in Britain. 2. 定从与状从的区别：观察从句是否完整。 1). She was so cute a lady as we couldnt help looking at. (定从)2). She was so cute a lady that we couldnt help looking at her. (状从)若有必要,讲解：the same/so/suchthat(指同一事物) 3. as常与know, expect, report, mention, see, point out, announce,等词连用，如： As is known to us all, smoking does a world of harm to our health.七. 拓展:1. 由 “the way方式,方法”作为先行词时、且从句缺状语时，通常用that/in which（可省略）来引导从句；由 “time 次数 作为先行词时，通常用that（可省略）来引导从句: Nobody seems to appreciate the way (that/in which) he walks. This is the first time (that) I have been here in Guangzhou.2. 当先行词是that本身,或指婴儿,职位,品德时,用which来引导定语从句;当先行词是case/condition/situation/circumstance/position(情况,状况,境地)和stage/point(地步)等词时, 且从句缺状语时,通常用where/ in which来引导定语从句: He got into a situation where he might lose control over the plane. They have reached a point where they have to separate with each other.注: point “时刻,关头,地步”还可用when引导从句: We somtimes reached a point when we had no money left.3. 注意区分where; when引导的定语从句和状语从句(观察是否有先行词): Make a mark at the spot where you have any question. (定语从句) Make a mark where you have any question. (状语从句)4. 注意定语从句与名词性从句的区别（观察是否有先行词）以及 “one” 同位语先行词的定语从句:This city is the one where/ in which you lived 10 years ago. (定语从句)This city is where you lived 10 years ago. (表语从句)She is no longer the little girl (that) she used to be. (定语从句)She is no longer what she used to be.(表语从句)Meeting my classmate after many years was really an unforgettable experience, one I will always treasure.(one和experience属同位语关系) 5. “all that”定语从句与“what”名词性从句: all that= what(另见名词性从句)I will tell you all (that) I learned at the meeting.(定语从句)I will tell you what I learned at the meeting.(名词性从句)6. 强调句与定从的结合句型: (另见特殊句式-强调句) It was in that house (which/that) his grandfather built that he was born.7. 定语从句的主谓一致问题：以其真正的先行词为准：She is one of the beautiful girls who live in Kaili.She is the only/very one of the beautiful girls who lives in Kaili.8. 定语从句的省略情况：由“介词+关系代词+ to do”构成The farmer used wood to build a house in which he could store grains. = The farmer used wood to build a house in which to store grains. 9. 定语从句中的介词提前问题：一般情况下，固定短语的介词不提前。10. 若有必要,以阅读为目的拓展from where ; whence; from whence (从.地方；从那里，文), wherein = in which（在.方面，文，正式）,whereby = by which（凭借. 文，正式, 这些词大多出现在文学作品或法律文体中）;