课件：Unit--Causes-of-Disease.ppt

Unit 8 Causes of Disease,Sharon Gan,Objectives,To learn: causes of disease in Chinese medicine pathological characteristics of the six pernicious influences pathological characteristics of the seven emotions etiology of headache in Chinese medicine some useful terminologies of Chinese medicine,Contents,Warmup Collaborative reading & text analysis Terminology & translation Special Expressions Exercises,1. Warm-up,Vocabulary learningread aloud Vocabulary exercise on p141,2. Collaborative reading & text analysis,2. Collaborative reading,structure Part 1 (para. 1-2) : an introduction to TCM etiology Part 2 (para. 3-14): the six pernicious influences Part 3 (para. 15-18): the seven emotions Part 4 (para. 19-20): other sources of disharmony,Questions,1. Could you please explain the different understandings of disease causes in Chinese and Western medicine? 2. Could you please describe the six pernicious influences by using specific examples? 3. Could you please interpret the seven emotions by using specific examples? 4. Could you please list some other sources of diseases?,2. Collaborative reading,12 students a group, 3 stus for one part Read together, pause when needed Write to cover main idea for your part. _ is an elaboration on _. In other words, _. For instance, _. share 1 student from Part I 1 student from Part II 1 student from Part III 1 student from Part IV,3. Terminology & translaiton,邪气；邪；病邪 Pathogen 外邪 External pathogen,时邪 Seasonal pathogen 阴邪、阳邪、合邪（合：combined） 六淫 Six abnormal climatic factors,风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火、热（邪） Wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, fire, heat 外（风、寒、湿、燥） External (wind, cold, dampness, dryness) 内（风、寒、湿、燥） internal (wind, cold, dampness, dryness),风寒、风热、风湿、风燥、风痰 Windcold windheat, winddampness, wind dryness, windphlegm 寒湿、风寒湿、湿热、湿火、湿浊 cold-dampness wind-cold-dampness， dampness-heat ，dampness-fire ，dampness turbidity,浊邪、秽浊、暑气、暑热、暑湿 turbid pathogen foul turbidity ， summerheat qi，summerheat-heat，summerheat- dampness 燥气、燥热、凉燥、温燥、温邪 dryness qi dryness-heat ，cool dryness ，warm dryness， warm pathogen,疫疠、伏气 Pestilence ， latent qi 时行戾气; 疠气; 疫毒 epidemic pathogen 毒 toxin,热毒、火毒、湿毒、寒毒、时毒、麻毒、内毒、胎毒、蛊毒 heat toxin fire toxin， dampness toxin ，cold toxin， seasonal toxin ， measles toxin ， internal toxin ， fetal toxin ，parasitic toxin,瘴毒; 瘴气 Miasmic toxin 恶气 malign qi 內伤 internal damage 五志 five minds ： a collective term for joy, anger, thought, anxiety, and fear, the same as five emotions,五志过极 excess among the five minds 五志化火 transformation of the five minds into fire 七情 seven emotions 喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊 joy ，anger ，melancholy ， thought ， sorrow， fear， fright,劳倦、房劳 overexertion and fatigue， sexual overindulgence 五味偏嗜、饮食不节、酒癖 flavor predilection，dietary irregularities， liquor addiction,水土不服 failure to acclimatize to a new environment 痰饮 phlegm-retained fluid,饮; 水饮 retained fluid 水湿、痰湿 water-dampness phlegm-dampness,瘀血 static blood / blood stasis / stagnant blood 禀赋不足 constitutional insufficiency,三因 three causes 內因 Internal/ endogenous cause 外因 External/ exogenous cause 不內外因 cause neither internal nor external (non-endo-exogenous cause),辨证求因 /辨證求因 seeking cause of disease through differentiation of syndromes,Translation example 1,六淫自外侵犯人体属于外因；七情直接伤及内脏属于内因；其它如饮食不节、过劳，外伤、虫害等属于不内外因。,six pathogenic factors invading the body from the outside pertain to exogenous pathogenic factors; the seven emotions directly doing harm to the internal organs are attributed to endogenous pathogenic factors; other pathogenic factors, such as improper diet, overwork, trauma, insect and animal bites, etc. , are said to be non-endo-exogenous pathogenic factors.,Translation example 2,风邪致病多在春季；暑邪致病通常在夏季；湿邪致病通常发生在夏至后；燥邪致病多在秋季；寒邪致病见于冬季。 Diseases caused by wind-pathogen mostly occur in spring; summer-heat diseases usually appear in summer; damp diseases often happen in late summer; dry diseases arise most often in autumn and cold diseases are often seen in winter.,Translation example 3,普通感冒通常由风寒之邪所致；泻泄由湿热之邪所致；风寒湿夹杂而致痹症。 Common cold results frequently from pathogenic wind and cold; diarrhea is caused by pathogenic dampness and heat; bi-syndrome (arthralgia) is caused by pathogenic wind, cold and dampness.,Translation example 4,体内寒邪可化热，暑湿可以化火化燥伤阴。 Pathogenic cold in the body may transform into heat and summer-heat dampness may bring about dryness and fire to impair yin.,Translation example 5,中医云：“怒伤肝；喜伤心；忧伤肺；思伤脾；惊恐伤肾” TCM says, “Anger impairs the liver; excessive joy impairs the heart; grief or melancholy impairs the lung, pensiveness impairs the spleen, and fright or fear impairs the kidney“ .,Translation example 6,“怒则气上；喜则气缓；悲则气消；恐则气下；惊则气乱；思则气结” “Anger causes the qi (of the liver) to ascend; joy makes the qi (of the heart) sluggish; grief makes the qi (of the lung) consumed; fear induces the qi (of the kidney) to dissipate; fright causes the disorder of the qi (of the kidney) ; and pensiveness brings about the depression of the qi (of the spleen).“,Translation example 7,六淫通常由肌肤口鼻侵犯人体，在早期多属于表证 The six exogenous pathogens usually invade the body through the skin, mouth and nose, and most are exterior syndromes at the early stage of the onset.,Translation example 8,七情致病，则是直接影响相应的脏腑而发病。因为某一脏腑与某一情志活动有密切关系。 The seven emotions directly affect the corresponding zang-fu organs to bring on diseases because a certain zang-fu organ is closely related to a certain emotional activity.,4. Special expressions,风为百病之长 Wind is the first and foremost factor to cause various diseases 诸暴强直，皆属于风 Sudden spasm and rigidity of muscles result from wind.,Special expressions,诸胀腹大，皆属于热 Abdominal distension is mainly related to heat 有形之痰 visible phlegm 无形之痰 invisible phlegm,5. Translation exercise,根据中医学理论，人之所以生病是由于自然环境、人自身的情志及生活方式等因素的改变而造成的。破坏人体的相对平衡状态，并引起疾病发生的原因就是病因。致病因素多种多样，诸如外感六淫、七情内伤，饮食失宜、劳逸失度等，均可成为病因而导致发病。,According to TCM, people get sick because there is disharmony caused by changes in certain factors the environment, emotion, the pati