英语阅读中文翻译.doc

12. One，or a combination of，the following two failure scenarios could occur（这是一句综述全文的话，意思是：下面任意一种或两种情况的结合就会导致故障的发生）Firstly，the double bottom structure of girders and floors could sustain sufficient damage under the negative buoyancy condition where the double bottom structure is subjected to the cargo loading onlyIf the transverse floor and longitudinal girder web plating structures，have deteriorated due to corrosion or mechanical damage，then shear failure can result and the double bottom may collapseThe loss of the hull girder flange，formed by the double bottom，would invariably lead to the loss of the shipSecondly，where water enters a loaded hold，the transverse watertight bulkheads are subject to the cargo loading increased by a static head of water（水的静落差） equal to（相当于） the flooded draught and a dynamic effect due to（由于） the fluid motion（流体运动） in the holdIf the watertight bulkhead has corroded then plastic collapse，or shear failure of the corrugated bulkhead connection to the lower shelf place，can occur followed by bulkhead failureWith two holds flooded，the ship would in all likelihood sink(首先大概浏览短文，不管讲的什么先找到红色的两个词，这是两个很有代表性的词，Firstly首先Secondly其次，这能说明文章结构很清晰，层次分明，然后再钻研每一部分的内容)1.It is implied in the passage that _ will inevitably lead to the sinking of the ship文章暗示着下列哪种情况将会导致沉船（首先找出文中提到沉船的地方（最后一个单词sink，然后沿着这个词前面找答案,文章最后一句话说的是两个货舱被水淹必定导致沉船，所以D答案的后半截是正确的（or后面的）,第二段的最后一句（蓝色）说的是D答案的前半句，也就是两部分结合起来就是这道题目的答案。至于ABC三项则不会导致沉船）Athe double bottom structure is subjected to the cargo loading only双层底结构独自承担货物装载Bwater enters a loaded hold水进入载货舱Cbulkhead fails when there is no water in the hold货舱内没有水的时候隔水板损坏Dthe loss of the hull girder flange or more than one hold are flooded船梁边缘的亏损或者一个以上货舱被水淹2.Negative buoyancy condition refers to the condition of _下沉力情况指的是（文中第二段有提到，蓝色字体，考察专业术语，只能死记住下面词语的意思）Ahogging拱曲Bsagging下沉Crolling旋转Dpitching倾斜3.The reason why the ship would sink with two holds flooded is that she will loss her _两个货舱被水淹导致沉船的原因是船将失去Astability平衡Bstrength力量Cbuoyancy浮力Dgravity重心A这也应该是常识问题，两个货舱进水肯定导致的是船体失去平衡然后沉船。4.Where water enters a loaded hold，the transverse watertight bulkheads are not subject to _水进入货舱时，水密舱壁的横切面不受（最后一段一开头说的就是这道题，着重看第一句话，这句话说的就是货舱进了水，水密舱壁横截面的甲板盖将失去作用，也就是不受甲板盖支持，所以答案D，ABC只是片面效果）Athe cargo loading货物装载Bstatic head of water水的静落差Cdynamic effect due to the fluid motion in the hold由于流体运动产生的动态效应Dsupport from other deck covers其他甲板盖的支持13. It is hereby expressly agreed that every exemption from liability and every right，defence and immunity of whatsoever nature applicable to the Repairer or to which the Repairer is entitled hereunder shall also be available and shall extend to protect every Repairer or agent of the Repairer（including every independent contractor(独立承包商) from time to time employed by the Repairer）while acting in the course of or in connection with his employment or engagementThe Repairer is or shall be deemed to be acting as an agent or trustee on behalf of and for the benefit of all persons who are or might be employees or agents from time to time（including any independent contractors or subcontractors as aforesaid）and all such persons shall to this extent be or be deemed to be parties to the contract entered into by the Repairer1.This paragraph is most likely to appear in _这篇文中最可能出自（看到修理工和承包商，合约这些字眼应该有意识到之前做过类似的阅读理解题目，船舶修理合同之类的）AShip Slipping and Repairing Contract船舶松弛和维修合约BTime Charter定期租船契约CVoyage Charter航海章程DDemise Charter裸船租船合同2.The exemption（免除） from liability and every right（责任和权力），defence and immunity（防御和免除） of whatsoever nature applicable to the Repairer（检修工） or to which the Repairer is entitled hereunder（在此之下） will not extend to protect （将不会保护_（这句话说的是在任何情况下免除检修工的责任和权利将对哪一方不利，仔细看文中蓝色部分字体，说的都是保护到的方面，而本题目是说不保护对象，那么只要文中没有出现过的就是这道题目的答案，所以选D）AAgent of the Repairer检修工的代理人BIndependent Contractor employed by the Repairer检修工锁雇佣的独立承包商CSubcontractor appointed by the Repairer检修工任命的分包商DShipowner船主3.The Repairer is not or shall be not deemed to be acting as an agent or trustee on behalf of and for the benefit of _检修工不属于下列那方人员的利益受托人。（蓝色字体是干扰词，有没有都不会影响这句话的意思）Aall persons as to be deemed to be parties to the contract所以合同当事人Bsubcontractors appointed by the Repairer检修工任命的分包商Cindependent contractors employed by Repairer检修工雇佣的独立承包商Dpersons who are or might be employees or agents of the Repairer检修工的雇主或代理人A根据文中所言，凡事提到检修工的，那么他们肯定也和检修工有着不可分割的利益关系，所以A项嫌疑最大，因为文中虽然提到所有人（红色字体）但是这个所有人是有条件的，前提是必须有检修工的参与，但是A项根本就没出现检修工这个词语，所以毋庸置疑选A4.It can be concluded that this clause is formulated to protect the interests of _可以得出结论是这项条款是用来明确表示保护下面哪一方的利益ARepairers检修工Bindependent contractors独立承包商Cship owners船主Dcargo owners货主A根据经验和尝试能知道答案A，因为repairer这个词在文中出现多次，虽然理由牵强但确实是能够猜出正确答案，做英语阅读理解没有固定的规律可循，总之找到答案就行嘿嘿14. Many carriers today make use of relay ports at which GOODs destined for more remote locations are transshipped onto substituted ships or“feeder vessels”，in order to secure faster and more efficient delivery than would be possible if the cargoes concerned were carried all the way to destination aboard the liner vessels on which they were first loadedThe transshipment of cargo at such intermediate ports has been judged not to constitute an unreasonable deviation where it is shown to be a custom of the tradeNor，of course，is it an unreasonable deviation where the shipper acquiesced in it，had notice of it or could have expected it based on prior shipments with the same carrier，or where the carrier has made known its ordinary stops by its advertisements，publications or other means1.A Relay Port means a/an_考察专业术语, Relay Port中转港口Aport of destination目的港Bport of sailing启程港Cintermediate port中途转运港Dport of refuge避风港2.Cargo will be possibly delivered slower to its destination by _货物用下面哪种方式运输至目的地会比较慢(看第一句话的than这个词，意思是比，说明than前面提到的运输方式比后面的那种方式（on which they were first loaded）要安全快捷，而这道题目要选择慢的运输方式，那么很明显是C答案。)Aa feeder支流Ba substituted ship代替船Cthe liner on which it was first loaded货物第一次被装载的班轮Dthe liner on which it would be loaded should a feeder or substituted ship not be available不可利用的直流或者是代替船只3.Under which of the following conditions is it not sufficient to judge that transshipment at the relay port does not constitute an unreasonable deviation _下面那种情况不足以判断出在中转港转运货物时不构成不合理的误差Athe transshipment is shown to be a custom of the trade这种转载方式被看作为一种行业风俗Bthe shipper had notice of the transshipment货主接到转船装运通知Cthe shipper could have expected it based on prior shipments with the same carrierDthe carrier has not made known its ordinary stops by its advertisements or publications（has 和has not）D(仔细观察文中最后一句话和D选项意思正好相反（D蓝色部分），而ABC在二、三句中都有出现)4.The purpose of making use of a relay port by the carrier is to achieve the end of _使用中转港的目的是为了最后（第一句话的红色部分就是这道题目的答案）Afaster and more efficient delivery快速高效的运输Bavoiding unreasonable deviation避免不合理的误差Cmaking known its ordinary transportation by its advertisements，publications or other means通过广告，出版物或其他形式来宣传平常的运输方式Dpreventing the adverse influence to the carriage by a custom of the trade依据交易的习惯避免不利影响的发生。15. Individuals involved directly and indirectly in the handling of dangerous GOODs shall receive training designed to provide familiarity with the general provisions of dangerous GOODs transport requirementsSuch training shall include a description of the classes of dangerous GOODs；labelling，marking，placarding and packaging，segregation and compatibility requirements；a description of the purpose and content of the dangerous GOODs transport document；and a description of available emergency response documentsThese persons shall have to receive detailed training concerning specific dangerous GOODs transport requirements which are applicable to the function the persons performsAnd of course they shall also receive the complete safety trainingCommensurate with the risk of exposure in the event of a release and the functions performed，each person shall receive training on： Methods and procedures for accident avoidance，such as proper use of package-handling equipment and appropriate methods of stowage of dangerous GOODs；Available emergency response information and how to use it；General dangers presented by the various classes of dangerous GOODs and how to prevent exposure to those hazards，including if appropriate the use of personal protective clothing and equipment；and Immediate procedures to be followed in the event of an unintentional release of dangerous GOODs，including any emergency response procedures for which the person is responsible and personal protection procedures to be followed(文章大概讲述的是关于危险物品的识别以及相关人员所需要接受的各种培训)1.Unintentional（非故意的） Release(释放) of dangerous GOODs （危险物品）means primarily（主要是指） _ of the GOODsAaccidental release意外释放Bproper release正确释放Cslow release慢速释放Demergency release紧急释放A（这道题目就是考察Unintentional这个词语的意思，对照答案就能选出A）2.“Proper use of package-handling equipment and appropriate methods of stowage of dangerous GOODs”is an item covered by _（文中红色部分）正确使用液货装卸设备以及危险物品的装载方法出自下列那个条款Athe training of familiarity with the general provisions of dangerous GOODs transport requirements危险货物装载总则的培训BFunction-specific training特殊功能培训Cthe training of proper shipping business特定航运业培训Dthe safety training安全培训D（文中没有提到，估计应该是专业常识）3.The immediate procedures to be followed in the event of an unintentional release of dangerous GOODs are covered by _（文中红色部分）Athe safety trainingBthe training concerning specific dangerous GOODs transport requirementsCthe training designed to provide familiarity with the general provisions of dangerous GOODs transport requirementsDthe protection proceduresA（和第二题一样，文中又提到但是没有具体说是那个条款，要根据对文章整体内容的把握来回答这两个问题，文章主要围绕个人培训，关于危险物品的处理等条款，所以安全培训最合理，故2.3两道题目都选安全培训这一项最合适）4.The best title of this passage should be _这篇文章的标题下面哪个更合适？AEmergency Response Procedures for the Carriage of Dangerous GOODs by SeaBRelease of Dangerous GOODs and Exposure in the AccidentsCProper use of Dangerous GOODsDTraining of Persons Involved in Handling of Dangerous GOODs（处理危险物品的个人培训）D（根据文章整体的内容只有D答案最恰当）15. Individuals involved directly and indirectly in the handling of dangerous GOODs shall receive training designed to provide familiarity with the general provisions of dangerous GOODs transport requirementsSuch training shall include a description of the classes of dangerous GOODs；labelling，marking，placarding and packaging，segregation and compatibility requirements；a description of the purpose and content of the dangerous GOODs transport document；and a description of available emergency response documentsThese persons shall have to receive detailed training concerning specific dangerous GOODs transport requirements which are applicable to the function the persons performsAnd of course they shall also receive the complete safety trainingCommensurate with the risk of exposure in the event of a release and the functions performed，each person shall receive training on： Methods and procedures for accident avoidance，such as proper use of package-handling equipment and appropriate methods of stowage of dangerous GOODs；Available emergency response information and how to use it；General dangers presented by the various classes of dangerous GOODs and how to prevent exposure to those hazards，including if appropriate the use of personal protective clothing and equipment；and Immediate procedures to be followed in the event of an unintentional release of dangerous GOODs，including any emergency response procedures for which the person is responsible and personal protection procedures to be followed(文章大概讲述的是关于危险物品的识别以及相关人员所需要接受的各种培训)1.Unintentional（非故意的） Release(释放) of dangerous GOODs （危险物品）means primarily（主要是指） _ of the GOODsAaccidental release意外释放Bproper release正确释放Cslow release慢速释放Demergency release紧急释放A（这道题目就是考察Unintentional这个词语的意思，对照答案就能选出A）2.“Proper use of package-handling equipment and appropriate methods of stowage of dangerous GOODs”is an item covered by _（文中红色部分）正确使用液货装卸设备以及危险物品的装载方法出自下列那个条款Athe training of familiarity with the general provisions of dangerous GOODs transport requirements危险货物装载总则的培训BFunction-specific training特殊功能培训Cthe training of proper shipping business特定航运业培训Dthe safety training安全培训D（文中没有提到，估计应该是专业常识）3.The immediate procedures to be followed in the event of an unintentional release of dangerous GOODs are covered by _（文中红色部分）Athe safety trainingBthe training concerning specific dangerous GOODs transport requirementsCthe training designed to provide familiarity with the general provisions of dangerous GOODs transport requirementsDthe protection proceduresA（和第二题一样，文中又提到但是没有具体说是那个条款，要根据对文章整体内容的把握来回答这两个问题，文章主要围绕个人培训，关于危险物品的处理等条款，所以安全培训最合理，故2.3两道题目都选安全培训这一项最合适）4.The best title of this passage should be _这篇文章的标题下面哪个更合适？AEmergency Response Procedures for the Carriage of Dangerous GOODs by SeaBRelease of Dangerous GOODs and Exposure in the AccidentsCProper use of Dangerous GOODsDTraining of Persons Involved in Handling of Dangerous GOODs（处理危险物品的个人培训）D（根据文章整体的内容只有D答案最恰当）17. On the bridge for the approach to the pilot boarding ground were the Master（船长），who had the con，the Mate(大副)，as Watch Officer，and a seaman at the wheel（掌舵），while the Third Mate went on deck to meet the pilot（领航员）The normal procedure onboard（船上的常规程序） was for the Second Mate to prepare the voyage plan and to lay off the courses on the chartsHowever，because the passage from Burnie（伯尼（澳大利亚） to the Tamar River(泰马河) was relatively相对地 short and because he intended stopping and drifting for two to three hours，the Master decided to lay off(停止) the courses himself（2A）In the past，when the company employed Japanese officers，the Master would discuss operational and navigational procedures with themHowever，since the introduction of the employment of Filipino officers，the Master no longer did this，with the result there was no cohesive bridge teamWhen the pilot launch（引航艇） arrived alongside（靠泊），the Mate went to the port bridge wing and remained there until such time as the Pilot（领航员） had gained the deckAt a critical stage，when manoeuvring close to a reef，he was providing no active support to the Master by monitoring the vessels progress，either by radar or by the electronic plotting table（电子绘图表格）(2C)With no active support from the Mate(2B)，the Master had quickly plotted（标绘出） the position at a time he recorded as 0606，from which he realised there was a danger of the stern swinging into the eastern shallows（浅滩） of Hebe ReefIn instructing the helmsman（舵手） to steady on 1600，however，he does not appear to have appreciated the developing situation with West Reef，created by that action，and the vessel grounded fast in the Reef1.The Master did not discuss operational and navigational procedures with his mates because _船长不和他的助手们商讨操作和导航程序是因为（看第二段开头蓝色部分找到关键性短语operational and navigational procedures，说的是以前船务公司雇佣日本的指挥官的时候，船长会和他的同伴们商讨这些事情，但是后来又雇佣了菲律宾指挥官的时候船长就不再那么做了，从这点可以看出船长对这些指挥官有种族或者文化的歧视，所以答案A。其他答案可以不用考虑）Ahe has ethnic or cultural prejudice in his dealings with those officersBhe laid off the courses himselfCthe bridge was adequately manned for the operationDthe Second Mate did not prepare the voyage plan and lay off the courses on the charts2.Of the following _ is not a contributing factor（影响因素） leading to（导致） the grounding accident搁浅事故（从下面答案中找出没有导致搁浅事故的因素Athat Master did not inform the Mate of his intended actions or seek the Mates support in monitoring and advising him on the progress of the manoeuvres操纵的过程中船长没有通知他的副手们或没有让他的副手帮忙（也就是船长自己操作了整个过程，见文中2A）Bthat the Mate did not provide active support to the Master副手没有给予船长积极的帮助Cthat navigational equipment was either ignored or not used to full effect航行设备被忽视或者是没有发挥全部作用Dthat the Mate went to the port bridge wing and remained there副手去了舱口驾驶室侧翼平台并且留在那里D（首先在文中找到提到搁浅事故的的部分，grounded只有最后一句话中这个词语是搁浅的意思，那不难想象，造成搁浅的原因就是前面讲述的内容，然后用排除法找出ABC三项,文中标出2A,2B，2C）3.It is inferred that the vessel started the voyage in _可以推断出穿是在开始航行的。（第二段红色部分，0606表示早上6点6分，所以选A）Aan early morning早晨Ba late evening深夜Can afternoon下午Da midnight午夜4.The main cause of this accident is the lack of _这次事故的主要原因是缺少Aseamanship skill of the Master and the Mates on the bridge船桥上的船长和副手们的航海技术BBridge Resource Management procedures船桥资源管理程序Cacademic education of the crew members船员的基础理论教育，including the Master and Mates包括船长和副手Dcommunications between the Pilot，the Master and the Mates on board the vessel领航员之间，船长和副手之间的沟通（根据文中标有2C部分能看的出是资源缺乏，和船长船员领航员没有直接的关系，因为前面提到过航行距离不长船长主动觉得自己操作整个过程，如果资源充足，象雷达，电子绘图表格等这些设备齐全的情况下是不会发生搁浅事故的）B18. The effectiveness of an anchor(锚) depends largely on the material that constitutes the sea or estuary（河口）bottom，normally determined by the hydrographers(水道测量家) who have surveyed the sea and identified it for the convenience of mariners on the chart When preparing to anchor，the ships Master needs to know，besides the water depth，the“quality of the bottom”whether it is of sand or mud，or rockyThe Master will try and avoid “foul ground” which may have underwater hazards that may snag（被拌住） the anchor，and will be happier（高兴） where the bottom is of mud or sand（4A），that will enable the flukes （锚爪）of the anchor to dig（掘土）in and hold the ship fastThe holding quality is also helped by having plenty of （大量）cable（铁索） out to试图 lie on the bottom搁在底部，which itself acts as a brake（闸） on movementTides（潮汐） or winds may affect the safety of an anchorage （下锚）and the officers of the watch need to watch the position of the ship carefully，lest（以免）the anchor drags and the ship be washed ashoreVisual compass bearings of shore marks can provide a GOOD indication of any untoward movement，although care must be taken n