由主语部分与谓语部分组成.doc

由主语部分与谓语部分组成。具体地讲，主要有下列六种句子成分：1）主语（subject）它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是一句的主体。如I study English（我学习英语）中的I. 2）谓语动词（predicate verb）它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如I study English中的study. 3）表语（predicative）它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身分或特征的，如I am a student（我是一个学生）中的student；Our classroom is clean（我们的教室很干净）中的clean. 4）宾语（object）它是表示及物动词动作的对象的，如I study English中的English.介词后面的名词或代词，叫做介词的宾语，如They dont work on Sunday（他们星期天不工作）中的Sunday，就是介词on的宾语。 5）定语（attribute）它是限定或修饰名词或代词用的，如He likes to drink co1d milk（他喜欢喝冷牛奶）中的co1d. 6）状语（adverbial）它是修饰动词、形容词、副词用的，如He works hard（他努力工作）中的hard. 注虚词在句子中一律不能作为句子成分。 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。一般将来时 一、will/shall+动词原形shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。 will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 will not=wont shall not=shant 例如：Which paragraph shall I read first？我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening？今晚七点回家好吗？ 二、be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a.主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow？明打算作什么呢？ b.计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month.这出戏下月开播。 c.有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 三、be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们星期六讨论这份报告。 外语*教育网编辑整理 4）be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 例如：He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 Notice: be to和be going to be to表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to表示主观的打算或计划。 例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排） Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排） 四、现在进行时表将来时下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时 e.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.end.arrive and so on. she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow. 五、一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定安排好的事情。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。 2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。 例如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.铃响了。 3）在时间或条件句中。 例如：When Bill comes （不是will come）， ask him to wait for me.比尔来后，让他等我。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里，就写信给你。 4）在动词hope. take care that. make sure that等的宾语从句中。 例如：I hope they have a nice time next week.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。 六、一般将来时的时间状语 this year, tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next month, from now on, in the future, in an hour等。 注意： 一、易忽视动词用原形形式例： 1 He will is（be）at school next Monday. 2 He is going to does（do）his homework after school. 答案：1 be 2 do 解析：第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is，忽视了will后应加动词原形。我 在写句子时，很容易把动词丢掉“英语句子里，动词不能少”的规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形，而不是用单三人称。 二、be going to +动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。 I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams. 答案：I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams. 解析：be going to表示计划、打算要做某事E.g. He is going to visit his friends.还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事。 E.g. Look at the clouds. Its going to rain.“Will+动词原形”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。 E.g. I will wait for you until you come.在单纯预测未来时，二者可以互换，但在此题中只能用be going to，而不能will.将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。 构成will/shall+have+完成式用于第一人称，will+have+完成式用于其他人称。 a.状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。 b.动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或已获得的经验。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.将来完成时的构成将来完成时的构成是由shall/will + have +过去分词构成的。 Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。 He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates. 他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。 Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month? 到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧？ 将来完成时的用法 表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。 We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。 By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。 表示推测，相当于must have done结构。 You will have heard of this, I guess. 我想你已经听说过这件事了。 I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了这个信息 表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间 we will have been married a year on june 25th. 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。过去将来时一、过去将来时的含义过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。例如：I didnt know if he would come.我不知道他是否会来。 They never knew that population would become a big problem.他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。 She didnt tell me where she would go.她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。 Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。 二、过去将来时的表达法（一）“would+动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。 He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。 （二）“was/ were+going to+动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：She said she was going to start off at once.她说她将立即出发。 I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。 此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。例如：It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。 （三）come，go，leave，arrive，start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。 She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。 （四）条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：I didnt know when she would come，but when she came I would let you know.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。 The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didnt work hard.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。 专项练习：1. - The plane is leaving right now， but Jim hasnt arrived yet. - Well, he said he _here on time. A came B would come C can be D will be 2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _. A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying 3 Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month. A as; come B was; would come C would be; came D will be; come 4Jenny said she _her holiday in China. A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend答案：1 B 2 C 3C 4 D 虚拟语气详解 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1.语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度. 2.语气的种类 、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句.如：There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面. Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗? How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊! 、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令.如：Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了. Dont forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯. 外语*教育网编辑整理 、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等.如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行. I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试. May you succeed! 祝您成功! 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点.让我们就从最简单的开始吧. 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中.如：.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? .It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚. 二、表祝愿. 1、常用may+动词原形表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中). 、May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! 、May you be happy! 祝你快乐! 、May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就! 、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快. 、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久. 、May you be happy. (注意那个be )祝你幸福. 2、用动词原形.例如：(1).Long live the people!人民万岁! (2).God bless you,said the priest. 牧师说：愿上帝保佑你! (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! 三、表示强烈愿望.(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加s) (1).God save me.(2).Heaven help us. 四、表命令1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you). 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：! 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not.(1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! 外语*教育网编辑整理 (5). Do not work so hard. (do not表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Dont be afraid. (口语中常用dont代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中.如：(1).Youd better set off now. 你最好现在就出发. (2).Id rather not tell you the secret. 我情愿不告诉你这个秘密.（1）用于描写漫画、图表的常用句型As the graph depicts , From the cartoon /picture , we can see that According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ,The table shows / indicates / reveals that It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that （2）用于句首提出论题或现象的句型Recently , has become the focus of the society .has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life .Nowadays there is a growing concern for Nowadays it is common to hear /see has become a common occurrence in our daily life .Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes In recent years , there is a general tendency Nowadays has become a problem we have to face .（3）用于比较、阐述不同观点的常用句型Some people like / prefer , while others are / feel inclined to There are different opinions among people as to Some believe whole hold Some people claim that is superior to Others , however , disagree with it .Some people believe Others maintain Still others claim Some people suggest Others , however , hold the opposite opinion .On the one hand , people tend to On the other hand , they feel Some people argue that Others , in contrast , believe that Although more and more people come to believe there are still others who insist that On the contrary , there are people in favor of There are some people who hold different opinions about （4）用于陈述个人观点/想法的常用句型My own experience tells me that In my opinion , we should attack more importance to As for my own idea about I believe As far as I am concerned , I plan to Personally , I prefer In my view , both sides are partly right in that But for me , I would rather My own point of view is that In conclusion , I support the statement that As regards me , I tend to choose （5）用于书信写作的常用句型Thank you for your letter of It is a pleasure for me invite you on behalf of to accept Thanks so much for your letter , which arrived I am writing to you with reference to I am writing to you in connection with I would be grateful if you could / would I would like to know some information