英语常用短语精解.doc

常用短语精解1. to get on : (to enter, board) 【说明：】to get on(搭乘，上车) 动词get的用法很多，常常在后面接用各种不同的介系词或副词而形成意义不同的习语。这里的on是介系词，后面的bus和subway用作它的受词。如果on作副词用，则有进步，相处甚好，与年事已长的意思。 【例：】 (1) I always get on the bus at 34th Street. 我总是在街搭乘公共汽车。 (2) William gets on the subway at the same station every morning. 威廉每天早晨在同一车站搭乘地下火车。 2.to get off : (to leave, descend from) 说明：】to get off (下车)与上面的get on相反。Get off也有好些其它的意义，如寄出，离开等。下车也可以用alight from或get out of a carriage或motor car, 不过下电车或公共汽车多用get off . 【例：】 (1) Helen got off the bus at 42nd Street. 海伦在42街下公共汽车。 (2) At what station do you usually get off the subway? 你通常在那一站下地下火车？ 3.to put on: (to place on oneself-said particularly of clothes) 【说明：】 to put on (穿，戴)特别指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼镜也用这个成语。英文中还有wear和dress二字也是穿的意思。可是wear是继续的动作，表示穿着的状态，而put on是一时的动作。下面两个句子都是错的： I shall wear my overcoat before I go out (应用put on). In such cold weather I put on my overcoat all day （应用wear）.dress的意思是 put clothes on后面的受词一定是人，如dress a child, dress oneself, be dressed in white, put on clothes, vk Get up and dress quickly. （快点起来穿好衣服。） 【例：】 (1) Mary put on her hat and left the room. 玛丽戴上她的帽子就离开这屋子。 (2) Why is John putting on his hat and coat? 约翰为什么穿衣戴帽呢？ 4.to take off : (to remove-said also of clothes) 【说明：】to take off (脱去)与put on 的意义相反，指脱去衣物鞋帽.民可以用put off, 但较不通用。 【例：】 (1) John took off his hat as he entered the room. 约翰在这屋时脱下他的帽子。 (2) Is Helen taking off her coat because it is too warm in the room? 海伦是不是因为室内太暖和而脱去她的外衣呢？ 5.to call up: (to telephone) 【说明：】to call up (打电话给)后面一定要有受词，也就是接电话的人。如果受词是代名词的话，常插在call与up 之间。 【例：】 (1) I forgot to call up Mr. Jones yesterday although I promised to call him up exactly at three oclock. 我昨天忘记打电话给钟斯先生，虽然我答应了在三点钟的时候打电话给他的。 (2) Did anyone call me up while I was out? 我出去的时候有人打电话来找我吗？ 6.to turn on : (to start, begin) 【说明：】to turn on (扭开，打开)指扭开电灯，电炉，电扇，煤气等的按钮或开关，以及自来水的水龙头等而言。开电灯也可以用put on the light. 【例：】 (1) Please turn on the light. This room is dark. 请你扭开电灯，这房间太黑暗了。 (2) Someone turned on the radiator in this room while we were out. 我们外出时，有人把房内的电炉扭开了。 7.to turn off : (to stop, terminate extinguish) 【说明：】 to turn off （关闭，停止）指扭熄电灯，关闭无线电、自来水等。关灯也可以用put out the light. 【例：】 (1) Please turn off the light. We do not need it now. 请把电灯关了，我们现在不需要它。 (2) Shall I turn off the radio or are you still listening to it? 我可以把收音机关掉吗，你是不是还要收听呢？ 8.right away : (immediately, at once, very soon) 【说明：】right away （立刻，马上）为美国口头语，没有immediately与at once正式， 系一副词片语，与right now (exactly now )的意思相仿。 【例：】 (1) She says that dinner will be ready right away. 她说晚餐马上就准备好了。 (2) Can William come to my office right away? 威廉能够立刻就到我的办公室来吗？ 9.to pick up : (to take-especially with fingers) 【说明：】to pick up （拾起，拣起）尤指用手指把东西拿起业而言。To pick up还有很多其它的用法。如 让人搭便车： The motorist picked up a couple of servicemen along the highway （这个乘汽车的人在公路上让两个军人搭乘便车。） 听会，自然学会，（言语，游戏等）： He never studied French; what he knows he picked up while living in France. （他从来没有学过法文；他所知道的是他住在法国的时候听会的。） 捉住，逮捕，萍水相逢便行订交，选出： I picked up London lastnight. (昨晚我在无线电听到了伦敦的播音。) 【例：】 (1) John Picked up the newspaper which was on his desk. 约翰把书桌上的报纸拿了起来。 (2) Why didnt you pick up that pencil which lay on the floor? 你为什么不把地板上的那枝铅笔拾起来呢？ 10.at once: (immediately, very soon, right away) 【说明：】 at once （立刻，马上）为一级通用的副词片语，也可以作为同时(simultaneously)解，如 This book is at once interesting and instructive. （此书既有趣又有益。） 【例：】 (1) He asked me to come to his office at once. 他请我立刻就到他的办公室去。 (2) I want you to send this telegram at once. 我希望你马上把这电报发出去。2. 伊索寓言1. THE LION AND THE MOUSE Lion was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face. Rising up in anger, he caught him and was about to kill him, when the Mouse piteously entreated, saying: If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to repay your kindness. The Lion laughed and let him go. 1狮和鼠 一只老鼠从一只狮子面前跑过去，将它从梦中吵醒。狮子生气地跳起来，捉住老鼠，要弄死它。老鼠哀求说：只要你肯饶恕我这条小生命，我将来一定会报答你的大恩。狮子便笑着放了它。 It happened shortly after this that the Lion was caught by some hunters, who bound him by strong ropes to the ground. The Mouse, recognizing his roar, came up, and gnawed the rope with his teeth, and setting him free, exclaimed: You ridiculed the idea of my ever being able to help you, not expecting to receive from me any repayment of your favour; but now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse to confer benefits on a Lion. 后来狮子被几个猎人捉住，用粗绳捆绑倒在地上。老鼠听出是狮子的吼声，走来用牙齿咬断绳索，释放了牠，并大声说：你当时嘲笑我想帮你的忙，而且也不指望我有什么机会报答。但是你现在知道了，就算是小老鼠，也能向狮子效劳的。 2狼和小羊 2. THE WOLF AND THE LAMBA Wolf meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea, which should justify to the Lamb himself his right to eat him. He thus addressed him:Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me. Indeed, bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, I was not then born. Then said the Wolf, You feed in my pasture. 一只狼瞧见一只迷路失群的小羊，决定暂缓下毒手，想先找一些理由，对小羊证明自己有吃它的权利。它就说：小鬼！你去年曾经骂过我。小羊可怜地说：老实说，我去年还没有出生呢。狼再说：你在我的草地上吃过草。 No, good sir, replied the Lamb, I have not yet tasted grass. Again said the Wolf, You drink of my well. No, exclaimed the Lamb, I never yet drank water, for as yet my mothers milk is both food and drink to me. On which the Wolf seized him, and ate him up, saying, Well! I wont remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations.The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny. 小羊回答说：不，好先生，我还未曾尝过草的味道呢。狼又说：你喝过我井里的水。小羊叫道：不，我从没有喝过水，因为直到今天为止，我都是吃着母亲的奶汁。狼一听这话，便抓住它，把它吃下去，便说：好！即使你驳倒我每一句话，我终究要吃晚餐的！暴君总有他暴行的借口。 3. THE ASS AND THE GRASSHOPPERAn Ass having heard some Grasshoppers chirping, was highly enchanted; and, desiring to possess the same charms of melody, demanded what sort of food they lived on, to give them such beautiful voices. They replied, The dew. The Ass resolved that he would only live upon dew, and in a short time died of hunger. 3驴和蚱蜢 一只驴听到几只蚱蜢在叫，便觉得很有趣；于是也想得到同样有趣的音调，便问蚱蜢吃什么东西过活，以致于能有这样优美的声音。蚱蜢说：露水。驴子听了，从此以后也单吃露水过活，不久便饿死了。 4. THE WOLF AND THE CRANEA Wolf, having a bone stuck in his throat, hired a Crane, for a large sum, to put her head into his throat, and draw out the bone. When the Crane had extracted the bone, and demanded the promised payment, the Wolf, grinning and grinding his teeth, exclaimed: Why, you have surely already a sufficient recompense, in having been permitted to draw out your head in safety from the mouth and jaws of a wolf. 4狼和鹳雀 一只狼喉咙鲠了一根骨头，便用很多钱去雇请一只鹳雀，将头伸进他的喉咙中，把那块骨头取出来。当鹳雀拔出那块骨头，向他索取约定的报酬，狼却呲牙咧齿地说：怎么？允许你的头从一只狼的嘴巴和牙床中安全地伸出来，已经是莫大的报酬了。为恶人效劳，不要希望得到报酬；要是能避免伤害，已经是万幸了。 5. THE FATHER AND HIS SONSA Father had a family of sons who were perpetually quarrelling among themselves. When he failed to heal their disputes by his exhortations, he determined to give them a practical illustration of the evils of disunion; and for this purpose he one day told them to bring him a bundle of sticks. When they had done so, he placed the faggot into the hands of each of them in succession, and ordered them to break it in pieces. They each tried with all their strength, and were not able to do it. 5父亲和孩子们 一位父亲有几个孩子，这些孩子时常发生口角。他丝毫没有办法来劝阻他们，只好让他们看看不合群所带来害处的例子。为了达到这个目的，有一天他叫他们替他拿一捆细柴来。当他们把柴带来时，他便先后地将那捆柴放在每一个孩子的手中，吩咐他们弄断这捆柴。他们一个个尽力去试，总是不能成功。 He next unclosed the faggot, and took the sticks separately, one by one, and again put them into their hands, on which they broke them easily. He then addressed them in these words: My sons, if you are of one mind, and unite to assist each other, you will be as this faggot, uninjured by all the attempts of your enemies; but if you are divided among yourselves, you will be broken as easily as these sticks. 然后他解开那捆柴，一根根地放在他们手里，如此一来，他们便毫不费力地折断了。于是他就告诉他们说：孩子们！如果你们大家团结一致，互相帮助，你们就像这捆柴一样，不能被你们的敌人折断；但如果你们自行分裂，你们就将和这些散柴一般，不堪一折了。 6. THE BAT AND THE WEASELSA Bat falling upon the ground was caught by a Weasel, ofwhom he earnestly besought his life. The Weasel refused,saying, that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. TheBat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, andthus saved his life. 6蝙蝠和鼠狼 一只蝙蝠坠落到地面上来，被一只鼠狼捉住了，蝙蝠哀求讨饶。鼠狼不答应，说它自己最爱和鸟类为敌。蝙蝠便证明它自己不是鸟，只是一只老鼠，因此鼠狼就放了它。 Shortly afterwards the Bat again fellon the ground, and was carght by another Weasel, whom helikewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that hehad a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him thathe was not a mouse, but a bat; and thus a second timeescaped.It is wise to turn circumstances to good account. 不久这只蝙蝠又坠落到地上来，被另一只鼠狼捉住，它同样地哀求讨饶。那鼠狼说它自己最恨老鼠，蝙蝠证明自己并不是老鼠，而是一只蝙蝠；因此，它第二次又安然地逃离危险了。随机应变乃聪明之举。 Email中的“笑脸符号”:-)写电子邮件给朋友时，要怎样才能让他们看到你的“笑容”呢？使用“笑脸符号”吧！在公事信件中通常避免使用表情符号。但是在朋友往来的信件中，它们可是相当普遍的！它们可利用电脑键盘上的特殊符号及标志表现。 以下是一些可以用来表达心情的表情符号。 :-) 微笑 ;-) 眨眼笑 :- 生气 :-( 难过 :-( 哭 :-) 非常高兴 :-D 咧嘴笑 :-* 亲一下 :-0 哇！或是我很意外 :-P 伸舌头 :-/ 困惑的 =:O 受到惊吓（头发都直起来了） :-| 我感冒了 :- 非常生气英语习语集锦（三）on and off 间断地 例句： It rained on and off all day long。 今天断断续续地下着小雨。 on the up and up 坦率，诚实 例句：How can we know whether a person is on the up and up by his appearance! 从一个人的外表我们怎么能知道他是坦率的呢！ out and about 户外活动 例句： Mr Smith recovers quickly，and hell be out and about very soon. 史密斯先生复原得很好，很快他就能到户外活动了。 out and out 完全地，彻底地 例句：What I said is an out and out truth. 我说的全都是事实。 out of sorts 发脾气的 例句： Dont talk to him, he is out of sorts. 别跟他说话，他在发脾气。 out of temper 发怒的，发脾气 例句： The children were frightened to find him out of temper. 孩子们一见他发脾气，都吓坏了。 over and over 多次地，重复地 例句：The foreigner repeated what he said over and over，but I still couldnt understand him. 外国朋友一遍一遍地重复，但我仍然没有听懂他说什么。 pull ones leg 愚弄 例句： If you remain stuck-up, they will often try to pull your leg. 假如你还是目中无人的话，他们会常常想愚弄你的。 put away 把收起来 例句： Put away the heavy clothes. The weather is becoming much warmer. 把厚衣服收起来吧， 天气越来越暖和了。 set the world on fire 做显赫的事情 例句： People do not count him as a hero for he has not set the world on fire. 人们并不把他看作民族英雄，因为他并未做出惊天动地的事情。 silly as a goose 像鹅一样蠢 例句：Since he is as silly as a goose, he will not get a promotion. 既然他如此的不开窍，他肯定得不到提升的。 slip of the tongue 说溜了嘴 例句： The mayor really made a slip of the tongue! 市长可真是说溜了嘴了！ so long as 只要 例句： Any man will be equal to the task, so long as he is careful. 任何人都会胜任这个工作，只要他细心。 stand ones ground 坚持己见；坚守阵地 例句： Johns friends said he was mistaken, but he stood his ground. 约翰的朋友都说他错了，可是他仍然坚持己见。 take a chance 冒险 例句： We will take a chance on the weather and have the party outdoors. 我们将冒天气的险在室外聚会。 through and through 完全地，充分地 例句：You can trust him，for hes honest through and through. 你可以信任他，他是真正诚实的。 turn the cold shoulder on 冷淡 例句：He will not turn the cold shoulder on me when I am in trouble. 他不会在我困难时疏远我。 up and about 病愈 例句： Im much better now，Ive been up and about for almost a week. 我现在感觉好多了，我已经病愈差不多一个星期了。 ups and downs 盛衰，浮沉 例句： Life is hardThere are a lot of ups and downs in ones life. 生活是艰辛的，生活中充满了大多的盛衰的浮沉。 waste ones breath 白费唇舌 例句： its no use talking to him, youll only waste your breath. 和他谈话没有一点用处，你只是在白费唇舌。 You cant beat it. 这是第一流的，比不上的。 You cant beat me. 表示自己了不起。 例句：When it comes to playing football, you cant beat Billy. 论踢足球，没有人比得上比利。英语习语集锦（三）on and off 间断地 例句： It rained on and off all day long。 今天断断续续地下着小雨。 on the up and up 坦率，诚实 例句：How can we know whether a person is on the up and up by his appearance! 从一个人的外表我们怎么能知道他是坦率的呢！ out and about 户外活动 例句： Mr Smith recovers quickly，and hell be out and about very soon. 史密斯先生复原得很好，很快他就能到户外活动了。 out and out 完全地，彻底地 例句：What I said is an out and out truth. 我说的全都是事实。 out of sorts 发脾气的 例句： Dont talk to him, he is out of sorts. 别跟他说话，他在发脾气。 out of temper 发怒的，发脾气 例句： The children were frightened to find him out of temper. 孩子们一见他发脾气，都吓坏了。 over and over 多次地，重复地 例句：The foreigner repeated what he said over and over，but I still couldnt understand him. 外国朋友一遍一遍地重复，但我仍然没有听懂他说什么。 pull ones leg 愚弄 例句： If you remain stuck-up, they will often try to pull your leg. 假如你还是目中无人的话，他们会常常想愚弄你的。 put away 把收起来 例句： Put away the heavy clothes. The weather is becoming much warmer. 把厚衣服收起来吧， 天气越来越暖和了。 set the world on fire 做显赫的事情 例句： People do not count him as a hero for he has not set the world on fire. 人们并不把他看作民族英雄，因为他并未做出惊天动地的事情。 silly as a goose 像鹅一样蠢 例句：Since he is as silly as a goose, he will not get a promotion. 既然他如此的不开窍，他肯定得不到提升的。 slip of the tongue 说溜了嘴 例句： The mayor really made a slip of the tongue! 市长可真是说溜了嘴了！ so long as 只要 例句： Any man will be equal to the task, so long as he is careful. 任何人都会胜任这个工作，只要他细心。 stand ones ground 坚持己见；坚守阵地 例句： Johns friends said he was mistaken, but he stood his ground. 约翰的朋友都说他错了，可是他仍然坚持己见。 take a chance 冒险 例句： We will take a chance on the weather and have the party outdoors. 我们将冒天气的险在室外聚会。 through and through 完全地，充分地 例句：You can trust him，for hes honest through and through. 你可以信任他，他是真正诚实的。 turn the cold shoulder on 冷淡 例句：He will not turn the cold shoulder on me when I am in trouble. 他不会在我困难时疏远我。 up and about 病愈 例句： Im much better now，Ive been up and about for almost a week. 我现在感觉好多了，我已经病愈差不多一个星期了。 ups and downs 盛衰，浮沉 例句： Life is hardThere are a lot of ups and downs in ones life. 生活是艰辛的，生活中充满了大多的盛衰的浮沉。 waste ones breath 白费唇舌 例句： its no use talking to him, youll only waste your breath. 和他谈话没有一点用处，你只是在白费唇舌。 You cant beat it. 这是第一流的，比不上的。 You cant beat me. 表示自己了不起。 例句：When it comes to playing football, you cant beat Billy. 论踢足球，没有人比得上比利。英语习语集锦（二）hang in the balance 未见分晓 例句： After the surgery, the patient became very sick and her life hung in the balance for nearly a week. 手术后，那个病人非常虚弱，将近一个星期他的生命在垂危中。 hang-up （情感上的）障碍, 大难题 例句： Mary has a real hang-up about cats and doesnt like to be in the same room with them. 玛丽对猫有一种摆脱不掉的厌烦，因此不愿意和猫在同一个房间。 high and dry 被抛弃的，处于痛苦之中的 例句： George took all the money away and left his companions high and dry，with nothing to buy the tickets. 乔治带走了所有的钱，把他的同事抛弃了，连买车票的钱也没有。 high and low 到处 例句： I looked high and low for my pen，but I couldnt find it anywhere. 我到处找我的钢笔，但我怎么也找不到它。 hit upon 偶然想出 例句： He crouched there for a long time before he hit upon a plan to defeat his antagonist. 他蹲在那里很长一段时间后，突然想出了一个挫败他对手的计划。 in a bind 窘迫 例句： when he asked me to marry him, I felt in a bind. 当他向我求婚时， 我感到很窘迫。 in the doghouse 窘迫，陷入困境 例句： The whole team was in the doghouse because they lost the game. 由于输掉了比赛，整队都陷入困境。 in luck 幸运 例句： Mary dropped her glasses and they did not break, so she was in luck. 玛丽的眼镜掉在地上而没有摔坏，所以她是幸运的。 ins and outs 错综复杂事物的因果 例句： After careful investigation, he got to know the ins and outs of the accident. 经过仔细的调查，他终于弄清了事件的前因后果。 Its in Gods hands 听天由命 例句： Its in Gods hands and we have prepared for the worst. 听天由命吧， 我们已经做最坏的准备了。 Lay stress on / upon 着重，重视 例句： In his speech Mr. Brown laid stress on the sagacity of cats. 布朗先生在他的讲座里强调了猫的灵性。 let sleeping dogs lie 莫惹是非 例句： Dont tell the teacher what you have done. Let sleeping dogs lie. 不要告诉老师你做了什么。莫惹是非。 lose ones temper 发脾气 例句： he lost his temper when he broke the key in the lock. 他把钥匙弄断在锁里了，就发起了脾气。 make ends meet 使收支平衡 例句： I have to take two part-time jobs at the same time to make ends meet. 为了收支平衡， 我不得不同时作两份兼职。 make use of 使用，利用 例句： He will make use of all the odds and ends. 他会利用所有这一切零碎东西。 monkey business 胡闹 例句： he told the boys to quit their monkey business, or he would call a teacher. 他告诉那些男孩子不要再胡闹，不然他就叫老师。英语习语集锦（一）a big fish in a small pond 小地方的大人物 例句：In her hometown, she was a big fish in a small pond，but after she moved to New York, she was just only one among many millions. 在她家乡，她很了不起。可是搬到纽约后，她就不过是芸芸众生之一了。 a stones throw一箭之遥 例句： He lives only a stones throw from here. 他住的地方离这儿只有一箭之遥。 all gone 希望等的消逝， 物品等的丢失。 例句：My goodness! My bag is all gone. 天呀！我的包不见了。 Our hopes were all gone. 我们的希望成泡影了。 all for it 对别人的看法或意见完全同意，完全赞成 例句： Go ahead with your plan. Im all for it. 进行你的计划吧， 我完全赞成。 all in all 常用的片语，表示总的来说，总而言之， 例句： He has his faults, but all in all, he is a good guy. as clear as mud 不清晰，混乱 例句：Your explanation is as clear as mud. 你的解释一点都不清晰。 as soft as down 柔软如绒毛 例句：I lay fast asleep on the couch, which was as soft as down, and did not wake until late in the morning. 我在软如绒毛般的长沙发椅上睡着了，一直睡到早晨很晚才醒来。 at full blast全速地；大规模地 例句：When we visited the place, work on the construction site was at full blast and all the workers seemed to be working very hard. 当我们去参观时，建筑工地的工作已经全面展开，而且所有的人都在忙碌着。 be above board 光明正大的 be crazy about 爱的发狂 例句： I am really crazy about Michael Jacksons rocknroll. 我对麦克杰克逊的摇滚爱的发狂。 be for the birds 荒唐可笑的；毫无价值的 例句：Their opinions on art are simply for the birds. 他们对艺术的见解真是荒唐可笑。 beat it 叫人走开的口语，和Be off!差不多，不过比后者更流行。 例句：He kept on bothering me, so I told him to beat it. 他不停地烦我，因此我叫他走开。 beat ones brains (out) 指做事困难，伤透了脑筋 例句：I beat my brains (out) to get a job. 为了找寻工作，我伤透了脑筋。 beat sb to the draw 抢先某人行动 例句： Mary wanted to buy that painting by Picasso, but another millionaire beat her to the draw. 玛丽想买毕加索的那幅画，不过另一个百万富翁捷足先登了。 beat someone by miles 远强于某人 例句：When it comes to fishing, I beat him by miles. 讲到钓鱼，我比他棒得多。 beef 口语上常用来指抱怨或发牢骚；作动词时后面跟about. 例句：Tell me whats your beef? 你抱怨什么？ before you know it 口语为很快。 例句：I come b