2018高中英语人教版必修3课件unit4astronomythescienceofthestars_1

Section Learning about Language,Using Language,Summing Up & Learning Tip,一,二,三,一、阅读下列句子,指出黑体词或词组的含义 1.The satellite will be used mainly to relay(转播) television programmes. 含义 2.Cheer up!You have another chance. 含义 3.Who is the man giving a speech in the hall? He is Li Jiang,a famous physicist. 含义,卫星,振作起来,物理学家,一,二,三,4.Now that everyone is here,lets begin our discussion. 含义 5.What subject do you like best? Biology. 含义,既然,生物学,一,二,三,二、阅读课文A VISIT TO THE MOON,根据课文内容判断正“T”误“F” ( )1.The force of gravity changed three times and the last change was the most powerful. ( )2.We were too far from the earth to feel its pull. ( )3.On the moon,our weight would be less than on the earth because we were too far from it. ( )4.Leaving the moons gravity was as painful as leaving the earths. ( )5.Space travel was very exhausting,so the writer didnt like it at all.,F,T,F,F,F,一,二,三,三、阅读课文A VISIT TO THE MOON,选择正确答案 1.The passage is mainly about . A.an introduction of the moon B.the gravity that I felt on my way to the moon C.my visit to the moon D.my friend Li Yanping,an astronomer 2.From the text,we know that the force of the gravity would change times. A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5,C,B,一,二,三,3.When or where did the author feel strongest of the gravity of the earth? A.On the moon. B.On the half way to the moon. C.At the very beginning. D.On their leaving from the moon. 4.What causes the author to feel that he becomes weightless on the moon? A.Spaceship. B.Gravity. C.His friend. D.Good feelings.,C,B,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1.As a result of this event,a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.(P29) 正因为这一事件,天空中形成了一团巨大的尘云,挡住了阳光。 剖析本句中的动词-ing短语blocking out the sunlight在句中作结果状语,句子的主谓部分与分词之间含有逻辑上的因果关系。动词-ing短语在句中作结果状语时,通常位于句末,中间可以用逗号隔开,也可以不用。如: The new machines will work faster,thus reducing our cost. 新的机器将运转得更快,因此降低了我们的成本。 Carbon burns in oxygen or air,forming carbon dioxide. 碳在氧气或空气中燃烧,形成了二氧化碳。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点 block out挡住,遮住(光线和声音);忘掉,抹去(不愉快的事) The noise from the car blocked out the sound of our voices. 汽车的噪音把我们的声音盖下去了。 An ugly building blocked out the view from the window. 一座难看的大楼把窗外的景物遮住了。 I try to block out the unpleasant experience. 我尽力去忘记那段不愉快的经历。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出block的词组及意义。 Various barricades block off all the main streets of the city. 各种路障封锁住了城里所有的主要道路。 词组 block off 意义 封锁,封闭 The traffic is very heavy and has begun to block up the streets. 交通很拥挤,已经开始把街道阻塞了。 词组 block up 意义 阻塞,塞住,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,My nose is blocked up with the cold. 由于感冒,我的鼻子不通气。 词组 block up 意义 封住(孔,洞) We found that a big elephant blocked our way. 我们发现一头大象挡住了去路。 词组 block ones way 意义 挡住某人的路,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,block 词组归纳: block off封锁,封闭 block up阻塞,塞住;封住(孔,洞等) block ones way挡住某人的路,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,2.As the rocket rose into the air,we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.(P30) 随着火箭的升空,由于我们在挣脱地球的引力,我们被向后推在座位上。 剖析本句是一个复合句,As the rocket rose into the air是一个时间状语从句;because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity是一个原因状语从句。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点 pull n.拉(力);拖;牵引力 Finally,there was a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught. 最后,鱼竿猛地一拉,钓上了一条鱼。 To escape the pull of the earth,a rocket must reach a speed of 28,440 km/h. 要想脱离地球的吸引力,火箭的速度必须达到每小时28,440千米。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 (1)阅读下列句子,指出pull的词性及含义。 Pull the door open.Dont push it. 把门拉开,不要推。 词性 及物动词 含义 拉 【高考典句】(2016全国高考丙阅读B)When her dinner partner showed up,she also pulled up a chair. 当她的就餐伙伴出现时,她也拉过一把椅子。 词性 及物动词 含义 拖拽 The dentist pulled one of my teeth. 牙医拔掉了我的一颗牙。 词性 及物动词 含义 拔出,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,The advertisement pulled young people to the new product. 这则广告引起了年轻人对这款新产品的关注。 词性 及物动词 含义 吸引 (2)阅读下列句子,指出pull的词组及意义。 She pulled on her boots and then left the house. 她穿上靴子,然后离家走了。 词组 pull on 意义 穿上;戴上 The boy pulled his shirt off and threw it onto his bed. 这个男孩把衬衣脱掉往他的床上一扔。 词组 pull off 意义 脱下 Several houses were pulled down to make way for the new road. 为了给新修的道路让路,几座房屋被拆毁了。 词组 pull down 意义 拆毁,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,He pulled in for gas. 他把车开进加油站加油。 词组 pull in 意义 (车辆)进站停靠 11.The anchor was raised and the ship pulled out. 船起了锚,离开了海岸。 词组 pull out 意义 (轮船、火车等)离站 12.The expert medical treatment pulled him through. 高超的医疗技术使他恢复了健康。 词组 pull through 意义 康复,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,13.The policeman pulled up the motorist and asked to see his licence. 警察让那个开车的人停下来,并要求看他的执照。 词组 pull up 意义 使停下/(车)停下 14.【高考典句】(2016全国高考乙完形填空)Larry pulled over,set the brake and got hold of the fire extinguisher. 拉里在路边停下车,设置驻车制动,拿起灭火器。 词组 pull over 意义 在路边停车 (3)辨析pull,drag,draw和push的不同用法。 pull指各种情况的拉,但有时强调一时或突然地拉。 drag指慢慢地平拉,往往指费力拉笨重的东西。 draw指比较轻松地拉物体,用力较小。 push是指“推”,用力方向与上述三者相反。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,pull词组归纳: pull on穿上;戴上 pull off脱下 pull down拆毁 pull in(车辆)进站停靠 pull out(轮船、火车等)离站 pull through康复 pull up使停下/(车)停下 pull over在路边停车,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,3.I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.(P31) 我立刻感到很高兴,由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去,我望着(身后的)地球越来越小,而(前方的)月球越来越大。 剖析本句中的动词-ing短语watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger作伴随状语。动词-ing(短语)作伴随状语时,伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语,伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。如: They stood there for an hour,watching the game. 他们在那儿站了一个小时,观看比赛。 She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. 她坐在课桌旁,看报纸。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点 cheer up 感到高兴;感到振奋 Upon arriving at the classroom,the author was cheered up by a warm welcome. 一到教室,作者就被热烈的欢迎振奋了精神。 Cheer up!Things will work out for the best. 振作起来!事情会有好结果的。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 (1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义。 The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 女王出现时,群众高声欢呼。 词性 不及物动词 含义 欢呼;喝彩 His speech was cheered by the audience. 他的演说博得了听众的喝彩。 词性 及物动词 含义 喝彩,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Cheers!With our coffee cups for our future! 以咖啡代酒,为我们的未来干杯! 词性 感叹词 含义 干杯(用于祝酒) She masked her sufferings with a cheerful smile. 她用欢快的笑容掩盖了内心的痛苦。 词性 形容词 含义 欢快的,愉快的 (2)阅读下列句子,指出cheer的词组及意义。 【高考典句】(2016天津高考完形填空)Cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments. 凯茜没有期望任何奖赏,但仍在那儿为她的朋友们鼓劲加油,并且赞美他们的技能。 词组 cheer sb.on 意义 为某人加油,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,cheer用法归纳: cheer vt. & vi. 欢呼,喝彩 cheers干杯(用于祝酒) cheerful adj.欢快的,愉快的 cheer sb.on为某人加油,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,4.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31) 但是当我试着向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。 考点 倍数的表达法 Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。 As we all know,cats sleep twice as much as people every day. 众所周知,猫每天睡觉的时间比人长一倍。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出倍数的表达方式。 The production of grain has increased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了四倍。 方式一:主语+谓语+by+倍数。表示“主语了多少倍”。 The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球的大小是月球的49倍。 方式二:主语+谓语+ 倍数+the size(或amount,length.)+of +被比较的内容。用于尺寸、体积、数量、长度等的比较。 The number of the students in this school of 2015 is three times that of 2014. 这个学校2015年的学生数目是2014年的三倍。 方式三:主语+谓语+倍数+that of.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,My new house is twice bigger than my parents. 我的新房子是我父母的房子的两倍大。 方式四:主语(A)+谓语+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+ than+B。表示“A比B多少倍”。 The population of the city now is three times what it was ten years ago. 这个城市现在的人口是10年前的三倍。 方式五:主语+谓语+倍数+what从句,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,倍数的表达方式: 1.主语+谓语+by+倍数。 2.主语+谓语+倍数+the size(amount,length.)+of+被比较的内容。 3.主语+谓语+倍数+that of. 4.主语(A)+谓语+倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B 5.主语+谓语+倍数+what从句,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,5.“Oh,dear,”I cried,“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”(P31) “天哪,”我大声说,“重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。” 剖析本句中does对谓语动词need进行强调,起到加强语气的作用。对谓语动词进行强调时,常用助动词 do、does、did来表示强调。如: Do come on time! 一定要按时来! He did go to see his doctor yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他的确去看医生了。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点 now that 既然 Now that you are on the business,whats your advice for someone to become a fashion designer? 既然你是从事这个行业的,你对于想成为一个时尚设计师的人有什么建议? Now that you are a college student,you should learn to be independent of your parents help. 既然你已是个大学生了,就应当学着独立,不靠父母的帮助。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 辨析because,since/as/now that和for的不同用法。 Why do you want to go there with me? 为什么你想和我去那儿? Because I want to take care of you. 因为我想去照顾你。 because表示直接的原因,常用来回答why引起的问句;此外,在强调句型中,如果需要强调原因,也只能用because。 Since/As/Now that everything is ready,lets begin. 既然一切准备就绪,我们就开始吧! since/as/now that语气较弱,常用来说明已知的原因。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Spring may come here,for birds are singing in the forest. 春天可能来了,因为鸟儿在林中歌唱。 for用来表示原因时是并列连词,for后的句子对前面的话进行解释,常用逗号同前面的句子分开,for不放在句首。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6.We watched,amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.(P31) 我们惊奇地看着,随着地球引力的增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。 考点 break out 突发;爆发 I was still sleeping when the fire broke out and then it spread quickly. 我还在睡觉时着火了,然后火迅速蔓延。 War broke out one evening. 一天晚上,战争爆发了。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,考点延伸 阅读下列句子,指出break的词组及意义。 The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. 当他在因特网上搜索信息时,电脑系统突然崩溃了。 词组 break down 意义 (机器)出故障 The police came to break up the crowd. 警察来把人群驱散开。 词组 break up 意义 驱散,解散 Please dont break in on our conversation. 请别打断我们的谈话。 词组 break in 意义 打断,干扰,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,We may break off relations with that country. 我们有可能和那个国家断绝关系。 词组 break off 意义 (使)断开 You must break away from such bad habits. 你必须戒掉这样的坏习惯。 词组 break away from 意义 戒掉 We had to break into the house as we had lost the key. 因为我们弄丢了钥匙,所以不得不破门而入。 词组 break into 意义 闯入/破门而入,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,break词组归纳: break down(机器)出故障 break up驱散,解散 break in打断,干扰 break off(使)断开 break away from戒掉 break into闯入/破门而入,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7.Watch out for.(P31) 当心 考点 watch out