[工学]通信英语阅读练习.doc

GMDSS英语阅读练习4一、缩略语1、ETAEstimate Time of Arrival预计抵达时间Estimated Time of Arrival预计抵达时间Estimating Time of Arrival预计抵达时间Estimated Time of Arriving预计抵达时间2、MFMedium Frequency 中频Medium Frequency 高频Medium Frequency 甚高频Medium Frequency 射频3、MMSIMaritime Mobile System Identification 海上移动系统识别Maritime Mobile System Identity 海上移动系统识别Maritime Mobile Service Identity 海上移动业务识别Maritime Mobile Service Identification海上移动业务识别4、NCCNetwork Coorperation Center网络协调中心Network Coordination Center网络协作中心Network Coorperation Center网络协调中心Network Coordination Center网络协调中心5、SSBSignal Side Band 单边带Single Side Band 单边带Signale Side Band 单边带Single Slide Band 单边带二、单选题1、 Which of the following equipments on board is for the COSPAS-SARSAT system? A:DSCB:NAVTEXC:VHFD:EPIRB2、Please choose the INMARSAT-C NCS ID of the W-AOR: A:044B:001C:211D:1443、 Which service does not the EGC system have? A:Safety NETB:Fleet NETC:SARTD:Sending MSI4、The VHF CH70 could be used to send _: A:FAXB:DSCC:NBDPD:SSB5、In each NAVTEX message there is a technical code (B1B2B3B4):which character is the station identification ? A:B1B:B2C:B3D:B3B46、The following radio communication systems are used in GMDSS except the INMARSAT system: A:VHFB:VHF MF and HF terrestrial systemsC:the COSPAS-ASRSAT systemD:the FLAG SIGNAL systems7、Which equipment is required to be carried in the all sea areas ? A:VHFB:MFC:HFD:SES8、Where is the INMARSATS headquarters? A:ChinaB:The U:S:AC:the United KingdomD:Canada9、The Maritime safety information contains _: A:distress messageB:Urgency messageC:Distress alertD:Navigational and meteorological warnings10、Both the satellite communication and terrestrial communications will _: A:not be used in the GMDSSB:be used only for general communicationsC:be replaced by MorseD:be used in the GMDSS11、If we pass this test it may be possible for us to obtain A:The First-class Radioelectronic CertificateB:The Second-class Radioelectronic CertificateC:The General Operators CertificateD:The Restricted Operators Certificate12、Which of the following statement is correct?A:2182 KHz is a carrier frequency used for distress and safety communications using radio telegraphy which class of emission is A1A:B:2187:5 KHz is a carrier frequency used for distress and safety calls using digital selective calling:C:2187:5 KHz is a carrier frequency used for distress and safety calls using narrow-band-direct-printing:D:2182 KHz is a carrier frequency used for distress and safety traffic using narrow band direct printing:13、There are VHF equipments and either a satellite EPIRB or a VHF EPIRB on board according to the equipment carriage requirement:Which sea area does the ship sail? A:A1B:A2C:A3D:A414、Which of the following description of usage is suitable for 2174:5KHz frequency? A:MSIB:NBDPC:DSCD:RT15、Which of the following description about Sea Area A3 is correct? A:an area within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one VHF coast station and one MF coast stationB:an area, including Sea Area A1 and A2, within the coverage of an INMARSAT geostationary satellite.C:An area, excluding Sea Area A1 and A2, within the coverage of an INMARSAT geostationary satellite.D:An area, excluding Sea Area A1 and A2, within the coverage of an COSPASSARSAT system.16、In the COSPAS-SARSAT system, there are _types of beacons at present? A:3B:2C:1D:417、The medical message should be preceded by the word _. A:OBSB:TMZC:MEDICOD:NW18、All the distress message should be preceded by _. A:PAN PANB:SECURITEC:MAYDAYD:MEDICO19、What final place is a distress call/message routed to? A:CESB:NCSC:RCCD:MCC20、The date for entry into full effect for GMDSS is 1st February _.。 A:1999B:1992C:1995D:1997三、阅读理解 PASSAGE1.The Inmarsat system provides priority access to satellite communications channels in emergency situations. Each MES is capable of initiating a request message with distress priority. Any request message with a distress priority indication is automatically recognized at the LES and a satellite channel is instantly assigned. If all satellite channels happen to be busy, one of them will be pre-empted and allocated to the MES which initiated the distress priority call. The processing of such calls is completely automatic and does not involve any human intervention. The LES personnel, however, are notified of the reception and passing through of a distress priority message by audio/visual alarms.To ensure the correct treatment of distress priority request the NCS in each ocean region automatically monitors the processing of such calls by all other LESs in that region. In the event that any anomalies in processing are detected, the NCS will take appropriate action for the establishment of the end-to-end connections. In addition, the monitoring NCS also checks the LES identity contained in the distress priority message and automatically accepts the call if an identity of a non-operational LES has been detected (which may happen due to operator error aboard the vessel in distress).The distress priority applies not only with respect to satellite channels but also to the automatic routing of the call to the appropriate rescue authority. Each LES in the system is required to provide reliable telephone and telex interconnection with a rescue coordination centre (RCC). These national rescue centers are usually known as associated RCCs. The means of LES-RCC interconnection may vary from country to country and may include use of dedicated lines or public switched networks. Thus, any distress priority request message received at the LES is automatically processed and passed to the associated RCC. Some LESs, due to national considerations, pass distress priority messages to special operators, who are responsible for the subsequent routing of the call to the appropriate RCC or provide an option which allows the shipboard operator to contact any RCC when a satellite channel has been assigned on the distress priority basis.The initiation of a distress priority message in most MESs is made simple for ship crew members by provision of a distress button or code in the MES. On activation of this button, the equipment instantaneously transmits a distress priority alert. This single operation, a push of the distress button provides automatic, direct and assured connection to a competent rescue authority. This avoids the need for the MES operator to select or key the telex or telephone number of the RCC thereby eliminating possible human error. The establishment of this end-to-end connection, being completely automatic and on a priority basis, takes only a few seconds.1、 What will happen when the ship in distress send alert via satellite, if all satellite channels are busy? A. The ship in distress needs waiting for several minutes.B. One of busy channels will be pre-empted and allocated to the MES.C. A special channel will be used.D. The distress and safety channels will be used.2、 What will the NCS do to deal with the distress priority call, if an identity of a non-operational LES is detected.A. relay the callB. neglect the callC. automatically accepts the callD. communicate with the calling LES3、 Any distress priority request message received at the LES will be ( ).A. automatically processedB. passed to the associated RCCC. passed to special operatorsD. A&B4、 Which of the following statements is not correct according to this passage?A. The monitoring NCS will check the LES identity contained in the distress priority message.B. The initiation of a distress priority message in is usually rnade by a distress button.C. Each MES is capable of initiating a request message with distress priority.D. The RCC will automatically accepts the distress priority call, if an identity of a non-operational LES has been detected.5、If you were in distress in the area of south China sea, which RCC should be connected to provide help.A. FRANCE RCCB. USCGC. SINGAPORE RCCD.AUSTRALIA RCCPASSAGE2.To operate any Inmarsat equipment is it essential to acquire the satellite signal (Common Signaling Channel), and lock on to that signal before the equipment can operate. In principle, the satellite has to be acquired either manually or automatically by pointing the antenna accurately towards the satellite for the chosen Ocean Region. Inmarsat-C equipment uses a small omni-directional type of antenna which only requires an unobstructed line-of-sight view of the satellite.Inmarsat-A, B and M Ship Earth Stations use high gain parabolic dish or phased array antennas which must be pointed at the required satellite quite precisely. Such antennas must be steered and gyro-stabilized against the ships motion. The ships gyro input is fed into the Ship Earth Station and allows the antenna to remain pointed at the satellite while the ship is moving.A manual means of antenna adjustment is usually available by which the azimuth and elevation of the antenna can be altered to aim at the satellite. The beamwidth of a typical antenna is wide enough that the antenna only needs to see the signal as the antenna is manually aimed towards the satellite for the terminal to acquire the common signaling channel signal. Once the equipment has achieved an initial coarse acquisition of the satellite, the electronic circuits within the equipment, (step track circuits) perform the fine adjustment to obtain the strongest signal and lock on to the satellite. Most Ship Earth Stations are able to adjust their antennas to find the satellite automatically after input of the ships latitude and longitude. Where the ships navigational system is linked directly to the terminal, the entire satellite acquisition sequence may be programmed to take place automatically at switch on. The full automated acquisition sequence may take several minutes to complete properly.In the event that the required satellite has to be acquired manually, the first step is to determine the required azimuth and elevation values appropriate to the terminals position. The azimuth and elevation charts for the four Ocean Regions are recommended for this purpose. The basic azimuth and elevation of the satellite in relation to the ships current position can be read directly from the given chart.It will be necessary, however, to make a correction for the actual heading of the ship since the charts are based on a heading of 000 degrees. The adjustment for the ships heading should be made before adjusting the azimuth and elevation of the antenna.As the correct azimuth and elevation settings of the antenna are approached, the signal strength indicator will rise showing that a signal from the satellite is being received. The procedure then is to adjust the antenna manually for the best signal strength possible and let Step track circuits of the Ship Earth Station take over to continue tracking the satellite automatically.1、 What will be acquired by the Inmarsat equipment before the communication via satellite?A. the satellite antennaB. the satellite signalC. the satellite codeD. the satellite height2、 The available manual means of antenna adjustment is _.A. alter the azimuth of the antennaB. alter the elevation of the antennaC. alter the height and elevation of the antennaD. alter the azimuth and elevation of the antenna3、 After inputting _ the Ship Earth Stations are able to adjust their antennas to find the satellite automatically. A. the ships latitude and longitudeB. the ships speed and courseC. the ships ocean regionD. the ships MMSI4、 When the correct azimuth and elevation settings of the antenna are approached, the signal strength indicator will _.A. reduce showingB. stop showingC. begin to showD. rise showing5、Which of the following statements is not correct according to this passage?A. To operate any Inmarsat equipment is it essential to acquire the satellite signalB. Inmarsat-A, B and M Ship Earth Stations use high gain parabolic dish or phased array antennasC. A manual means of antenna adjustment is usually available by which the azimuth and elevation of the antenna can be altered to aim at the satellite.D.It wont be necessary to make a correction for the actual heading of the ship since the charts are based on a heading of 000 degrees.PASSAGE3.General Introduction A unique problem in accounting, billing and settling of communication charges is caused by ships of different nationalities, traveling across international waters, and communicating with other ships or countries, each with its own national currency. To deal with this problem, the maritime industry, with the advent of HF and MF radio com?munications, devised a special billing and settlement process. This process has proved to be suitable for application to satellite communications, and so has been adopted by Inmarsat for the mar?itime user.This section explains the Inmarsat accounting, billing and settlement process, from the ship making a call, to the shipping company receiving and settling the bill.The billing and settlement process - ship-to-shore callsThe billing and settlement process in use today for a ship-to-shore call via the Inmarat system is as follows:A ship making a call via the Inmarat system involves several different elements.Depending on the nature of the call, these elements can include the satellite link to a se?lected CES (known as the Space Segment), the CES, and the terrestrial lines (in one or more countries).The CES through which the call was placed calculates the cost of using all of the ele?ments involved, in order to find a total cost for the call. If the call involves two or more countries (The country where the CES is located and the destination country), the charge for the use of the different national landlines is based on the international bal?ancing agreement existing between the countries involved.The CES invoices the total cost of the call to an entity known as an Accounting Au?thority (AA), which acts as intermediary for billing and settlement between a particu?lar ship, the owner/shipping company, and all CESs which the ship has used.Optionally, in addition to nominating an Accounting Authority on the Commissioning Application Form, an Applicant may also nominate a Billing Entity (BE) as an al?ternative method of billing. The BE must be approved by the National Routing Organi?zation.The AA/BE may make a charge for its services.When an SES makes a call through a CES, the CES checks its SES database to find the AA acting for the ship.Each CES used by the ship passes the total costs for the traffic originated by that ship/ SES via that CES to the AA acting for the ship. The AA consolidates all invoices from the different CESs used by that ship over a given period.The AA then invoices the shipping company for the total consolidated amount, and pluses any handling charge already agreed with the shipping company.The AA pays the individual amounts due to each CES involved, and the shipping com?pany must pay the AA.Inmarsat separately invoices each CES directly for its use of the space segment.1、 A ship making a call via the Inmarat system involves the several different elements, except_.A. the selected CESB. the space segmentC. TT&CD. terrestrial lines2、 Which institution calculates the cost of using all of the ele-ments involved, in order to find a total cost for the call?A. The CES through which the call was placed.B. the Calling SESC. the ITUD. the Called SES3、 The CES invoices the total cost of the call to an intermediary known as _.A. CCIRB. Accounting Au-thorityC. AAICD. ITU4、 According to this passage, which statement is correct?A. The shipping com-pany directly pays the individual amounts due to each CES involved.B. The AA can not make a charge for its services.C. The BE may make a charge for its services.D. Inmarsat invoices each CES for its use of the space segment through the AA.5、Which of the following statements is not correct according to this passage?A.A ship making a call via the Inmarat system involves several different elements.B.The AA/BE may make a charge for its services.C.When an SES makes a call through a CES, the CES checks its SES database to find the AA acting for the ship.D.The AA consolidates all invoices from the exactly same CES used by that ship over a given period.PASSAGE4.Inmarsat Help-lines, which contain information about the various Inmarsat services, are available to any person, ashore or afloat, who has access to the International telephone and telex networks.The equipment that should be used to access the dial-up Help-line is a Hayes compatible modem at any speed up to and including 9600 bps, a personal computer (PC) or terminal unit, and communications software with a Capture mode available. Contact may be made to the modem on United Kingdom (UK) telephone line 01278 772342 (+44 1278772342 International). This service is continuous, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Before using the (PC) Help-line ensure that the communications software has been set to Capture mode. Once the modem Handshake has been successfully carried out you will see a welcome message on your screen. Follow the instructions on the screen to use the system, but do not use the . (full stop) as a delimiter, use the (return) key to enter your requirements.The Help-line is a