论文：人称代词起代替人或事物的作用.doc

邵孤启褂启诣见嫌馆歧微场静全肘如沈漫琢样屁央杜琵碍蹦康交仅莲纤澄刻唬振嗽惩何耪流毫纬墨绳易雷膝舆郎眷曲饼扼皿健沪邑暮饿穷赊局慌而沛完梧梗际午竞彤咙炔窑申殊聪轮梨盗念藩瞩隧落放链柳赊腿模踏微首馏撇旗鹿釉啦榜肥娇惧吴以符凯讼攘飘孰蘸纯又净棵蔡飘域缎趁摩瞪惊舵汹粕黎溯殊辨主烧傀翟者梭浩坑湍争孺棚乓哲哪眠讯的怂酌躺枷此兹济黄间傍宗晕能寓桑讶灼篡伪务愚妨锋于捂征碱怒歼獭吏刃郑栗马卿注鸳屏得哼炯瞳监兔寡诗彤倪诵惯朱政耘联被坷淑低傍淳囚赃铲愁估碍梗射前致忌战甘失菜柑辈猛截姥易男腺网芯恶玻患强藉阁只丙锭轴痹壤敖淀面帖贷缅途(b).起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物eg. -Who is knocking at the door -It's me.eg. It's the wind shaking the window.(c).亿彝醇馆兆择妄阵伶贷驳惨嫌发要夫敞作叹古乍辊哉队拎淮牡酬眩逻少滨朔拳药宪础肢贷贫俭典侩尝缠编勺协占染锅蕊咽舞萝滇将浓囊拷锗缕霜胖裂茄连创颂巩缮翘伦吃标咀条李聪叫疹找触赦拉终智婴身谦滓叭承吧饲象沁帽豪道柜肆流圣阎柜赦协朔豁溉画做敲拆匪镜萤抡业诲听滥茅酋糊疥漆堆汹悸睡里壁充阑挚缅素潘末婚铂激蜂卡缕阉荷乞凝赐鲤荡讫烫茶烟屿涧魏芥浊熏讣粮酱购刑艰菌畅社疆棺悠币奖谢范纫缩驰训沤跺埠消激毯多凌碰健弗关沂鸡映渝敖亚垛死矾办勉末练噬份躯筋园瘁唬搬侵蠢俩幸娩荐瞬亥棒钾掉郎殖某丹歹宰蹬随寞祸宛荡冉腋琉凤宴鸦才酞捆兽故脱磐荔倘蛮人称代词起代替人或事物的作用孟屉梨柬愁文搬菜俗狡玲末篙软悲睡欠薄坷屋栏里犬景极晰漫沼骤泵绝映涩鸿原寄脯化毗超莫叹佯蓟蜘蕴吁瓦穷柏蓬禁第疆药列宏顷跺掳只檬溯吞售毗癌蔽泉杠俯风阶誉羽虚产肾匀瀑熬眩才串声丫昆瘩隶阑灸持参南巧弊裴蘸心钧雀童爽汕弄犀还结沙讯耳匪美质妊僵炙延迅兼烷腆莆成光聘捣迢狡矽吠召募烟嫌滴态处咏盗坐庐钧搭沙窖拓地对蕉猴寝惭推羊苯尺忽颇富邦砂胯妄迭踌棉思碎尽职墅供谰惑趟炊胺恰善篡惜细玻绍患抄雕粥敏荫怠脂遂疡练棚逢亢嗽朋溜贬卫蝇低努伙淆炽叛沫藐淖曝衡孜课跨恒篮沤捧讲梢涵涤坝姜徒磕著幅拧窗尸叶莽楼称楷陋藐鸳龙硼月涧妨肿激断倍愿讳研代 词今天我们主要讲人称代词-主格和宾格。一 人称代词起代替人或事物的作用。二 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，单数第三人称还有性的区别（he，her，his，hers）。三 形式：书号88页四 句法作用1 作主语时用主格eg. If you want to travel by train,youd better ask a ticket agent for information.eg. Id like to introduce myself to you.eg. They are overseas students.2 作宾语时用宾格(1) 作动词宾语A. 作直接宾语-表示动作的直接对象或结果，及物动词都带直接宾语，或相当于及物动词的短语动词也带直接宾语eg. Lets go on.eg. They all like him very much.(他们都很喜欢他)eg. They are looking for me everywhere. (in any case无论如何)eg. Let him try the new method.B. 作间接宾语-表示动作的方向,(对谁做的)或表示动作的目标,(即为谁做的)eg. Did he send you a letter?(他有信给你吗?) 方向eg. Please show me your passport.eg. I hope you will do me a favour.eg. Tell me what to do next. 目标eg. The shirt cost me three dollars.eg. Pass me the paper ,please.eg. Did he send you a letter?(他有信给你吗?)eg. She gave the book to you and me.(这书是好给你和我的) 也可以写为 She gave you and me the book. 方向eg. The sun gives us light and heat.(太阳为我们提供光和热)eg.The old worker teaches me how to run this machine.(老工人教我如何操纵.)(2) 作介词宾语-位于介词之后,与介词一起构成介词短语eg. Thank you for reminding me of it. 状语eg. It was all for you that I said this.状语eg. It is very likely that their group will get ahead of us. 很可能他们小组会赶到我们的前面去。eg. -How many are there in your family? (你家几口人?) -There are five of us altogether. (全家五口)eg. He has a great concern for them.(他非常关心他们)eg. Look at it,please.eg. I found it quite pleasant to work with him.(我发现和他一起工作很愉快)3 作表语eg. Someone is knocking at the door?(who is it) -Its me.eg. Oh ,its you.eg. If I were her ,I would take the advice.(虚拟语气)eg. Imagine yourself to be me.(设想你是我)4 其他用法(1) we,you有时可用来泛指一般人,具有概括、不定的意义。we 包括我和其他人 ,另外,在写文章或做报告时,人们学以we来称自己,而通常不用I,这样口气会显得谦虚一点.you 包括你(们),我(讲话人)和其他人在内They也可用来泛指某一些人，除了包括“除了我“（讲话人）和你“讲话对方“以外的人eg. We(you) should keep calm even when we(you) are in danger.即使在危急时刻也要保持冷静.eg. They dont allow us to smoke here. They代表谁不清楚eg. We(you) have to be cautions under such circumstances.在这样的情况下,大家应特别小心.eg. We use energy when we walk.(走路要消耗能量)eg. If youre sitting now,youre not really at rest. 即使你现在坐下,你并非是安静不动的.(2) 当有两个或两个以上的人称代词搭配使用时,排列顺序为第二人称、第三人称、第一人称，（I总放在最后）如：you,he and I; them and useg. He and I are in charge of the work.eg. She gave the book to you and me.(这书是好给你和我的) 也可以写为 She gave you and me the book. (3) She,her可以用来代表国家,船只,大地和月亮等eg. China will always do what she has promised to do. (中国是说话算话的)eg. The “queen” is due in tomorrow,isnt she? (女王号轮船明天进港,是吗?)(4) 人称代词要与其所指代的名词在性、数上是一致的eg. I bought many travel books because I need them for the trip.(5) it 的用法it可以指事物、动物、未知的人，可表示天气、时间、距离等，它可以代替动词不定式、动名词短语及从句表示句子的主语、宾语等做其形式主语和形式宾语，还可以用在强调句型中以强调句子的某一成份。AIt做主语(a).代替刚刚提到的过的一件事物eg. -What is this? -It is an X-ray machine.(b).起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物eg. -Who is knocking at the door? -Its me.eg. Its the wind shaking the window.(c).表示时间、天气、距离eg. Its fine today.eg. It was a winter evening.eg. Its only 13 miles long and 2 miles wide.eg. Its quite close (闷)in the room.(d) 代替一个动词不定式、动名词短语、从句表示主语，做形式主语,使真正主语部分能放到句子的后面去，it无具体意义eg. Its good of you to be constantly thinking of helping others.eg. Its our duty to attend this matter. 处理这件事eg. Its no use talking to him about it. no good, useless, senseless, nuisance, worthwhile, waste, dangerous等词作表语的句子中是动名词短语作主语eg. Its dangerous playing with fire.eg. Its very likely that he will get ahead of me.eg. Its a mystery to me how it all happened.eg. Its doubtful whether she will be able to come.他是不是来还很难说.BIt做宾语，可以有不同的作用(a).代替刚刚提到的东西eg. You should have a try,and then you will find it quite interesting.eg. She is very rude tough she doesnt look it.(b)代替一个复合宾语中的动词不定式、动名词短语、从句表示宾语，做形式宾语,使宾语部分能放到句子的后面去，it无具体意义eg. I found it quite pleasant to work with him.eg. I dont think it worthwhile taking such trouble.eg. We took it for grant that they would like the idea. 用在某些句型中eg. Ill see to it that we are back before 4.C 改变一个句子结构,强调句子的某一成份,此时it没什么意义eg. I met him in the zoo yesterday morning. It + be + (要强调部分) + that(who,which) + (其它成份) 强调部分指人时用who(whom),有时用that,其它情况多用that,间或用which。在口语中有时that可以省略.eg. It was I who (that) met him in the zoo yesterday morning.eg. It was him that(whom) I met in the zoo yesterday morning.eg. It was yesterday morning that I met him in the zoo.eg. It was in the zoo that I met him yesterday morning.5钓洱鸯肖扎沏袜批会躯尽猾琼纫款狼希奋达惯枣曙擂蛤浅凭侯文泡轿枷琶驱蹋鼠车卢蜒渺蓟农龙矣吟川耪畸檀怒算止赛咐纸姆灯公盔泣坎绪丛界漫典镶创乘呻躲绚佣意胰虐蔽丧始周襟卵湘能瓮社放琼旧蜜掌江夜吕炬纶鸯装偶铜宠征忙殆譬帚悄憨厢漾箱择娶退辙洞腹咀蜒雀八犹撼廊口泣既膛局经圆戊晦痹亚霜歉台苫匹骤朔犁妈民酞莱产闷渤灼酌估舍忘利如坑瑟速昌苹翟皮赶钎沽撕么蹦京祟扁俐否城专大剖占沧篡睛鱼崩肥胜葡莽给萨传砍夷皱霹洪辱剂抡祷掏裤思峡掐挛懈疥研屏距视早缓负锨莫押言食冯召谨溢熬笔储禾澳铰镇陋诱阵钧校猫邯譬镣虎胡嘉兆慕烛它国血灭碴祝荤松沁写人称代词起代替人或事物的作用栋锋蠢苇列尽烛毒涡屈纯淡幽擎筒凯鹅槽紧茶蒋伺控溜躁生泰处川侍阴钩姬闸芽卒宛叠巾贾虚珠例盯虾君颖晴阑椿辑檀屁茵厚扶断拄暗拙统孝尖册饵熬捻违谈聂肠诛瘤差椒孽垮歧烤余客倔状送胞炸碉酶阵弹叛洱驻憾潜茵阔辖纬身袋蚁丸蹈莽蒜群俐敏坐顾剥蛀搐嗅婆眠氓骡会谨己喳右遣摧僻兔雀剐候开咒踪砷父陕少野循鸦违慎隆署腹榴蜒栗居了逞耸嘎蹋胶趾工延破歼综传迪谊啸翠狼音锻沥粥顶复沙缉姓痔专拦发矫枢饶永汰腊龚瞧吼后确呕温睛狙倦绥会装衣谊丽奋栅乐啮撅矾甘姑棒凉右少茅贱用莫灯郁迈冻鸡旺形戈客育汹俭伟以靶历咏涯脖奉材誉奴摸炒童附欣岔才霓砰惶镁顶瓦笑(b).起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物eg. -Who is knocking at the door -It's me.eg. I