OmniSim - UK Silicon Photonicsomnisim -英国硅光子学.ppt

The next generation in photonic layout & simulation,“propagating ideas”,What is OmniSim ?,Truly direction agnostic layout and simulation tool Time domain engine 2D & 3D FDTD generate spectral response in a single simulation Frequency domain engine new algorithm brings unparalleled speed Automatic optimisation evolves your design while you eat lunch ! Mask export using GDSII,“propagating ideas”,OmniSim Features Summary,OmniSim contains a sophisticated layout editor Complex 3D devices can be built up using physical layers and process concepts Elements can be rotated and linked to each other A wide range of sources and sensors are available Can import a FIMMWAVE mode for launching or measuring mode power substantially increases simulation efficiency. The frequency domain method offers a rapid technique for simulating devices The FDTD technique is able to simulate either at CW or over a broadband Kallistos can be used to optimise a device The final design can be exported as GDSII data,OmniSim FDTD Engine Features,General The fastest FDTD engine in the field Sub-gridding substantially reduce memory and time required c.f. variable grid FDTDs. Many memory reducing technologies Cluster system for distributing simulation across multiple CPUs/PCs Materials Anisotropy general symmetric tensor. Dispersive materials including metals Drude/Debye/Lorentzian models with automatic fitting tool (you just provide a dispersion curve). Chi2 and Chi3 non-linearity Permeability (magnetic materials) Boundary Conditions High performance PMLs on 6 faces Dispersive PMLs e.g. continue a metal layer into the PML Metal, magnetic and periodic boundary conditions,Sub-gridding,Photon Design first to demonstrate an efficient, stable sub-grid algorithm in FDTD all previous published algorithms not stable. Increase local resolution by 2x, 4x, 8x, Can accelerate a 3D simulation by 64x or more. Much more efficient than “variable grid” FDTDs a diagonal of small features would create a fine grid everywhere.,Mode Excitors and Sensors,Import precise mode from FIMMWAVE for mode launch Ditto import for mode sensor = Substantially decrease simulation volume/time.,mode excitor,mode sensor,mode computed in FIMMWAVE,Example - ring resonator design/simulation,Editor allows very easy layout of even the most complex ring structures Simulation with time or frequency domain,“propagating ideas”,Free rotation of almost all objects Powerful constraint system Hierarchical framework n-level undo/redo Supports etch and growth processes Export to mask file,The Mask Editor,First define the physical layers,Define the device process steps, such as etch and growth,Layout - SOI grating example,Use the physical layers and process steps to build up the device Use arrays of subelements for periodic structures Add viewpoints to confirm structure is as expected,Layout - SOI grating example,Layout - SOI grating example,Use viewpoints to confirm structure is as expected,Layout - Coupler Example,Constraints link objects together Can now adjust waveguide separation just by moving a single lower waveguide Final design can be exported as GDSII,A new powerful state of the art 2D Maxwell solver for propagation of EM fields within an arbitrary photonic structure. Combines the problem solving capability of FDTD with the speed and accuracy of the frequency domain Exceptionally fast Order of magnitude faster than competing tools.,Based on new efficient numerical techniques High delta-n capability Integrated with OmniSim-TD engine Wide range of sources and sensors OmniSim-FDs speed and low numerical noise make it ideal for automatic optimisation,OmniSim - FD,Take an initial design Use Kallistos and the frequency domain for multi wavelength optimisation Fine tune the device using 3D FDTD to produce an optimised design,OmniSim - Design System,FDTD is accurate and robust. The sources of error in FDTD calculations are well understood FDTD can simulate light travelling at any angle Use FDTD where BPM and EME fail FDTD treats impulse response readily. FDTD directly calculates the impulse response of an electromagnetic system A single simulation can provide the steady state response at any frequency within the excitation spectrum FDTD accounts for all reflections Transmission and reflection can be calculated in a single simulation Computer memory capacities are increasing rapidly. FDTD discretizes space over a volume, inherently needs large amounts of RAM,Why use FDTD,FDTD is direct discretisation of Maxwells Equation In 1D Maxwell gives us: Discrete form gives, for a space and time interval dx, dt:,What is FDTD,FDTD gives spectral response over a wide band, by Fourier Analysis. The timestep dt is approximately dx/c Run a simulation for time tTot with timestep dt, then Spectral resolution: df = 1/ tTot Spectral range: fTot = 1/dt Structures with small features fine grid small timestep For high spectral resolution the simulation requires many timesteps. FDTD uses lots of memory The algorithms used in OmniSim are very memory efficient Mirror planes have been introduced to reduce memory requirements New method to reduce memory requirements by upto a factor of 8 or 16,Some FDTD guidelines,The spectral width of the source is given by Fourier analysis A CW source transforms to a delta function i.e. it has zero spectral width To look at a broad spectral response we need to launch a short pulse A finite pulse transforms to a finite spectral width If T= pulse length then the spectral width F is given by 1/ T In wavelength terms =-2/cT For example a 20 femtosecond pulse at 1.55 um has a spectral width of 700 nm,Spectral width of source,A highly efficient FDTD (finite difference time domain) engine 2D and 3D FDTD engine very fast speed optimised algorithm More memory efficient than competing products PML and metal boundaries Many optical sources available including waveguide mode and dipole Run time monitoring of evolving fields Wavelength response spectra Complex refractive index Material database uses Debye, Drude or Lorentzian model to automatically fit to a wide range of metals,Right: FDTD simulation of optical pulses scattering off cylindrical objects,OmniSim - FDTD,Corner reflector example,Define a corner mirror using different mask layers,Corner reflector example,Silica waveguides have too low a refractive index for a 90 degree corner reflector,But the reflector works quite well for 60 degrees !,Coupler design example,A 20 fs sinusoidal pulse centred at 1.55 um wavelength,Contains spectral information over 700 nm,Wavelength response of device,Coupler design example,Use CW at 1.55 um wavelength to study the field distribution,Contains spectral information over 800 nm,Ring resonator design example,Use coupler as building block for ring resonator,Simulation time comparisons,Contains spectral information over 800 nm,The frequency domain method is very fast and unique to Omnisim For some devices it might be better to do multiple frequency domain simulations rather than a single broadband FDTD,Ring resonator design example,Use coupler as building block for ring resonator,Kallistos - automatic optimisation,Kallistos can evolve designs that are simply not possible by traditional techniques. Choice of sophisticated optimisation algorithms - local and global Objective function (determines “good” and “bad”) can be any expression Can optimise any 3-5 parameters globally Can optimise any 30+ parameters locally Multi-wavelength optimisation to maximise device bandwidth,Kallistos - Ring resonator example,The wavelength peaks are determined by the length around the ring insert variable straight length L between the two arcs The extinction ratio is determined by the coupler Vary the gap between the waveguides Set up optimisation example to tune resonator transmission to 1.7 um and maximise the extinction ratio,Kallistos - Ring resonator example,Define two independent variables Length will represent the length of waveguide between the arcs Gap will represent the edge to edge separation between the arms of the couplers,Kallistos - Ring resonator example,Link the independent variables to the structure Commands can be found very easily by pressing the tab key,Kallistos - Ring resonator example,Define an objective function In this example the wavelength is set to 1.7 an FD calculation is performed the flux in the through and the drop arm is calculated the wavelength is set to 1.72 um the calculation is repeated The objective is defined as the extinction ratio at the two