中考英语总复习用主谓一致与倒装句.ppt

主谓一致,主谓一致 定义：指句子的主语和_在_和_上的一致。 英语的主谓一致大致可以分为3类： _；_；_的原则。,谓语动词,人称,数,语法一致,意义一致,就近一致,你能判断下面的句子是哪种主谓一致原则吗？ 1 The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _ smaller and smaller. （2009 河南） A. become B. became C. is becoming D. have become 2. How much _ the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _ enough. （2010 安徽） A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are,语法一致原则 一般原则： 主语是单数形式，谓语动词采取_形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词采取_形式。,单数,复数,Love is the most beautiful thing in the world. My shoes are worn out（穿破了）.,语法一致原则分类 （一 、单数）,1 Love is the most beautiful thing in the world. A dream is necessary for everyone. 2 To see is to believe. Winning the game is a great challenge for him. 3 What people wear depends on their likes and dislikes. 4 Nothing is impossible. No one is perfect.,1. 不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。,2. 动词不定式或者动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,3. 单个句子（主语从句）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,4. 不定代词either, neither, each, one, something, everyone, nobody, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,语法一致原则分类 （二 、复数）,1 Her mother and father are both teachers. 2 All his friends get along very well with him. Many junior students are fond of chatting on line. 3 My shoes are worn out. Your clothes are very dirty. 4 The rich are not always happy.,and或both and连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,2. all, few, several, many等修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。,3. 某些只有复数形式的名词（如：clothes, trousers, pants, shorts, shoes, gloves等）作主语时，谓语动词用复数数形式。,4. “the+形容词”作主语，表“一类人”时谓语动词用复数。,语法一致原则分类 （三 、特殊）,1 The number of people who die from smoking each year is up to five million. A number of students dont have enough spare time to relax. 2 Miss Wu with her students often has a picnic in a park. 3 Lots of people have been to the Great Wall. 3/4 of the earth surface is covered with sea. 4 A pair of glasses is not worth so much. 5 None of them knows/know what to do.,1. the numberof 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a number of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。,2.主语后接有with，along with , together with, as well as，like等介词或短语时，谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定。,3. “a lot of/lots of/most of等+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词。,4. 由pair/kind/series等量词修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词与量词保持一致。,5. “none of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词可用单数可用复数。,意义一致原则 意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数还是复数形式主要看主语所表达的概念为单数还是复数。 主语是单数形式，谓语动词采取_形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词采取_形式。,Love is the most beautiful thing in the world. My shoes are worn out（穿破了）.,意义一致原则,1 Three years is a long time, so you can do a lot. Twenty dollars is high for the book. 2 The police are asking them questions. How many people are there at the meeting? 3 The class are reading books now. Is your family a happy one? 4 The writer and singer is coming here for a visit. 5 Nine and nine is/ are eighteen.,1.表示时间、距离、重量、长度和价值的名词，一般看作一个整体，谓语动词通常用单数形式。,2.表示总称意义的名词，如：people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,3.集体名称如family, team, class, club等，表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；表示个体人的时候，用复数。,5.数词作主语且表“加减乘除”时，谓语动词通常用单数，但是加法与乘法也可用复数。,4. and连接两个名词，当名词前只有一个冠词时，谓语动词用单数。,就近一致原则 有时谓语动词的形式跟靠近它的名词一致，这种一致原则叫做就近一致原则。 此时主语一般至少有_个。,1 Neither you nor he is good at math. Not only my parents but also I am going to Shanghai this vacation. 2 There is a dictionary and some books on the desk.,1.由连词either or，neither nor，not only but also及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常与离它最近的主语保持一致。,2. there/here be句型中，谓语动词be往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。,Listen, someone _ (sing) outside. Not only her parents but also her pet dog _ (be watch) TV on the sofa. Both Lily and I _ interested in English. One fourth of the students _ new here. Physics _ my favorite. I often do lots of exercises.,Exercises,1. Tom as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party. A.was B. were C. have been D. had been 2. Either you or I _going to the teachers office after class. A.am B. is C. are D. will 3. Most of his spare time _spent in reading. A.are B. were C. was D. have been 4. His family _ very big and all of his family _ music. A. are; love B. are; loves C. is; love D. is, loves 5. Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum. A. are B. is C. were D. have 6. About 20 percent of the work _done yesterday. Aare B. is C. were D. was 7. Mr. Smith，together with his children，_arrived. A. are B. has C. is D. have,倒装句 英语句子一般是主语在_，谓语在_，这种语序称为自然语序。然而，有时根据语法或修辞的需要，把整个谓语动词或谓语动词的一部分（助动词情态动词）放在主语之_，这种语序叫做倒装语序。,Is there anyone in? On the mountain stands temple named Shaolin. Can you swim? Do you have any trouble learning English?,倒装句分类,1 You are a student, so am I. We like math a lot, so does he. 2 Sam cant swim, neither/nor can I. Jane isnt good at math, neither/nor is Kangkang. 3 Here comes the bus. Heres the menu. Here you are./Here it is.,1. so + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语此句型表示“也是这样”，用于描述谓语所说情况也适用于另一个人或另一个事物，只能用在肯定句。,2. neither + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语经常出此句型表示“也不这样”。这种结构中的be/助动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语动词要保持一致。,3.当