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复摆颚式破碎机(250×400)设计【11张CAD图纸和说明书】

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11张CAD图纸和说明书 复摆颚式破碎机250 400设计【11张CAD图纸 11张CAD图纸 复摆颚式破碎机设计【 CAD图纸和说明书】 400设计【 CAD图纸】 400复摆颚式破碎机
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摘要

目前国内使用的破碎机类型很多,主要有鄂式破碎机、锤式破碎机、圆锥破碎机、反击式破碎机和辊式破碎机。复摆式颚式破碎机与简摆式相比较,其优点是:质量较轻,构件较少,结构更紧凑,破碎腔内充满程度较好,所装物料块受到均匀破碎,加以动颚下端强制性推出成品卸料,故生产率较高,比同规格的简摆颚式破碎机的生产率高出20-30%;物料块在动颚下部有较大的上下翻滚运动,容易呈立方体的形状卸出,减少了像简摆式产品中那样的片状成分,产品质量较好。

本设计需求参数为进料口尺寸:250×400mm;最大进料粒度:210mm;处理能力:3-13m3/h;偏心轴转速:300r/min;排料口调整范围:20-60mm;电动机功率:11-15KW。设计分析了破碎机的发展现状和研究颚式破碎机的意义及复摆颚式破碎机机构尺寸对破碎性能的影响,计算确定了PE250×400的机构参数,设计内容主要包括复摆颚式破碎机的动颚、偏心轴、皮带轮、动颚齿板、定颚齿板、机架等一些重要部件;另外,对颚式破碎机的工作原理及特点和主要部件的作用作了介绍,包括保险装置、调整装置、机架结构、润滑装置等;同时对机器的参数(主轴转速、生产能力、破碎力、功率等)作了计算。此外,对破碎的意义、破碎工艺和破碎比的计算,颚式破碎机的主要部件的安装、操作及维修作了简单介绍。

关键词:复摆颚式破碎机  带传动  飞轮  磨损  


ABSTRACT

Currently ,the type of the crusher is multitudinous in domestic, mainly including jaw crusher, hammer crusher, cone crusher, impact breaker and roll crusher. Compared with fine impact crusher ,SBM(swinging jaw break machine)´s advantage is: quality is lighter, less compact structure component, broken lumen filled with degree is good, with materials by uniform broken, to block bottom mandatory move jaw is unloading, launch finished higher, than with specifications productivity of fine impact crusher 20-30% higher than the productivity; Material blocks in the lower have bigger jaws move up and down movement, a cube tumbling to the shape of, reducing the discharged as Jane tilting products that flake composition, product quality is better. 

This design is done for:the feeding port size is 250×400mm; Maximum feeding granularity is 210mm; Production efficiency is 3-13m3/h; Eccentric shaft speed is 300r/min; Discharging mouth adjustment range 20mm to 60mm; Motor power is 11-15KW. This design analysis of the current development of the crushier,the meanings of researching the crusher,how the dimensions of jaw crusher effect on the performance of the broken, calculate and determine the PE250 x 400 structure parameters, the design content mainly includes swing jaw, eccentric shaft, pulley, seing jaw gear plate, and settled jaw gear plate and frame and some other important components; In addition, jaw crusher principle and characteristics and main component function is introduced, including insurance device, adjusting devices and frame structure, lubrication device, etc.; Also on the machine parameters (spindle speed, production capacity, crushing strength, power) calculate as well. In addition, the significance of broken, crushing process and calculation of crushing ratio, jaw crusher main component installation, operation and maintenance are introduced. 

KEY WORDS:Jaw crusher   Belt drive   Flywheel   Wear



目录

第1章 绪论··················································································1

1.1引言·························································································1

1.2复摆颚式破碎机的特点 ··································································3

1.3国内外颚式破碎机的发展及现状·························································5

第2章 总体设计············································································8

2.1复摆鄂式破碎机的基本结构····························································· 8

2.2复摆鄂式破碎机的工作原理·····························································10

第3章 主要参数的确定··································································12

3.1已知参数··················································································12

3.2部分结构参数的确定·····································································12

3.3动鄂的摆动次数···········································································14

3.4电动机的选择·············································································15

3.5四连杆机构各杆长度的确定·····························································16

3.6最大破碎力················································································17

3.7各部件受力分析···········································································17

第4章 传动装置的设计··································································20

4.1带轮的设计················································································20

4.2偏心轴的设计·············································································25

4.3飞轮的设计················································································27

4.4轴承的选择与校核········································································29

4.5轴承座的设计·············································································31

4.6配重的选择················································································32

4.7外形尺寸的设计···········································································33

第5章 各基本构件的设计······························································35

5.1动鄂的设计···············································································35

5.2齿板的设计················································································38

5.3推力板的设计·············································································40

5.4调整装置的设计···········································································41

5.5破碎腔型的形状···········································································43

5.6机架的设计···············································································44

第6章 复摆鄂式破碎机的安装························································47

6.1破碎机的安装·············································································47

6.2机架的安装···············································································47

6.3偏心轴和机架的安装·····································································48

6.4肘板的安装···············································································48

6.5动鄂的安装···············································································49

6.6齿板的安装···············································································49

第7章 颚式破碎机的磨损······························································50

7.1齿板的磨损分析··········································································50

7.2颚板磨损机制·············································································51

7.3颚板材质的选择··········································································52

第8章 破碎机出口扬尘的解决和噪声防治·········································54

8.1破碎机出口扬尘的解决··································································54

8.2破碎机的噪声危害及防治途径···························································55

第9章 颚式破碎机的使用·····························································56

9.1颚式破碎机的操作········································································56

9.2颚式破碎机的维护与保养·······························································57

总结···························································································59

鸣谢···························································································60参考文献·····················································································61


第1章 绪论

1.1  引言

凡是外力将大颗粒物料变成小颗粒物料的过程称为破碎,破碎所使用的机械为破碎机。物料碎磨得目的是:增加物料的比表面积;制备混凝土骨料与人造沙;使矿石中有用成分解离;为原料的下一步加工作准备或便于使用。

    物料的破碎是许多行业(如冶金、矿山、建材、化工、陶瓷、筑路等)产品生产中不可缺少的工艺过程。由于物料的物理性质和结构差异很大,为适应各种物料的要求,破碎机的品种也是五花八门的。就金属矿选矿而言, 破碎是选矿厂的首道工序,为了分离有用矿物,不但分为粗碎、中碎、细碎, 而且还要磨矿。因为磨矿是选矿厂的耗能大户(约占全厂耗电的50%),为了节能和提高生产效率,所以提出了“多碎少磨”的技术原则。这使破碎机向细碎、粉碎和高效节能方向发展。另外随着工业自动化的发展,破碎机也向自动化方向迈进(如国外产品已实现机电液一体化、连续检测,并自动调节给料速率、排矿口尺寸及破碎力等)。随着开采规模的扩大, 破碎机也在向大型化发展,如粗碎旋回破碎机的处理能力已达6000t/h。至于新原理和新方式的破碎(如电、热破碎) 尚在研究试验中,暂时还不能用于生产。对粗碎而言,目前还没有研制出更新的设备以取代传统的颚式破碎机和旋回式破碎机主要是利用现代技术,予以改进、完善和提高耐磨性,达到节能、高效、长寿的目的。细碎方面新机型更多些。总的来看,值得提出的有:颚式破碎机、圆锥破碎机、冲击式破碎机和辊压机。

颚式破碎机是一种最古老的破碎机,第一台颚式破碎机是有美国人E.W.Blake发明的。但由于它的结构简单,工作安全可靠,处理物体范围大,很适宜破

计算与说明

碎硬的物料,因此颚式破碎机在冶金,煤炭,化工,建材等工矿企业中被广泛的应用,但是其破碎比小,破碎后的物料粒度不均匀,它是间歇工作,有空转行程,但是对于物料的粗碎和中碎,却是一种比较好的方法,所以在工矿企业中仍然被广泛的应用。但是,复摆颚式破碎机也有它的缺点:非连续性破碎、效率较低,破碎比较小,给矿不均匀引起颚板磨损不均匀等。针对其缺点,各国都在以下几方面加以改进:优化结构与运动轨迹;改进破碎腔型,以增大破碎比, 提高破碎效率, 减少磨损, 降低能耗, 现已普遍应用高深破碎腔和较小啮角; 改进了动颚悬挂方式和衬板的支承方式,改善了破碎机性能;颚板采用了新的耐磨材料, 降低了磨损消耗;提高了自动化水平(可自动调节、过载保护、自动润滑等)。同时也出现了一些新的机型,如双腔双动颚式破碎机,其破碎比可达20~50,排料口调节方便,产量大;双腔回转破碎机,兼有颚式破碎机与圆锥破碎机的性能,其产量较同规格的颚式破碎机高50%还有筛分颚式破碎机,把筛分和破碎结合为一体,不仅可简化工艺流程,且能及时将已达粒度要求的物料从破碎腔中排出,减轻了破碎机的堵塞和过粉碎,提高了生产能力,降低了能耗。

    破碎机出口扬尘非常严重,从破碎机出来的块状和粉末状物料直冲矿石输送皮带,部分物料飞溅或滚淌到地面上,地面堆积厚厚一层物料,部分粉状物料飞扬在空中,给生产带来了很大的不便。较多的粉尘而直接影响安全生产和员工的健康,因此要采用相应的防尘设施是破碎机一个重大而不可忽略的问题。

    现代的设计应以人为本,面对服务对象,面对市场、面对循环经济、面对矿产资源利用的大趋势,面对环保、搞全性能、全生命的设计。所以做好复摆颚式破碎机的设计,让它更好的为生产服务,提高生产


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毕业实习报告系 别 专 业 班 级 姓 名 学 号 指导教师 实习成绩 毕业实习报告实习是大学生活的第二课堂,是知识更新和发展的源泉,是检验真理的试金石,也是培养提高大学生实践能力的有效途径。一个人的知识和能力只有在实践中才能发挥作用,才能得到丰富、完善和发展。大学生成长,就要勤于实践,将所学的理论知识与实践相结合,在实践中学习,总结,完善自己各方面的能力,从而为自己以后创新打下坚实的基础。在本次实习中我学到了许多对我以后工作很有用的专业知识,并且能熟练的应用。下面就我这次实习做如下报告。1. 实习单位实习单位是河北万矿机械厂,河北万矿机械厂(原名河北省万全县矿山机械厂)系河北省最早定点生产矿山破碎设备的专业厂家,生产规模及产品品种量在省内居领先地位,并被中国市场监测中心评为“中国矿山机械工业50强企业”之一。企业通过了ISO9001质量管理体系认证,产品质量经国家破碎机检测中心检测,在国内居于前列。其产品用于矿山、冶金、化工、建材、建筑及铁路、公路修筑等行业和部门破碎各种矿石和岩石。 其产品行销全国各地,并有部分产品出口国外,被省工商局评为河北省著名商标企业。其厂坚持以用户需求为导向,采用先进技术,持续开发新产品,发展系列化产品,完善配套产品。其厂产品有颚式、细碎颚式、反击式、锤式、立轴反击式、立轴锤式、弹簧圆锥式、液压圆锥式、冲击式、辊式等十个系列四十余种规格破碎机,并有提升、给料、筛分、输送、洗砂、选矿等配套设备,可满足任何规模用户破碎任何矿石、岩石的需求。其厂在供货的同时,可为用户提供造型咨询、配套设计、地基设计、帮助安装调试、技术指导和培训设备维修等全程、全方位服务。二. 实习目的此次毕业实习的目的是以机械设计及其自动化专业的培养目标为前提,组织学生参观相关的机械企业或部门,培养学生重视实践、增强理论联系实际的观念,深入调查研究、拓宽视野、增强面向人才市场、服务于社会的观念。通过实习,我们要了解所需设计机型机器的生产情况,弄清设计过程,学会设计前整理和收集资料;在实习过程中要结合实物,认真研究图纸,弄清各部分关系;仔细观察某些具体部件(如工装)的加工工艺及其某些工序(如组装)的基本过程;并注意比较不同机型装载机在结构及其布置上的异同;认真收集资料,为下一步的毕业设计做好准备工作。三实习内容2014年4月16日上午我们设计小组成员在肖老师和马老师的带领下来到了坐落于张家口西山产业聚集区的河北万矿机械厂,万矿与我校属于校企合作关系,是我机械工程学院的实习基地之一。在这里,我们看到了许多的矿山机械,例如破碎机、振动筛。破碎机又分为好多种,我们看到的有颚式破碎机、立轴式破碎机、反击式破碎机和弹簧圆锥破碎机等。这次实习使我获得了一次将所学知识运用到实际生产的机会,在实习过程中,许多原来并不熟练的知识逐渐被清晰的理解,许多原来没有重视的方面也得到了巩固,更在发现及解决问题的过程中学习到不少课本上没有的知识。 在这里,我主要介绍矿山最常用的一种机械破碎机。破碎机又分为好多种,这里仅介绍我们看到的其中几种,如颚式破碎机、反击式破碎机和弹簧圆锥破碎机。首先是颚式破碎机。此次实习我们所看到的颚式破碎机都是PE、PEX系列的复摆颚式破碎机。复摆鄂式破碎机主要由机架、颚板和侧护板、传动件、调节装置、飞轮、润滑装置等部分组成。机架是上下开口的四壁刚性框架,用作支撑偏心轴并承受破碎物料的反作用力,要求有足够的强度和刚度,一般用铸钢整体铸造,小型机也可用优质铸铁代替铸钢。大型机的机架需分段铸成,再用螺栓牢固链接成整体,铸造工艺复杂。自制小型颚式破碎机的机架也可用厚钢板焊接而成,但刚度较差。定颚和动颚都由颚床和颚板组成,颚板是工作不分,用螺栓和楔铁固定在颚床上。定颚的颚床就是机架前壁,动颚颚床悬挂在周上,要有足够的强度和刚度,以承受破碎反力,因而大多是铸钢或铸铁件。偏心轴是破碎机的主轴,受有巨大的弯扭力,采用高碳钢制造。偏心部分须精加工、热处理、轴承衬瓦用巴氏合金浇注。偏心轴一端装带轮,另一端装飞轮。调节装置有楔块式,垫板式和液压式等,一般采用楔块式,由前后两块楔块组成,前楔块可前后移动,顶住后推板;后楔块为调节楔,可上下移动,两楔块的斜面倒向贴合,由螺杆使后楔块上下移动而调节出料口大小。小型颚式破碎机的出料口调节是利用增减后推力板支座与机架之间的垫片多少来实现。颚式破碎机的飞轮用以存储动颚空行程时的能量,再用于工业形成,使机械的工作符合趋于均匀。带轮也起着飞轮的作用。飞轮常以铸铁或铸钢制造,小型机的飞轮常制成整体式。飞轮制造,安装时要注意静平衡。偏心轴轴承通常采用集中循环润滑。心轴和推力板的支撑面一般采用润滑脂通过手动油枪给油。动颚的摆角很小,使心轴与轴瓦之间润滑困难,常在轴瓦底部开若干轴向油沟,中间开一环向油槽使之连通,再用油泵强制注入干黄油进行润滑。它们适用于冶金、矿山、建筑、交通、水泥等部门,作为粗碎、中碎抗压强度在300Mpa以下的各种矿石或岩石之用。具有结构简单合理、产量高、破碎比大、齿板寿命长、成品粒度均匀、动力消耗低、维修保养方便等优点,是目前国内最先进的机型。 该系列破碎机破碎方式为曲动挤压型,其工作原理是:电动机驱动皮带和皮带轮,通过偏心轴使动颚上下运动,当动颚上升时肘板与动颚间夹角变大,从而推动动颚板向固定颚板接近,与此同时物料被压碎或劈碎,达到破碎的目的;当动颚下行时,肘板与动颚间夹角变小,动颚板在拉杆、弹簧的作用下,离开固定颚板,此时已破碎物料从破碎腔下口排出。随着电动机连续转动而破碎机动颚作周期性地压碎和排泄物料,实现批量生产。其次是反击式破碎机。反击式破碎机能处理边长100500毫米以下物料,其抗压强度最高可达350兆帕,具有破碎比大,破碎后物料呈立方体颗粒等优点。反击式破碎机,适用于破碎中硬物料,如水泥厂的石灰石破碎,具有生产能力大,出料粒度小的优点。反击式破碎机的工作原理:利用冲击能来破碎物料的破碎机械,当物料进入板锤作用区时,受到板锤的高速冲击时被破碎物不断被抛到安装在转子上方的反击装置上破碎,然后又从反衬板上弹回到板锤作用区重新被反击,物料由大到小进入一、二、三、反击腔重复进行破碎。直到物料被破碎至所需粒度,由机器下部排出为止。调整反击架与转子架之间的间隙可达到改变物料形状的目的。最后是弹簧圆锥破碎机。弹簧圆锥式破碎机主要由破碎部分、传动机构、调整装置、保险装置、润滑装置等组成。适应于冶金、建材、化工、水电、筑路等行业。对各种硬度的矿石和演示的中碎和细碎;具有生产能力高、单位电耗低、工作平稳、出料粒形针片少等特点。弹簧圆锥式破碎机的工作原理:它的破碎机构由两个截头圆锥体及动锥和定锥组成。使物料在动锥和定锥间形成的破碎腔中被破碎。动、定锥上都设有耐磨衬套,动锥装在主轴上定锥装在机架上,定锥和主轴由球形滑动轴承支撑并悬挂于机架上,主轴下端安装在锥形衬套和偏心套内,并通过传动装置能在机架中旋转。由于偏心轴套的作用,旋转时,动锥同时旋转并摆动,因此,破碎腔内的石料受周期间歇挤压等破碎力的作用而破碎。4 实习结果弹簧圆锥式破碎机有破碎率较大的优点很适合较大固定的工作场地,而复摆颚式破碎机具有质量轻、结构紧凑、构件少等优点,工作场地很灵活,同时比简摆颚式破碎机生产效率高破碎均匀,加以动鄂下端强制性推出成品卸料,故生产率较高。颚式破碎机主机突然停机(俗称:闷车)的排除方法:1) 清除排料口堵塞物,确保出料畅通;2) 调紧或更换三角皮带;3) 重新安装或更换紧定衬套;4) 调正工作场地的电压,使之符合主机工作电压的要求;5) 更换轴承。一般情况下影响颚式破碎机工作的主要因素有啮角与转数。啮角就是动鄂与定鄂之间的夹角。根据计算最大啮角可达32度。而实际使用中都小于 25度,一般为1820度左右。啮角太大,会使破碎腔中的矿石向上挤出,以致伤人或损坏其他设备,同时随着啮角增大(破碎比加大)生产率下降。调节排矿口的大小,也就改变啮角的大小。在实际生活中,根据排矿粒度的要求来调节排矿口的大小。因此,在保证产品粒度的要求下,尽量把排矿口放大是合理的。排矿口大小可以通过调节块来调节,在调节排矿口大小时要注意破碎比和生产率之间的相互关系。在一定的范围内,增加偏心轴的转数,可以提高破碎机的生产能力,但是也会增加破碎单位重量矿石的电能消耗。转速太大,会使破碎腔中已被破碎的矿石来不及排出,而产生堵塞现象,反而使生产能力降低,电能消耗增加,因此,颚式破碎机应有一个最适宜的转数。5 实习体会 通过这次实习我们了解了现代机械制
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本文标题:复摆颚式破碎机(250×400)设计【11张CAD图纸和说明书】
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