木材刀具切削试验台进给机构设计【14张CAD图纸和说明书】

摘要

本文主要是进行木材刀具切削实验台进给系统的设计。

木材刀具切削试验台能模拟锯链的工作状态，有较宽的切削速度调节范围和进给速度调节范围。同时具有较大的传递扭矩，可以保证大节距高效率的锯链性能测定，同时测定锯链锯齿上切削力的三个方向分离，即主切削力，进给力和侧向力，进给机构的进给速度，驱动链轮的转矩转速，轴公路，锯链的锯切效率。

其中本文主要对木材刀具切削试验台进给机构的方案、进给机构结构进行了详细设计。

其手摇进给系统与一般车床相似，由手轮、手轮轴、手轮轴齿轮、进给齿轮及进给齿轮轴组成。手轮空套在手轮轴上，摇动时往前推手轮即可使手轮与轴结合，不摇时在回位弹簧力作用下自动脱开。 

溜板箱的快速进给传动由电动机最终传至进给齿轮轴。安装在溜板箱右侧的电动机与轴通过联轴器连接，左端固定有主动锥齿轮，被动锥齿轮及小齿轮都固定在短轴上，短轴由两个球轴承支承在壳体壁上。小齿轮与中间大齿轮啮合，中间大齿轮固定在花键轴上，另外花键轴上还空套着滑动齿轮，滑动齿轮的一端有拨叉槽，拨叉由挂挡手柄操纵以推动滑动齿轮在花键轴上滑动，从而使滑动齿轮和进给大齿轮实现啮合与脱开。当滑动齿轮与进给大齿轮啮合时，溜板箱就可由变频电机驱动实现自动进给。

关键词：锯链，切削性能，试验台，进给系统。

Abstract

Abstract：This article mainly is carries on the wood cutting tool cutting experiment design of feed system.

Wood cutter cutting bench can simulate the working state of the saw chain, has a wide speed regulation range and cutting feed speed adjusting range. Have large transmission torque, at the same time can ensure the high efficiency of coarse pitch determination of saw chain performance, at the same time saw chain saw cutting force of the three directions, namely the main cutting force and feed force and lateral force. Feed speed of can feed mechanism, the drive sprocket rotation speed, torque shaft road, the cutting efficiency of the saw chain.

Among them this paper cutting test-bed for wood cutting tool solutions of can feed mechanism, the structure of the feed mechanism has carried on the detailed design.

Its hand feeding system similar to the general lathe, hand by hand wheel, shaft, gear shaft gear and feed composition. Hands rested in hand on the shaft, push forward wheel when you shake hand wheel and the shaft, do not shake the return spring force under the action of automatic release.

Slip board box fast feed drive by the motor to feed gear shaft end. Installed in the slip board box on the right side of the motor shaft through a shaft coupling, the left fixed active bevel gear, passive spiral bevel gear and small gear is fixed on the short shaft, short axis by two ball bearings on the shell wall. Between pinion and gear meshing, the middle wheel fixed on the spline shaft, spline shaft in also an empty set of sliding gear, sliding gear fork slot at one end, fork was monopolized by the gear lever to promote the slides on the sliding gear in spline shaft, so that the sliding gear and feed big gear meshing with the release. When the sliding gear and feed big gear meshing, the slip board box can be driven by frequency conversion motor to realize automatic feed.

Keyword：saw chain， cutting performance， lest-bed， feeding system

目 录

绪论···································································1                                    

1.1 引言·······························································1                                                

1.2 国内外木材切削试验台发展现状·······································1                          

1.2.1 国内木材切削试验台现状···········································1                                 

1.2.2 国外木材切削试验台现状···········································3                                  

1.3本文研究的目的及其展望··············································4                                 

第二章 试验台进给机构设计方案确定······································5               

2.1 木材切削试验台进给系统的设计要求及类型·····························5                

2.1.1 试验台进给机构的设计要求·········································5                                

2.1.2 试验台进给机构的类型及比较·······································5                              

2.2 木材切削试验台进给系统整体设计方案确定·····························6                

2.2.1 试验台进给机构的工作原理·········································6                                

2.2.2 试验台进给机构设计与创新·········································6                                

第三章 进给机构结构设计················································7                        

3.1 进给结构设计·······················································8                                          

3.2 溜板箱设计·························································9                                              

3.3 驱动装置设计······················································11

3.4 齿轮传动副的设计··················································11

3.5 变频调速电动机的选型··············································16

3.5.1 影响电动机选择的因素············································16

3.5.2电动机类型和结构型式的选择·······································17

3.6 轴的设计··························································18

3.7轴承端盖的设计·····················································20

3.8滚动轴承的选择和计算···············································20                              

第四章 进给速度测试系统设计···········································22                                                   

4.1测试装置的设计·····················································22                                       

第五章 实验及总结·····················································23                            

致谢··································································24                                           

参考文献······························································25                                      

附录                              

木材刀具切削试验台进给机构设计

绪论

1.1引言

锯链切削试验台对传动装置有其特殊要求，一是输出轴转速比较高；二是要求电动机能在较大范围内进行无级调速，并具有硬的外特性。根据目前国内外现有的生产锯链品种规格差异，为了提高生产效率以及降低成本，这是研究锯链切削试的主要目的。研制锯链切削性能试验台需要测定锯链锯齿上切削力的三个方向分力，即主切削力、进给力和侧向力；进给机构的进给速度；驱动链轮轴的轴功率；锯链的锯切效率。锯链切削性能试验台可用来检验锯链的锋利性，进锯的轻便性锯链运转的平稳性和锯切效率的高低，也可用于检验锯链导板和驱动链轮的高速适应能力。木材刀具切削试验台是在总结国内外同类试验台的基础上，根据现代链锯的特点而设计的。

1.2国内外木材切削试验台发展现状

1.2.1 国内研究概况

我国自本世纪60年代以来，不断进行木材切削力的测定试验。特别是80年代以来的试验研究成果积累了许多有价值的数据。1964年中国东北林学院研制的T-1型试验台，用电阻应变片（环）和平衡重块测量切向力和法向力。这在当时的国内外已属于比较领先的技术。

 1992年南京林业大学研制的LQ-11[9]以及后来的LQ-18型切削平台[10]都使用了交叉八角环测力传感器这一新的技术。应用于LQ-11的三向测力仪可同时测定切向力、法向力和侧向力。侧向力可反映锯链的轻微跑偏, 测侧向力可避免跑偏对切削阻力测定值带来的严重影响。此试验台性能良好，试验结果准确，居国内同类型试验台领先水平。迄今已经为全国数十个锯链生产厂家做过锯链性能测试，并为我校近年研制新型锯链提供了较可靠的测试数据。

2010年上海大学对八角环三向测力的贴片进行了研究[11]，提高贴片面应变均匀度可以降低因贴片位置误差引起的测量误差, 是提高八角环测力刀架的测量精度的有效方法。应用对称性原理, 在传统八角环测力刀架上下方增设凸起结构可以显著地改善应变分布的

2010年南京航空航天大和中国搅拌摩擦焊中心共同研究搅拌摩擦焊用测力八角环[12]。搅拌摩擦焊用八角环是一种测力元件，可看做为一个弹性系统，当受到一定的激励时会引起振动。通过对搅拌摩擦焊用测力八角环的有限元模态分析，得出了该八角环结构的前12 阶固有频率和相应振型，为该结构的进一步优化设计和理论分析提供了可靠的依据。八角环的固有频率跟弹性元件的结构有关，因此，对弹性元件进行结构优化设计能提高结构的固有频率，从而提高测力八角环的测量精度和工作稳定性。

近些年，兰州工业高等专科学校研究了八角环电阻式车削测力仪在车床三向力静刚度测定中的应用。经修复后的轴瓦在运行中情况良好, 检测振动值在允许范围内, 且只花费几百元的人工费, 给工厂节约开支。对于剖分式轴瓦磨损较小的使用此法修理比较科学、经济。若该处理方法能够得到推广, 将延长一批同类型轴承的使用寿命, 给企业带来更好的经济效益。