2012考研英语最新经济学文章及翻译重点词注释.doc

经济类文章Background Information 美元持续走低，意味着美国经济存在缺陷，但是否就意味着地球上其他国家也将遭受劫难？答案是否定的。世界经济将从美元的逐步下滑中受益。这将有助于缓解全球流动资金失衡状况，并且通过将生产转移到美国可贸易领域，缓冲房地产泡沫破灭给美国经济带来的震荡。诚然，美元的下滑将影响欧洲及亚洲的出口，但如果这些地区的央行现有的利率走低，进而促进内需-这也正是全球经济达到重新平衡所需要的局面-那么这种影响将会被抵消。现今欧洲及亚洲的强势增长也将有助于防止美国经济的低迷蔓延至整个世界。The Falling Dollar THE dollars tumble this week was attended by predictable shrinks from the markets; but as it fell to a 20-month low of $1.32 against the euro, the only real surprise was that it had not slipped sooner. Indeed, there are good reasons to expect its slide to continue, dragging it below the record low of $1.36 against the euro that it hit in December 2004. The recent decline was triggered by nasty news about the American economy. New figures this week suggested that the housing markets troubles are having a wider impact on the economy. Consumer confidence and durable-goods orders both fell more sharply than expected. In contrast, German business confidence has risen to a 15-year high. There are also mounting concerns that central banks in China and elsewhere, which have been piling up dollars assiduously for years, may start selling. So, contrary to popular perceptions, Americas economy has not significantly outperformed Europes in recent years. Since 2000 its structural budget deficit (after adjusting for the impact of the economic cycle) has widened sharply, while American households saving rate has plunged, causing the current-account deficit to swell. Over the same period, the euro-area economies saw no fiscal stimulus and household saving barely budged. Yet cyclical factors only partly explain why the dollar has been strong. At bottom, its attractiveness is based more on structural factors-or, more accurately, on an illusion about structural differences between the American and European economies. The main reason for the dollars strength has been the widespread belief that the American economy vastly outperformed the worlds other rich country economies in recent years. But the figures do not support the hypothesis. Sure, Americas GDP growth has been faster than Europes, but that is mostly because its population has grown more quickly too. Official figures of productivity growth, which should in theory be an important factor driving currency movement, exaggerate Americas lead. If the two are measured on a comparable basis, productivity growth over the past decade has been almost the same in the euro area as it has in America. Even more important, the latest figures suggest that, whereas productivity growth is now slowing in America, it is accelerating in the euro zone. Americas growth, thus, has been driven by consumer spending. That spending, supported by dwindling saving and increased borrowing, is clearly unsustainable; and the consequent economic and financial imbalances must inevitably unwind. As that happens, the country could face a prolonged period of slower growth. As for Europe, the old continent is hobbled by inflexible product and labor markets. But that, paradoxically, is an advantage: it means the place has a lot of scope for improvement. Some European countries are beginning to contemplate (and, to a limited extent, undertake) economic reforms. If they push ahead, their growth could actually speed up over the coming years. Once investors spot this, they are likely to conclude that the euro is a better bet than the dollar.核心词汇：tumble v. （使）摔倒； 打滚，翻腾；n. 摔跤，跌倒shrink n. v. 萎缩，减少; 同义词dwindleeuro 欧元slip v. 滑，滑倒； 滑落，滑掉； 溜走；n. 疏忽，小错，口误，笔误 Step outside and you could break a leg, slipping on your doormat.1999年阅读1如果你走出去，可能会滑倒在门垫上，摔伤一条腿。trigger n. 扳机，触发器；v. 触发，引发，引起nasty a. 肮脏的，污秽的，下流的，恶意的housing market 住房市场durable-goods 耐用品in /by contrast 相比之下，on the contrary 相反；mount v. (由名词mountain变来) 爬上去，增长，上升pile up 堆积，囤积assiduously 勤勉地，勤恳地cyclical 循环的，周期性的；recycle 循环，再利用；recyclable 可回收的illusion 幻觉，错觉；illusory 幻觉的，虚幻的；allusion 典故outperform v. 表现好于，超额完成；胜过over the past decade 在过去的十年里whereas=while 而，尽管accelerate 加速，加快contrary to与相反perception 观念，理念；art perception 艺术理念；deficit 赤字plunge 垂直下降fiscal=financial 财政的budge v. 编预算dwindle 缩小，萎缩unsustainable 不能维持下去consequent 随后的，后来的imbalances 不平衡inevitably 不可避免地prolonged 延长的，长期的inflexible 不灵活的paradoxically 自相矛盾的是，似是而非的是contemplate 考虑，沉思to a limited extent 在一定的程度上spot n. 地点，v. 发现参考译文： 下跌的美元 本周，由于可预见的市场萎缩，美元继续保持下降的趋势。随着美元兑欧元下降到二十个月来的最低点（1.32美元兑1欧元），唯一可以算得上令人惊讶的事情是这种局面不会更快地下滑。的确，有充分的理由相信美元的下降趋势将继续下去，甚至打破2004年12月创造的1.36美元：1欧元的历史最低点。 近期关于美国经济的大量负面新闻触发了美元的持续贬值。这一周来的新数据显示，美国房市的问题对经济带来了更广泛的影响。消费者信心和耐用品订单量都比预期的下滑还要更严重。相比之下，德国商业信心创下了15年来的历史新高，同样也出现了越来越多的担忧，那就是中国或其它地方的央行几年来一直努力囤积美元，而现在却开始抛售美元。 因此，和流行的观念恰恰相反，美国经济近几年的经济整体表现并不明显强于欧洲的同期表现。自2000年以来，美国的结构性财政赤字显著提高（对经济周期对财政状况的影响进行修正后）。同时，随着美国家庭储蓄率持续下降，使得美国的流动资金赤字迅速增长。而在同一时期，欧元区的各经济体的财政状况良好，而家庭储蓄也基本保持不变。 但是，周期性因素只能片面地解释美元为什么一直强势。美元对投资者的吸引力根本上更多地基于经济结构要素-或者更准确地说，基于投资者对于美国和欧洲的经济结构差别所产生的一种错觉。 美元过去强势的主要原因是普遍存在的这种观点：近几年，相对世界其它富裕国家，美国经济的整体表现十分出众。但数据并不支持这一假设。的确，美国的国民生产总值增长速度要高于欧洲国家，但是这主要归功于美国快速增长的人口总量。生产力增长的官方数据，虽然在理论上是影响货币汇率走向的重要因素，但实际上却夸大了美国的领先地位。如果将欧美放在同一指标上进行比较，那么在过去十年里，欧美的经济表现基本上是一样的。更重要的是，最新的数据显示，当前美国的生产力增长正在放缓，而欧元区的生产力增长则在加速。 因此，美国的经济增长一直靠消费增长所拉动。而消费增长则是建立在储蓄下降和负债增多的基础上，很明显，这种形式的经济增长是无法持久的，而因此造成的经济以及财政的不平衡的后果也将不可避免的出现。随着这种消费主因的经济增长的消退，国家将可能面临长时间的经济增长放缓。 就欧洲而言，这块年迈的大陆被缺乏弹性的产品和劳工市场拖得步履艰难。但是，虽然听起来有些荒谬，这种状况相对来说可能是一种优势：它意味着欧洲人有很大的空间去改善他们的经济状况。一些欧洲国家开始慎重考虑（并在小范围内试行）他们的经济改革。如果这些改革成功，他们的经济增长将在未来显著加快。一旦投资者发现这点，他们很可能认为欧元相比美元将是更加有利的选择Background Information 家庭和社区介入治疗可以帮助每个家庭成员认识和解决家庭中的问题，促进相互理解、相互帮助，避免患者在治疗后又回到一个病态家庭中去；也可以帮助患者摆脱依赖，同时也消除患者给家庭成员造成的心理创伤。 When the cure is not worth the cost Thanks to research by the National Institutes of Health and academic scientists during the last three decades, we now have proven treatments for depression, addiction and other mental disorders. But all too often clinicians do not use them. Without financial incentives to provide treatments that are known to work, many mental health professionals stick with what they know, or pick up on the latest fad, or even introduce their own untested innovations-which in turn are spread by testimonials and credulous news media coverage. Similarly, one of the most common approaches to alcoholism treatment involves having counselors and fellow alcoholics confront patients and force them to identify themselves as alcoholics. But research finds that the more a counselor confronts, the more a patient drinks and the more likely he is to drop out of treatment. And no association between accepting the label alcoholic and quitting drinking has been found. Counselor empathy-not confrontation-is connected with recovery. According to a review by the Institute of Medicine in 2006, only 10.5 percent of alcoholics received care consistent with scientific knowledge of the disorder; similarly, 43 percent of children in psychiatric hospitals are given antipsychotic medication despite not suffering from psychosis. Tough boot camps for troubled teenagers-which have been proven to be ineffective and potentially harmful-thrive, while multi-systemic family therapy, which effectively treats teenagers at home, is available only through the juvenile justice system. Take the well-known approach featured on the cable TV reality show Intervention aimed at getting addicts and alcoholics into treatment. Here, the family and sometimes the employer gather with a counselor, confront the addict and threaten to shun him or fire him if he doesnt enter a rehabilitation center. A 1999 study compared this style of intervention -which can backfire and lead to broken families-to a less confrontational approach known as community reinforcement and family training, which is aimed at helping the family nurture the addicts own motivation.More than twice as many families succeeded in getting their loved ones into treatment ( 64 percent) with the gentler approach than with standard intervention (30 percent). But no reality shows push the less dramatic method, and it is difficult to find clinicians who use it.If we want to provide genuine help for the 33 million Americans with mental health and drug problems, giving more no-strings-attached money to providers via insurance mandates is not the answer. It is dangerous to blindly bolster useless and even harmful treatments while failing to support proven therapies. Coverage must be tied to outcomes and evidence. And payment should be dependent, at least in part, on health improvements, not just services received. We need parity in evidence-based treatment, not just in coverage.核心词汇thanks to 由于，因为(后常接短语)depression 沮丧，萧条，忧郁症addiction 上瘾，成瘾；be addicted to 对上瘾mental disorders 精神失常，精神紊乱clinician 临床医生；clinic 诊所incentives 鼓励，动力，优惠措施professionals 职业工作者，amateur 业余工作者pick up 捡起来，接人，学会fad 时尚，潮流in turn 反过来testimonial 证明书，奖状credulous 容易相信别人的，易信的news media coverage 新闻媒体报导approach n. 方法，方式；v. 靠近，走近，接近intervention 干预aimed at 目的在于addicts 上瘾的人alcoholics 酗酒者shun 躲开，躲避，避开rehabilitation 康复，修复nurture 培育，培养，教育identifyas. 把.看作是 .drop out of 退出empathyconsistent with 与一致psychiatric 精神病的psychosis 精神病mandate 指令，要求，命令bolster n. 垫子v. 支持be tied to 与相联系be dependent on 依靠，取决于at least 至少，in part 部分地not just 不仅仅核心词汇：depression n. 沮丧，消沉；（经济）萧条，不景气 Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression ( ) controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.2003年阅读4 髋骨不行了可以更换，临床忧郁症得到了控制，白内障仅用30分钟手术便可以切除。 Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression () years.1998年阅读4 即使如此，人口总数也只增加了11.4%，除了大萧条时期，这是美国年度记录最低的增长率。credulous adj. 轻信的，易受骗的intervention n. 干涉 In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.2000年翻译 无论如何，所有这些干预都非常依赖于科学的建议，也依赖于各类科技人才的力量。therapy n. 治疗，理疗 The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards