表语和补语的区别.doc

补语和表语有什么区别表语很好找，只要有系动词，跟在系动词后的就是表语，表示主语的特征，状态，身份，类属。主语、系词和表语构成“主系表”结构，其中系词和表语合起来构成谓语。充当表语的有名词，代词，数词，动名词，动词不定式，形容词，副词，现在分词，过去分词，介词短语或从句。例：He is a teacher.(teacher名)It is hers.（物主代词hers）Who is she?（人称代词Who）Two times three is six.（基数词six）He was the first to get there.（序数词 the first ）She is very kind.（形容词very kind）My father is out.（副词out）His job is to teach.（不定式to teach）Talking is not doing.（动名词doing）His speech is surprising.（现在分词surprising）I am surprised at his speech .（过去分词surprised）Japan is in the east of Asia.（介词短语in the east of Asia）That is what I want to say.（从句what I want to say）常见的系动词有：（表示身份，状态的）be,（表示变化的）become,get,turn,grow,stay,（表示感觉的）smell,taste,feel,sound,seem,look,appear补语分为宾语补足语和主语补足语，用以补足主语或宾语的状态、动作、位置等。可以作补语的有：名词，不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介词短语。常见的可以带宾补的动词及句型有call sb/sth sth.allow/ask/order/tell/teach sb to do sthsee/hear/make/have/watch sb do/doing sthkeep sb doing sth.keep sth.+形容词find sb./sth. doing/介词短语例：We call her Lucy.(名词 Lucy )I allow him to have a look.(不定式 to have a look)He kept me waiting half a day.(现在分词短语waiting half a day)I saw him wounded.(过去分词wounded)It drove her mad.(形容词 mad)Lets show him out.(副词out)They found the boy in the well.(介词短语in the well)在被动语态句子中，原主动语态中的宾语变成了主语，相应原来的宾补也就变成了主补。例如：主动句：They found the boy in the well.（