摘要
离心风机是市场上常见的一种通风机,它是依靠输入的机械能,提高气体压力并排送气体的机械,是一种从动的流体机械。离心风机广泛用于工厂、矿井、隧道、冷却塔、车辆、船舶和建筑物的通风、排尘和冷却;锅炉和工业炉窑的通风和引风;空气调节设备和家用电器设备中的冷却和通风;谷物的烘干和选送;风洞风源和气垫船的充气和推进等,在社会各工业中具有十分重要的作用。
本文根据离心风机的发展,简单地阐述了它的研究现状;通过从离心风机的工作原理、构造和改进方式详细地介绍了其发展的状况;分析了离心风机目前存在的问题,针对这些问题,提出了其未来的发展趋势;最后对离心风机的设计进行了总结和设想,并对其发展报以美好的祝愿。
关键词:离心风机 发展趋势 设计
Abstract
Centrifugal fan is common on the market for a ventilator, it is a follower of the fluid machine.It relies on the input of mechanical energy , and can improve gas pressure to send the gas side by side mechanical. Centrifugal fans are widely used in factories, mines, tunnels, cooling towers, vehicles, ships, and building ventilation, dust exhaust and cooling; boilers and industrial furnaces, ventilation and the wind; air-conditioning equipment and household appliances, cooling and ventilation; grain drying and sending; inflatable wind tunnel wind source, hovercraft propulsion and so on. So it plays a very important role in the industrial society .
The paper simply described the current status of centrifugal fan according to the development of it .The paper also introduced in detail the development of the centrifugal fan through the working principle and improvement way of it. In addition, it analyzed the problems at present of the centrifugal fan and put forward its development trend in the future to solve these problems finally , it had a summary and put forward the hypothesis of the centrifugal fan with good wishes.
Key Word: Centrifugal fan , Development trend, Design
目录
第一章 绪论································································6
1.1 引言····························································6
1.2 国内外离心风机的研究现状········································7
1.2.1国内离心风机研究与发展概况·································7
1.2.2国外离心风机研究与发展概况·································8
1.3离心风机存在的问题及发展趋势·····································9
1.4本文研究的目的···················································9
第二章 离心风机的基本理论·················································11
2.1 离心风机的基本结构·············································11
2.1.1 离心风机的基本结构·······································11
2.1.2 离心风机的工作原理·······································13
2.2 离心风机的基本理论特性·········································14
2.2.1 离心风机的主要特性参数···································14
2.2.2 离心风机的基本方程式·····································15
2.2.3 离心风机的理论特性曲线···································15
2.2.4 离心风机的损耗和效率·····································17
第三章 H450后倾多翼离心风机的总体设计·····································19
3.1离心风机设计的要求··············································19
3.2 离心风机的主要组成部分设计·····································20
3.2.1 叶轮设计················································20
3.2.2集风器···················································21
3.2.3蜗壳设计·················································21
3.2.4主轴设计·················································27
3.2.5电动机的选择·············································27
3.3离心风机设计时几个重要方案······································27
第四章 校核计算····························································29
4.1 叶轮的强度计算·················································29
4.2 主轴的计算·····················································30
4.3主轴的转速······················································32
4.4轴承的寿命······················································32
第五章 风机噪声的控制·····················································34
第六章 设计总结和展望·····················································35
致谢·······································································36
参考文献···································································37
附录·······································································39
第一章绪论
1.1引言
如今社会工业正在新兴发展中,对通风机的需求越来越多。而我国对通风机的研究技术上与国外发达国家还有一定的差距,因此利用有限的技术生产出高效率的通风机是一项艰巨的任务。这就需要对通风机进行优化改进,其中多翼离心风机就是市场上常见的一种通风机。在我国,多翼离心风机广泛用于工厂、矿井、隧道、冷却塔、车辆、船舶和建筑物的通风、排尘和冷却;锅炉和工业炉窑的通风和引风;空气调节设备和家用电器设备中的冷却和通风;谷物的烘干和选送;风洞风源和气垫船的充气和推进等,为社会上的很多行业加工作出了很大的贡献[1]。离心风机具有体积小、噪声低、压力系数高及流量系数大的优点,因而在抽油烟机、空调等领域得到广泛的应用,但其最大的缺点是风机的效率较低。因此,如何提高风机的效率是一个迫切需要解决的问题。 至今还有许多国家一直致力于对多翼离心风机各部分机构的研制,进一步提高离心风机的效率,从而获得巨大的经济效益。
WDLH450离心风机
通风机是依靠输入的机械能,提高气体压力并排送气体的机械,它是一种从动的流体机械。离心风机的工作原理与透平压缩机基本相同,由于气体流速较低,压力变化不大,一般不需要考虑气体比容的变化,即把气体作为不可压缩的流体处理。 叶轮通过静平衡或动平衡的校正后才可以保证通风机平稳地运行。按叶片的出口方向分类,叶轮可分为前向、径向和后向三种型式[2]。前向叶轮的叶片顶部向叶轮旋转方向倾斜;径向叶轮的叶片顶部是向径向的,而径向叶轮又可以分为直叶片式和曲线型两种;后向叶轮的叶片顶部向
叶轮旋转的反方向倾斜。前向叶轮产生的压力最大,在流量和转数一定时,所需叶轮直径最小,但效率一般都比较低;后向叶轮则和前向叶轮相反,所产生的压力最小,所需叶轮直径最大,效率一般都比较高;而径向叶轮介于前向和后向两者之间。叶片的型线一般分为直叶片、机翼型叶片和曲线型叶片。直叶片比较简单,而机翼型叶片比较复杂。为了让叶片表面分布着均匀合适的速度,现在一般都采用曲线型叶片,比如等厚度的圆弧叶片。叶轮一般附有盖盘,盖盘的作用就是提高叶轮强度,并减少叶片与机壳之间的气体泄漏。叶片与盖盘的一般采用铆接和焊接两种联接方式。焊接叶轮的流道较光滑,质量比较轻。