初中英语语法梳理和提高——动词一般现在时讲解试题.doc

初中英语语法梳理和提高动词一般现在是讲解试题动 词动词是表示动作（study, find, swim 等）或状态（be, like, feel 等）的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！动词分类：动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。一）助动词助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall等。具体用法如下：1、助动词be的用法如下：1）构成各种进行时态。如：It was raining all day yesterday.昨天整天下雨。2）构成被动语态。如：The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.会议是昨天下午举行的。3）与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如：They are to see an English film this evening.他们今天晚上看英语电影。2、助动词do的用法如下：1）构成疑问式或否定式。如：Does he think so?I didnt say anything about the result.2)在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调，意为的确，确实。如：They do study hard.She does love him.He did want to help the old man.3、have: 助动词have 的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如：He has lived here for three years.As soon as the sun had set they returned.4、shall, should: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态；助动词should 是shall的过去式，构成过去将来时。如：I shall send ten letters to my good friend.She wanted to know if I should go to the palace.二）情态动词情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, should等。表示能力表示能力一般用can, could。如：Rose can speak now, but she couldnt a week ago.be able to 也表示能力，它和can 的区别如下：1）表示做事的能力，两者可通用。但can 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时。be able to 可用于任何时态。如：She could / was able to eat four pieces of bread when she was young.They will be able to finish the drawing soon.2) 表示过去经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to, 但在否定句中可互换。如：She was weak, but was able to finish the task last night.can (could) 在疑问句中与第二人称连用时，表示征求对方意见或提出请求，表示委婉语气。虽然could是can的过去式，但是could 只是表示比can语气更加委婉客气，没有时间上的差别。如：-Could you lend me your pen?-Yes, I can.表示许可表示许可一般用may/might, can/could, 而且常可互换。Might, could语气比较委婉。要特别注意：回答以might, could开头的疑问句只能用may, can 给予直截了当的回答。-Might/Could I borrow your book?-Yes, you may/can.表示必需、必要 must和have to都有必须 ，一般情况下可互换。如：You must / have to finish the work.但他们有如下区别：1）must 表示说话人的主观看法；have to 表示客观需要。如：I must have a talk with him.He has to give up smoking because of badly cough.2) 否定式mustnt 表示禁止，意为不准，不可以做；dont have to 意为不必。如：You mustnt hit her.You dont have to explain it to me if you dislike the job.注：表示推测的情态动词有表示一定的must, 表示很有可能的should, ought to 和表示可能的can, could, may, might。具体用法如下：must 表示较有把握的推测，只用于肯定句，不能用语否定句或疑问句。用法如下：1）对目前动作的推测，用must+动词原形。如：You must lose in the mountain.2) 对目前状态的推测，用must + be + 表语。如：You speak for 4 hours, you must be thirsty.在肯定句中，表示对现在或将来把握不大的推测用may (might) +动词原形，might 比 may的可能性更小；对过去把握不大的推测用may (might) have+ 过去分词。如：The package might come tomorrow.They may have killed the enemies.3、在疑问句中，对现在表示推测用can (could) +动词原形，对过去表示怀疑则用can (could) have+过去分词；在否定句中，对现在表示推测用cant+动词原形，对过去表示推测用cant (couldnt) have+过去分词。如：It cant be John. He has gone to UK.4、need的双重身份need 既可作情态动词又可作实意动词，它们的用法不同，如不注意区分，就容易用错。三）系动词连词动词的种类联系动词含有一定意义，它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词（短语）一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类，而且有自己的特定用法。1、按意义联系动词有：be, appear, seem, keep, remain, continue, stay, prove 等，如：Jim appears very old.、表示感觉的联系动词有look, feel, smell, sound, taste等。如：It smells bad.3、表示转变的联系动词有become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如： She becomes more beautiful than three years ago.四）行为动词 行为动词又称实义动词，它们都含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。、及物动词及物动词后一定要跟宾语，意思才能完整。如：My mother told me she wanted to buy some books for me.2、不及物动词 不及物动词意义完整，不需带宾语，但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时，必须先加介词后加宾语。如：He only worried about his daughter.二、动词的时态 动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。1一般现在时1）一般现在时态的构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：一般情况s以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾es以辅音y结尾去y变ies2）一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I am a student.We/You/ They are students.He/ She is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ like music.Many people like music.I am not a student.We/You/ They are not students.He/ She is not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ dont like music.Many people dont like music.Are you a student.Are you/ they students?Is he/ she a student?Do you/ they like music?Do many people like music?3）一般现在时态的用法： 现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作 。例如： I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week.现在的状态 例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school.客观真理 例如：The earth goes around the sun.4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语： often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1.- May I help you, sir?- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it _.A. didnt work B. doesnt work C. wont work D. cant work解析：电视虽然是前天买的， 但坏了是现在的状态， 应该用一般现在时态。选B.2_ the bus until it _. A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Dont get off, stops D. Dont