2011中考英语总复习非谓语动词考点.doc

上教考资源网 助你教考无忧 个 性 化 辅 导 教 案授课时间： 备课时间： 年级：初三 科目：英语学生姓名：课题：非谓语动词老师姓名：赖细梅教学目标1.掌握非谓语动词在用法方面的区别2. 掌握动名词与不定式的用法与考点重点难点1.动词用动名词和不定式作宾语的差别2.it句型教学内容非谓语动词一考点分析非谓语动词是每年中考的必考内容，主要集中在对动词不定式和动名词的考查二知识点归纳和总结1. 非谓语动词的概说1) 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。它不受人称和数的限制。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词（有称V-ing形式），和分词（现在分词和过去分词）中考主要考查动词不定式和动名词。2) 动词不定式：to+动词原形 否定形式：not to +动词原形 动名词:具有动词和名词的特征 动词原形+V-ing 现在分词：具有动词，形容词和副词的特征，表主动的意思 动词原形+V-ing过去分词：具有动词，形容词和副词的特征，表被动的意思 动词原形+edeg:interesting有趣的，使人感兴趣的 interested 对感兴趣2.三种非谓语动词在用法方面的区别1) 不定式和动名词作主语的区别A. 动名词作主语常表示一般或抽象的行为；不定式作主语常表示具体的或一次性的动作。Eg:Collecting stamps is fun (一般)It is difficult to play this game.( 具体的,一次性的动作)B. 动名词作主语常表示一件已知的事或经验; 不定式作主语常表示目的或一件未完成的事。Eg:Skating is very interesting. ( 经验 )He hopes to become a university student this year.C. 动名词和不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（动名词或不定式）后置，但翻译时不必把it译出来。Eg:It is easy to ride a bike.It is no use waiting here.D. 在It is no use (good), not any use (good),useless等后一般用动名词。Eg:It is no good learning English without practice.2) 动名词和不定式作宾语对动词的不同要求A. 要求接不定式作宾语的动词：agree, want, hope, decide, learn, happen, planB. 要求接动名词作宾语的动词：miss,suggest,be busy,mind, keep, enjoy, cant help, feel like, finish, practiseC. 可接带to的不定式作宾语不足语，从而构成“动词+宾语+动词不定式”的结构的动词是：ask, tell, invite, order, want, beg, advise, encourageD. 可接不带to的不定式作宾语不足语的动词是： make, let, haveE. 有些动词用动名词和不定式作宾语有差别1. forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 （未做）forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作)Dont forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)典型例题- The light in the office is still on.- Oh，I forgot_.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意2. remember to do sth. 记住去做某事（未做） remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?3. stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。典型例题She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。4. regret to do sth. 对尚未做的事或正在做的事表示遗憾 regret doing sth. 对做过的事表示后悔I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。5. go on to do sth. 继续做另外一件事go on doing sth. 继续做没做完的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习6. try to do sth. 尽力去做某事try doing sth. 试着去做某事You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。7. like to do sth. 表示心理或一次性的具体动作like doing sth. 表示习惯性动作（类似的还有love,hate）8. begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth.1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.How old were you when you first started playing the piano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴？2)begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to doI was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。3)在begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。 I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。4)物作主语时It began to melt.9. 感官动词 + doing/to do感官动词 see, watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调我见他正干活这个动作）典型例题1）They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。2）The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A. playing B.to be playing C. play D. to play本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型F. 下列短语中的“to”是介词，后面须接名词或动名词：look forward to (盼望)pay attention to (注意be used to (习惯于) preferto(更喜欢)G. 在宾语从句中：疑问词+不定式1). _ is not decided A .When starts B. When to start C. When starting D. When start .2). Its a question _with the old car .A. what to do B. what do C. how to do D. how do 3.) I dont know _ or not .A. whether go B. whether to go C. whether goes D. whether going 4.) John knows _ a computer . A. how to use B. how use C. how uses D. how to usingH：to 的省略Ex1. My parents made me work for 2hours this afternoon . (改为被动态)I _work for 2hours by my parents this afternoon . Ex2. (1) A boy was seen _in the street at this time yesterday . A.to cry B. crying (2) A boy was seen _the windows yesterday .A. to break B. breaking 归纳: make /have/ let sb. do sth. 三个使役动词 主动态时省略了to,被动态时要加上to; 类似的还有三个感观动词 see / watch/ hear sb. do sth. 但要注意的是, 这三个感观动词还可以接 sb. doing sth. 的结构, 请注意判断. 只有接do sth. 的时候,才要在被动态中加上to。I.某些固定结构接不带to的不定式构成谓语的用法（记词组）1. Youd better _a bus .A. to catch B. catch C. catches D. catching2. As you arent feeling well , youd better _to school . A. not go B. not to go C. not have D. not to have3. You must _now .A. to go B. going C. goes D. go4. Why not _ boating ?A. to go B. go C. going D. goes 5. Why _ off the light ?A. to turn B. turn C. turned D. turns6. Will you please _ it again more slowly ?A. to say B. saying C. say D. says归纳：had better , Why (not), Will you please ,would rather以及情态动词后J. it句型it句型是初中英语中使用频率较多的重点句型之一，为了便于中考复习，现将常见有关it的主要句式归纳如下：1.“It is time for”表示“是时候了”。句中介词for后接名词或代词作宾语。如：Its time for school.是上学的时候了。“Its time to do sth.”表示“是做某事的时候了”。此句常与上句替换使用。如：It is time for us to have lunch.=It is time for our lunch.是我们吃午饭的时候了。2.在“It seems”句中，seem是不及物动词，常作系动词用，有“好像、似乎”的意思，后面可跟动词不定式、形容词作表语，也可跟从句。如：It seemed that nobody knew anything about the matter.看来没有人知道这件事。3.“Its ones turn to do sth.” 表示“轮到某人做某事了”。如：Its your turn to play ping-pong.该轮到你打乒乓球了。4.“It is+形容词+to do sth.”表示“做某事怎么样”。其中it作形式主语，代替后面的不定式to do sth.(真正主语)。 如：It is easy to speak English. 说英语很容易。“It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”。这种结构中的形容词常常是easy，difficult，hard，important，necessary，quick等，这些形容词常与事物的特征有关。如：It is quite difficult for us to find out who broke the windows.对我们来说，查明是谁打破了窗户是相当难的。“It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.”表示“某人做某事怎样”。这种结构中的形容词常常是：good，kind，nice，wrong，clever等，这些形容词常与人的性格特点有关。如：It is very nice of you to help me find my bike.你帮我找到了自行车真是太好了。5.“sb. thinks it+形容词(for sb.)+to do sth.”中的it是形式宾语，后面的动词不定式是真正宾语，形容词在句中充当宾语(it)的补足语，运用于这种句式的谓语动词有：think，find，believe，feel等。如：He found it very important for the students to learn English well.他发现对于学生来说学好英语很重要。6.“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”表示“某人花费多少时间做某事”。其中it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的to do sth.。 如：It takes me about half an hour to walk to school every day.我每天花费大约半小时步行去上学。三巩固练习1.It took Alice and me an hour _ out the problem.A. to work B. working C.work D.for working.2.I found it very important _ English well.A. learning B. learn C. to learn D.learned3.Its very nice _ you to _ me about it.A.for; tell B. of; say C. to; speak D.of; tell4 Its time _ to school now.A. for us to go B. to us to go C. for us going D. to us going 5 They said they really didnt know _A. what they shall do . B. do what C. to what do D. what to do 6 Will you please _ smoke here?A. not to B. not C. to not D. dont7 Mother told Tom _on the wall.A. dont draw B. didnt draw C. not draw D. not to draw 8 -I didnt hear you come in last night. -Thats good. We tried_noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be9 Mike needed a friend _ him last week.A.to help B. helping C. help D. helped 10 Jack gives me a piece of paper_.A. to write B. to write on C. to write at D. to write in 11 The room is too small _ so many people.A. holding B. to hold C. held D. to be held 12 We have studied English for more than two hours. Lets stop_ a rest.A. having B. have C. to have D. to having 13 We stopped_, but there was no sound.A. hearing B. to listen C. listening D. to hear 14 When we saw what he did, we couldnt help_. A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh 15 We had nothing to do but _ him the bad news.A. to tell B. tell C. telling D. told 16 His not _ made us worried.A. come B. came C. to come D. coming 17 _ books _ good to the young man.A. Reading; are B. To read; are C. Reading; is D. Read; is18 Has your father given up _ yet?A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. to smoking 19 Would you mind _ the window?A. me opening B. my opening C. mine opening D. I open 20 She really felt like _ a walk in such a fine day.A. take B. taking C. to take D. takes 21 My radio needs_.A. be mended o B. to be mended C. mend D. mended22 The garden is worth_.A. rebuilt B. rebuilting C. to rebuild D. be rebuilt23 My mother always stopped me from _ in the evening. A. watch TV B. to watch TV C. watches TV D. watching TV24 He left without _ any message.A. leave B. to leave C. left D. leaving25 Im sorry Ive kept you_ for so long.A. waited B. to wait C. wait D. waiting 26 When I came into the classroom, I saw Liu Yang_ on the blackboard.A. drawing B. to draw C. drew D. draws 27 A lot of good land has gone with them, _ only sand.A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. leaves 28 -Something is wrong with your bike. Are you going to repair it yourself? -_A. No, I will repair it B. Yes, I have him repair it C. Yes, I have it repaired D. No, I have him repaired it29 The stone is too heavy, please have it_.A. remove B. removing C. removed D. to remove 30 He always makes faces to make others_.A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. laugh at 复习及作业1. I usually forget _ the light, but I remember _ it when I left this morning.A. turning off, turning off B. to turn off, to turn off C. turning off, to turn off D. to turn off, turning off2. Thank you for _ me _ some tickets.A. to help, to get B. to help, gettingC. helping, to get D. helping, getting3. The old man is strong enough _ in such cold weather.A. to swim B. swimming C. have a swim D. going swimming4. Look, Can you see a little boy _ up the ladder? Lets _ and _ it.A. climb, go, to hold B. climbs, to go, holdC. climbing, go, hold D. to climb, going, holding5. I am feeling cold. Do you mind _ the window ? A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed6. When the police came in , they found the sick man _ on the ground. A. lie B. to lie C. laying D. lying7. Do you enjoy_ friends with foreigners and practise _ English with them?A. to make, to speak B. making, speakingC. to make, speaking D. making, to speak8. Id like _ watch TV at home. Youd better _ with us.A. to watch, to stay B. to watch, stayC. watching, to stay D. watching, stay9. Last week, Sally and I went _ together. A. to fish B. fishing C. fished D. fish10. It usually take me two hours _ my homework, but yesterday I spent over 3 hours _ it. A. to finfish, to do B. finishing, doing C. finishing, to finish doing D. to finish, finishing doing11. Do you feel _ a walk in the garden? A having B. to having C .like having a talk D to have talk12. My mother is busy _some cooking now.A. do B. to do C. doing D. does13. Mr Brown asked Tom _ keep _ the same mistake.A. not to, making B. not, to make C. not to, to make D. not, making14. - Have you finished _ the magazine?- Not yet. Ill try _ it to you before Friday.A. reading, returning B. to read, to returnC. reading, to return D. to read, returning15. Its too dark in the room _ . A. to see nobody B. not to see everything C. not to see anything D. to see anything16. _ is very important _ us _ learn English well. A. It, for, to B. That, for, to C. It, to,/ D. That, to, /17. Every morning, Mrs White makes Tom _ exercise. Now Tom is made_ with his father. A. taking, running B. to take, to run C. take, to run D. to take, run18. The boy made faces just _ the others _. A. to make, laugh B. making, to laugh C. make, to laugh D. make, laugh19. The man in a black hat was noticed _ out of the building and _ on a bus. A. to go, get B. to go, got C. go, get D. going, got20. You dont look well. Why _ to see the doctor. A. not to go B. you not go C. not go D. not going21. She didnt use to _ in the south. She is now used to _ in Guangzhou. A. stay, live B. stay, living C. staying, living D. staying, live22. I have several books _. A. reading B. read C. to read D. reads23. Sally didnt know _. A. to buy what B. to buy which C. where to buy D. which to buy24. When they came to the forest, they heard somebody _ for help. A. call B. calling C. to call D. calls25. My watch is broken. I will _ tomorrow. A. have repaired it B. have it repaired C. have it to repaired D. repair it 26. She couldnt help _ after she heard the news. A. to cry B. crying C. cry D. cried27. It is difficult _the thief because it is very clever_. A. for you to catch , of the thief to run away