ABAP基本语法学习关键语句的写法.doc

ABAP基本语法学习关键语句的写法内表建立过程：1、 声明一个结构体2、 用声明好的结构体作为工作区，声明一个内表内表名称like standard table of 结构体名称，内表名称like sorted table of 结构体名称，内表名称like harshed table of 结构体名称。后面可以用到with 选项来进行关键字的声明。基本语法如下：DATA itab TYPE tabkind OF REF TO type | LIKE tabkind OF dobj WITH key INITIAL SIZE n WITH HEADER LINE VALUE IS INITIAL READ-ONLY.DATA rtab TYPE RANGE OF type|LIKE RANGE OF dobj INITIAL SIZE n WITH HEADER LINE VALUE IS INITIAL READ-ONLY.此语句可以定义一个范围表，在操作数据库时可以用来作为判断数据选择的条件描述。3、 向内表中插入数据，插入数据可以用insert数据into内表语句或者是append数据to内表语句。可以插入整个内表到另一内表insert lines of 内表名称 into table 另一内表名称。亦可以进行累加插入：collect 数据 into 内表名称。相同的数据进行累积。4、 修改内表数据，利用modify 关键字，modify 内表名称 from 数据（用结构体表示的数据）。可以修改多行，modify 内表名称 from 数据 transporting 关键字 where 条件。5、 读内表数据的几种操作方法：用Include来构造一个结构体INCLUDE TYPE struc_type | STRUCTURE struc AS name RENAMING WITH SUFFIX suffix.TYPES: BEGIN OF t_day, work TYPE c LENGTH 8, free TYPE c LENGTH 16, END OF t_day. DATA BEGIN OF week. INCLUDE TYPE t_day AS mondayRENAMING WITH SUFFIX _mon. INCLUDE TYPE t_day AS tuesday RENAMING WITH SUFFIX _tue. INCLUDE TYPE t_day AS wednesday RENAMING WITH SUFFIX _wed. DATA END OF week.可以用两种方式来访问结构体的内容：1、直接用结构体的名称来访问：week-monday-work, week-monday-free, week-tuesday-work2、用重新命名的后缀名字来访问：week-work_mon, week-free_mon, week-work_tue类对象的定义方式：CLASS class DEFINITION class_options. PUBLIC SECTION. components PROTECTED SECTION. components PRIVATE SECTION. components ENDCLASS.类对象的实现方式：CLASS class IMPLEMENTATION. . METHOD . . ENDMETHOD. . ENDCLASS.类对象的继承：CLASS class DEFINITION LOCAL FRIENDS class1 class2 . intf1intf2.CLASS class DEFINITION DEFERRED PUBLIC | LOAD .PUBLIC INHERITING FROM superclass ABSTRACT FINAL CREATE PUBLIC|PROTECTED|PRIVATE SHARED MEMORY ENABLED FOR TESTING GLOBAL FRIENDS class1 class2 . intf1intf2.Deferred 关键字可以预先声明一个未被定义的类。类方法声明语句：METHODS meth ABSTRACT|FINAL IMPORTING parameters PREFERRED PARAMETER p EXPORTING parameters CHANGING parameters RAISING|EXCEPTIONS exc1 exc2 .METHODS meth ABSTRACT|FINAL IMPORTING parameters PREFERRED PARAMETER p RETURNING VALUE(r) typing RAISING|EXCEPTIONS exc1 exc2 .重载函数的声明方法：METHODS meth FINAL REDEFINITION。访问上级类的函数：super-meth（）。大小写字母转换语句：TRANSLATE typ TO LOWER CASE.在ABARP程序中各种报错情况需要的例外类：CX_ROOT | |-CX_STATIC_CHECK | |-CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK | |-CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_ZERODIVIDE | | |-CX_SY_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW | | |-CX_SY_ARG_OUT_OF_DOMAIN | | |-CX_SY_PRECISION_LOSS | |-CX_SY_ASSIGN_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_ASSIGN_CAST_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_ASSIGN_CAST_ILLEGAL_CAST | | |-CX_SY_ASSIGN_CAST_UNKNOWN_TYPE | | |-CX_SY_ASSIGN_OUT_OF_RANGE | |-CX_SY_CODEPAGE_CONVERTER_INIT | |-CX_SY_CONVERSION_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_CONVERSION_OVERFLOW | | |-CX_SY_CONVERSION_NO_NUMBER | | |-CX_SY_CONVERSION_CODEPAGE | | |-CX_SY_CONVERSION_BASE64 | | |-CX_SY_CONV_ILLEGAL_DATE_TIME | |-CX_SY_CREATE_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_CREATE_OBJECT_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_CREATE_DATA_ERROR | |-CX_SY_DATA_ACCESS_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS | | |-CX_SY_TAB_RANGE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS | | |-CX_SY_OFFSET_NOT_ALLOWED | |-CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_CLASS | | |-CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_FORM | | |-CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_FUNC | | |-CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_METHOD | | |-CX_SY_DYN_CALL_PARAMETER_ERROR | | | | |-CX_SY_DYN_CALL_EXCP_NOT_FOUND | | | | |-CX_SY_DYN_CALL_ILLEGAL_TYPE | | | | |-CX_SY_DYN_CALL_PARAM_MISSING | | | | |-CX_SY_DYN_CALL_PARAM_NOT_FOUND | |-CX_SY_FILE_ACCESS_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_FILE_AUTHORITY | | |-CX_SY_FILE_CLOSE | | |-CX_SY_FILE_IO | | |-CX_SY_FILE_OPEN | | |-CX_SY_FILE_OPEN_MODE | | |-CX_SY_FILE_POSITION | | |-CX_SY_FILE_TRUNCATE | |-CX_SY_FIND_INFINITE_LOOP | |-CX_SY_GEN_SOURCE_TOO_WIDE | |-CX_SY_IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_IMPORT_FORMAT_ERROR | |-CX_SY_INVALID_REGEX | |-CX_SY_MATCHER | | |-CX_SY_REGEX_TOO_COMPLEX | | |-CX_SY_INVALID_REGEX | |-CX_SY_MOVE_CAST_ERROR | |-CX_SY_PROGRAM_NOT_FOUND | |-CX_SY_PROVIDE_EXCEPTION | | |-CX_SY_PROVIDE_INTERVAL_OVERLAP | | |-CX_SY_PROVIDE_TABLE_NOT_SORTED | |-CX_SY_READ_SRC_LINE_TOO_LONG | |-CX_SY_REF_IS_INITIAL | |-CX_SY_REPLACE_INFINITE_LOOP | |-CX_SY_SCAN_SOURCE_TOO_WIDE | |-CX_SY_SQL_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_OPEN_SQL_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_OPEN_SQL_DB | | |-CX_SY_DYNAMIC_OSQL_ERROR | | | |- CX_SY_DYNAMIC_OSQL_SEMANTICS | | | |- CX_SY_DYNAMIC_OSQL_SYNTAX | | |-CX_SY_NATIVE_SQL_ERROR | |-CX_SY_WRITE_SRC_LINE_TOO_LONG | |-CX_XSLT_EXCEPTION | | | |-CX_XSLT_SYSTEM_ERROR | | | |-CX_XSLT_ABAP_CALL_ERROR | | | |-CX_XSLT_DESERIALIZATION_ERROR | | | |-CX_XSLT_FORMAT_ERROR | | | |-CX_XSLT_RUNTIME_ERROR | | | |-CX_XSLT_SERIALIZATION_ERROR | |-CX_NO_CHECK | |-CX_SY_EXPORT_NO_SHARED_MEMORY | |-CX_SY_EXPORT_BUFFER_NO_MEMORY | |-CX_SY_GENERATE_SUBPOOL_FULL | |-CX_SY_LOCALIZATION_ERROR | |-CX_SY_NO_HANDLER | |-CX_SY_PIPES_NOT_SUPPORTED | |-CX_SY_PIPE_REOPEN | |-CX_SY_REMOTE_CALL_ERROR | | |-CX_SY_RMC_COMM_FAILURE | | |-CX_SY_RMC_INVALID_STATUS | | |-CX_SY_RMC_SYSTEM_FAILURE | |-CX_SY_TOO_MANY_FILES数据分配过程：1、 声明一个数据引用：data 数据引用名 type ref to 类型名.2、 声明字段符号：field-symbols type any.3、 建立数据引用：create date(object) 数据引用名 type 类型名.4、 分配引用到字段：assign 数据引用名-* to .循环程序中语句的控制级操作语句语法结构：LOOP AT itab result . AT FIRST. . ENDAT. AT NEW comp1. . ENDAT. AT NEW comp2. . ENDAT. . . . AT END OF comp2. . ENDAT. AT END OF comp1. . ENDAT. AT LAST. . ENDAT. ENDLOOP.内表数据插入的语法格式：INSERT line_spec INTO itab_position result.读内表的语法：READ TABLE itab table_key | free_key | index result.描述字段属性的语句：DESCRIBE FIELD dobj TYPE typ COMPONENTS com LENGTH ilen IN BYTE|CHARACTER MODE DECIMALS dec OUTPUT-LENGTH olen HELP-ID hlp EDIT MASK mask.Form打印程序中的几个主要函数：Open_Form,Start_Form,Write_Form,Write_Form_Lines,Control_Form,Close_Form, END_FORM。functionwrite_form.*-*LokaleSchnittstelle:*IMPORTING*VALUE(ELEMENT)DEFAULTSPACE*VALUE(FUNCTION)DEFAULTSET*VALUE(TYPE)DEFAULTBODY*VALUE(WINDOW)DEFAULTMAIN*EXPORTING*VALUE(PENDING_LINES)*EXCEPTIONS*ELEMENT*FUNCTION*TYPE*UNOPENED*UNSTARTED*WINDOW*BAD_PAGEFORMAT_FOR_PRINT*SPOOL_ERROR*CODEPAGE*-functionwrite_form_lines.*-*LokaleSchnittstelle:*IMPORTING*VALUE(FUNCTION)DEFAULTSET*VALUE(HEADER)LIKETHEADSTRUCTURETHEAD*VALUE(TYPE)DEFAULTBODY*VALUE(WINDOW)DEFAULTMAIN*EXPORTING*VALUE(FROMPAGE)*VALUE(PENDING_LINES)*TABLES*LINESSTRUCTURETLINE*EXCEPTIONS*FUNCTION*TYPE*UNOPENED*UNSTARTED*WINDOW*BAD_PAGEFORMAT_FOR_PRINT*SPOOL_ERROR*CODEPAGE*-functioncontrol_form.*-*LokaleSchnittstelle:*IMPORTING*VALUE(COMMAND)*EXCEPTIONS*UNOPENED*UNSTARTEDfunctionstart_form.*-*LokaleSchnittstelle:*IMPORTING*VALUE(ARCHIVE_INDEX)LIKETOA_DARASTRUCTURETOA_DARAOPTIONAL*VALUE(FORM)TYPECDEFAULTSPACE*VALUE(LANGUAGE)LIKETHEAD-TDSPRASDEFAULTSPACE*VALUE(STARTPAGE)TYPECDEFAULTSPACE*VALUE(PROGRAM)LIKESY-REPIDDEFAULTSPACE*VALUE(MAIL_APPL_OBJECT)LIKESWOTOBJIDSTRUCTURESWOTOBJID*OPTIONAL*EXPORTING*VALUE(LANGUAGE)LIKETHEAD-TDSPRAS*EXCEPTIONS*FORM*FORMAT*UNENDED*UNOPENED*UNUSED*SPOOL_ERROR*CODEPAGE*-functionopen_form.*-*LokaleSchnittstelle:*IMPORTING*VALUE(APPLICATION)LIKETTXOB-TDAPPLDEFAULTTX*VALUE(ARCHIVE_INDEX)LIKETOA_DARASTRUCTURETOA_DARAOPTIONAL*VALUE(ARCHIVE_PARAMS)LIKEARC_PARAMSSTRUCTUREARC_PARAMS*OPTIONAL*VALUE(DEVICE)TYPECDEFAULTPRINTER*VALUE(DIALOG)TYPECDEFAULTX*VALUE(FORM)TYPECDEFAULTSPACE*VALUE(LANGUAGE)LIKETHEAD-TDSPRASDEFAULTSY-LANGU*VALUE(OPTIONS)LIKEITCPOSTRUCTUREITCPOOPTIONAL*VALUE(MAIL_SENDER)LIKESWOTOBJIDSTRUCTURESWOTOBJIDOPTIONAL*VALUE(MAIL_RECIPIENT)LIKESWOTOBJIDSTRUCTURESWOTOBJID*OPTIONAL*VALUE(MAIL_APPL_OBJECT)LIKESWOTOBJIDSTRUCTURESWOTOBJID*OPTIONAL*VALUE(RAW_DATA_INTERFACE)TYPECDEFAULT*VALUE(SPONUMIV)TYPENRIV-NRRANGENROPTIONAL*EXPORTING*VALUE(LANGUAGE)LIKETHEAD-TDSPRAS*VALUE(NEW_ARCHIVE_P