无主句和使字句.ppt

汉语无主语句的翻译,没有和平，没有稳定的政治局面，就谈不上经济发展。 1、 Without peace and political stability, there would be no economic progress. 2、 Peace and political stability is essential to economic progress. 3、Economic progress of any country calls for peace and political stability.,汉语无主语句的翻译简而言之有以下几种处理方式： 增添主语； 译成被动句； 利用动词短语，即“动词+名次+介词”结构，译成复合结构； 译成存在句、祈使句或其它特殊句型。,一、增添主语 1、要深化教育体制改革。 We should deepen the reform of Chinas education system. We should deepen the restructuring of education system. 2、全面发展同其他发达国家的友好合作与交流。 We will develop friendly cooperation and promote exchanges in an all-round way with developed countries. 3、要提高贫困地区群众的科技文化素质。 We should improve the sci-tech and cultural qualities of the masses in the poor areas / the poverty-stricken areas.,4、各民族之间建立了平等、团结、互助的新型关系。 We have established a new type of relationship characterized by equality, solidarity and mutual assistance between different ethnic groups. 5、要了解中国，可以有很多视角。 To know China better, one may approach it from different angles. 6、没有调查就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.,7、不经一事，不长一智。 You cant gain knowledge without practice. 8、不能认识到未来的困难，就是个理想主义者，而不是现实主义者。 Anyone who does not recognize the difficulties ahead is an idealist instead of a realist. 9、弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。 If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.,10、中国历史上产生了许多杰出的哲学家、思想家、政治家、军事家、科学家和文学艺术家，留下了浩如烟海的文化典籍。 China produced in its history many outstanding philosophers, thinkers, statesmen, strategists, scientists, writers and artists and left us numerous volumes of literature. 11、山外有山，景外有景，无限风光，慑人心魄。 You will find yourself carried away in involuntary admiration. You will be fascinated by the overpowering endless vistas of mountains beyond mountains and scenery beyond scenery.,二、译成被动句 12、继续改善居民住房条件。 Housing conditions should be continuously / further improved. 13、必须推进以德育为核心，以创新精神和实践能力为重点的素质教育。 The quality-oriented education should be promoted concentrating on moral education and the development of creativity and practical ability. 14、预计中国打算在近期购买私车的人数将达到三百万。 (1) It is predicted that the car purchasers in China will amount to (be up to) 3 million in the near future. (2) The car purchasers in China are predicted to increase to 3 million in the near future.,15、积极鼓励外商投资农业、基础设施、环保产业和高新技术产业。 Foreign businesses will be greatly encouraged to invest in agriculture, infrastructure, the environmental protection industry, and high and new technology industries. 16、必须保证产品质量。 The quality of the products must be guaranteed. 17、抓住了这个主要矛盾，一切问题就迎刃而解了。 Once this principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved. 16、We must guarantee the quality of the products. 17、Once you grasp this principal, You can readily solve all problems.,三、译成复合结构 18、应当注意采取有效措施防止空气污染。 Attention should be paid to adopting / taking effective measures to prevent air pollution. c.f.: 应当采取有效措施防止空气污染。 Effective measures should be taken to prevent air pollution. 19、优先发展科技教育。 Priority will be given to the development of science, technology and education.,20、必须适当地使用国家的森林资源。 We must make proper use of the forest resources of the country. Proper use must be made of the forest resources of the country. 21、必须加大基础设施建设力度。 Greater efforts should be made to promote construction of infrastructure. 22、以公路建设为重点，加强铁路、机场、天然气管道干线建设。 Emphasis will be laid on highway construction while more efforts will be made in building railways, airports and gas pipelines.,四、译成存在句、祈使句或其它特殊句型 23、要促进人和自然的协调与和谐。 It is necessary to enhance balance and harmony between man and nature. 24、没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility. 25、为建设一个现代化的社会主义强国而奋斗。 Strive to build a modern powerful socialist country!,26、地下埋藏着大量的矿物质。 Hidden underground is a wealth of minerals. 27、要坚持党的领导，必须改善党的领导。 The upholding of the Partys leadership calls for / requires its improvements.,28、要开发中国广阔的西部地区，需要处理好经济发展和人口控制的关系。 (1) The relationship between the economic growth and population control should be handled properly to develop the vast western region in China. (2) To develop the vast western region in China, we should handle properly the relationship between the economic growth and population control. (3) To develop the vast western region in China, it is essential to handle properly the relationship between the economic growth and population control. (4) The development of the vast western region in China requires the proper handling of he relationship between the economic growth and population control.,汉语“使”字句的翻译,1、不同国家物质、文化上的差异，使她很容易注意到人们忽视了的东西。 (1) Physical and cultural differences between countries make it easier for her to notice what other people tend to neglect. (2) Owing to physical and cultural differences between countries, she can easily notice what other people tend to neglect.,2、最使她高兴的是她的“研究成果”能让那些对此迷惑不解的日本人顿释疑团。 (1) She was happy with her discovery, as she could clear up the doubts of other puzzled Japanese. (2) Most to her delight, her discovery could clear up the doubts of other puzzled Japanese. (3) It delighted her most that her discovery could clear up the doubts of other puzzled Japanese. (4) She was delighted that her discovery could clear up the doubts of other puzzled Japanese.,汉语中的使动句是常见的句型，翻译使动句时的处理方法有： 1）结合法：把“使”和主句动词结合起来，译作及物动词，成为“主语+及物动词+宾语”的句子； 2）Make结构：利用make+宾语+宾语补足语（名词或形容词）结构； 3）切割法：把“使”字前后的部分切割开来，使用动词词组、介词短语或因果关系连词连接； 4）分词结构：利用-ing分词置于句尾表示结果。,1、电信使我们的工作生活发生了前所未有的改变。 (1) Telecommunications have brought about unprecedented changes to our working and daily life. (2) Telecommunications have unprecedentedly changed our working and daily life. (3) Thanks to telecommunications, our working and daily life have changed unprecedentedly. (4) Thanks to telecommunications, our working and daily life have undergone unprecedented changes.,2、数字技术在使人与人之间的联系更加紧密地同时，也使得个人隐私失去了隐秘性。 While tightening the ties between people, the digital technology is intruding upon / infringing on their privacy.,3、通过互联网支付的账单明显呈现上升趋势，这种情况使得一些邮政业务出现史无前例的萎缩。 (1) The obvious increase in electronically-paid bills is shrinking some postal services unprecedentedly. (2) The obvious increase in electronically-paid bills has caused some postal services to shrink unprecedentedly. (3) The obvious increase in electronically-paid bills has led to the unprecedented shrinkage in some postal services. (4) As the electronically-paid bills are obviously increasing, some postal services are shrinking unprecedentedly.,4、上海将集中进行轨道交通建设，使轨道交通成为未来公共交通的重要组成部分。 (1) Shanghai will concentrate on the construction of the railways as a key part in public transport in the future. (2) Shanghai will concentrate on the construction of the railways so that they will become a key part in public transport in the future. (3) Shanghais focus on the construction of the railways will make them a key part in public transport in the future.,5、一些电脑病毒席卷全球，造成巨大经济损失，并使电子邮件系统瘫痪。 Some computer viruses swept across the world, causing serious financial losses and paralyzing the E-mail systems. 6、建筑工地的噪音使附近居民晚上无法入睡。 (1) The noise from the construction site made it nearly impossible for the residents living nearby to fall asleep at night. (2) The noise from the construction site almost prevented the residents living nearby from falling asleep at night. (3) The residents living nearby cou