2013中考词语填空专题复习.doc

2013中考词语填空专题复习词语填空是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空格（障碍物），造成信息链（语义）的中断，让考生在理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个题的备选项作出合理的分析、判断，选出最佳答案，将空格处缺失的信息补充完整，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，逻辑严密，文意通畅。 1. 材料选取。从考查的材料来看， 短文填空主要选取反映学生学习、生活、心理体会的文章；其次，以社会热点、名人事迹为辅、风土人情；再次，选取一般故事性的短文2. 难度控制。从短文的词汇数量上来看，一篇短文填空的词汇量一般在180230个左右。3. 考点的设置。短文填空的考点设置，在短文的布局上遵循首句、末句不设空；不逐句设空的原则；每段设置23个空；在设空的同时，注意前后暗示和上下文相互暗示的原则。解题指导：常见考查点为：动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词 、数词、连词、介词、冠词。必须熟悉的内容（看到某类词，就要想到相应的考察内容，这是解题关键）：1 动词：考查谓语动词的人称、数、时态、语态、不定式（to do）、动词的ing形式（doing）形式、过去分词（done）、固定搭配，注意个别的拼写，如stopped。2 名词：考查单复数（-s），名词所有格（s/ s），词性的转换（是否变形为形容词、动词-特别留意那些已经学习过的成对的动词和名词。如：move-movement）等。3 形容词：考查原级、比较级、最高级，词性转换(形容词和副词、形容词和名词)等。4 副词：考查原级、比较级、最高级，词性转换；考查修饰动词、句子等，常由形容词派生而来(hard-hard; good-well; careful-carefully)。5 代词：考查不定代词、物主代词、人称代词的主格、宾格，反身代词等，一般由意思判定。6 数词：常考基数词和序数词的转换，注意分数的表示方法。7 连词：考查句子间的逻辑关系；填入的词，只要符合上下文逻辑即可。8 介词：常考查固定短语搭配。9冠词：只需在a、an之间判断。*记忆口诀：空前空后要注意， “名词”单复数要牢记，还有“S”不能弃； “动词”注意要变形，“形、副”注意用三级， “数词”牢记“基”和“序”，“代词”“五格”要谨记。做题步骤：1.在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，例如：名词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-adj.，副词-adv. 等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。2.通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。3.在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches, friend-friends/friends。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny, use-useful/useless/used, danger-dangerous；在遇到动词时，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式- to do, 现在分词-doing, 过去分词-done, 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done)；形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more /the most interesting, happy-happily，happy -happiness; 填入代词时，需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：three-third, 2/3-two thirds, one thousand/thousands of ；冠词只需要在 a或an之间判别，如a girl/an old man; 当遇到介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。 4.完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。一定注意，有时答案会在上下文中出现！注意：一、重点检查内容：1大小写 2 名词单复数 3 动词时态 4 形容词比较级二、确立答案方法：1 意思优先原则通过把备选词的意思逐个带入空中，先确定填哪个词，在确定它的形式。need , animal , I , put , make , except , find , end , look , since , little , enoughSo I think he will not tell anybody _9_ you and me about what he found 通过意思很容易读出，“他不会告诉任何人，除了我和你”，直接可以找到except。2 语法优先原则首先通过分析句子的结构，然后判断空处所填的词性，然后在备选项中逐个筛选。French, same, word, Chinese, example, many, why, great, much,what, another, tell Languages change with time and the world. So does English. New _1_ are borrowed from other languages. 通过句子结构可知new 后应该是一个名词，充当are的主语，而且是复数形式。因此，备选项中可数的名词只有word和example，显然words的意思最通。*考试时应注意：在未复查之前，不要草率地把答案写在答题横线上，一旦有错误，不好更改。因此建议做题时可以直接填在原文中的空处，最后做完题可以把答案誊抄在答题横线上。 careful, any, who, good, with, fun, care, for ,be, other S, M, P and C represent different people _ have different personalities. S people are friendly, energetic and humorous. They are interested in anything new and exciting and others always have of _ with them. At the same time, they are careless and forgetful. M people are very _ and do everything as planned. They always want to find faults and never feel satisfied _ anything around them. They are strict with themselves, as well as with others. M people are real friends. If they make friends with you, it means that they will be your friends _ life. They will do anything for their friends at _ time. P people can be easily satisfied. They are peaceful and calm. But _ peaceful and calm makes them very dull. They are always standers-by. P people are good listeners and are always ready to accept _ opinions. C people are leaders and workaholics(工作狂). They are brave and are never afraid of taking risks. However, they dont _ about others opinions and seldom think of others. They want others to follow them, but they hate waiting for others. There are no good or bad personalities. Every personality has two sides. If someone knows himself well, tries to improve the positive(积极的)things and tries to throw away the negative(消极的) ones, he will have a _ life.America，week，ask，be，happy，and，get， for， they， of， but， do ， day ， teacher ,friend Students in the United States are still enjoying their holidays. Christmas is over， but school _ _not begin again for another _ _Before they return， these is still another important holidaythe first _ _of the New Year. It is the last night of the old year， however， that people celebrate the most. Almost everyone is _ _to a party. It is nice to be with _ _when you say goodbye to the old year. The people at the parties _ _dancing and singing. Most of them look _ _. They are wearing paper hats _ _making noise. It is _ _close to midnight now and everyone is stopping to watch the clock. At exactly midnight everyone cheers. A new year is beginning. Everyone is hoping _ _a very good new Year. For many young _ _， like my English _ _son and daughter， this is a time of the year to think about the future. They make a list _ _things that they hope to do. They promise to stop smoking， to lose weight， to save _ _money or to do something else that is good. They call these promises resolutions （决心做的事）。 Some people remember their resolutions all year long，_ _many others forget them. like ，before，open，big， you，instead，watch， too ， be， tooth Hot Tips for a Good Nights Sleep If youre fired，youd better hot stay up lateSleep is lovelyenjoy it! Have a fixed bedtime It makes _ _feel calm if everything is in order before you sleepSo brush your _ _，wash your face， _ _the window and go to bedYour mind will take in all the cue(提示) that its time to go the land of dreams and Youll be sleeping _ _a baby in no time Go to bed when youre tired! If youre feeling really tired，go to bedDont stay up to _ _a late show，dont try to do a bit more workand dont plan to stay at your friends place _ _lateGo to bed Say yes to milk If you want a bedtime snack，have something calming and sleepyA glass of warm milk will help to sleep betterAnd try not to eat a _ _meal too close to bedtime，which keeps you awake Turn off the TV TV programmes make you excitedDont watch anything for an hour _ _you go to bedListen to some relaxing music_ _!It will send you to sleep in no time at all All the tips above _ _for a good nights sleepYour bodys going to thank you very much for it pick less which color true visit without toy because longer How to be a Green One What does it mean to be green? “Green” is more than just a _ _. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment land, and the air we breathe. Why green? Plants are green, and _ _them the Earth wouldnt be such a lovely human beings. Heres a four-step guide to being green: Reduce It! When you use less of something, you do for the Earth. For example, a shorter _ _ shower means you use _ _water and less fuel (燃料) _ _your house uses fuel to run the water heater that warms up the water. Reuse It! Sometimes were a little too willing to things and buy new things. Many times, if you no _need something, someone else just might need it. For example, if your baby brother grows out of_ _, why not give them to another has a little kid? Recycle It! Recycling has never been easier. Many people will _ _it up right in front of your house and they will need it. Tell your mom or dad become “Head of Recycling” for your house. That means youll take the recyclable things in dustbins tell others _ _things can be recycled. Enjoy It! Its _ _that pollution is a problem remains a huge and beautiful place for you to go and study. You can start by _ _the naturally beautiful places in your hometown. Go for a hike, visit local nature centers and gardens, climb up mountains and so on.however, before, name, well, worst, notice, also, twice, and, give Naming the Baby Parents always think their babies are very special. They want others to _ _their children. For this reason, they sometimes give their children unusual_ _. They may choose names such as Chelma, Ukiah, Brianna, or Elvira. There are some advantages to this practice. A child who is _ _an uncommon name may feel special from childhood. _ _, sometimes we remember people with unusual names _ _than we remember people with ordinary names. _ _, unusual names can cause problems. They can be hard for teachers and friends to pronounce. They can also be hard to spell, _ _computers may automatically(自动地) change them. For example, Jule may become July. Some people may have a bad impression on an unusual name _ _they even meet the person. _ _of all, other children sometimes dont like kids with uncommon names. The message for parents is, “Think _ _before you give your child an unusual name.”example they nobody correct usual reach build so if next“Logic is the science of thinking.” I said, clearing my throat.“Before we think_ _, we must learn to tell the common fallacies(谬误) of logic. These we will take up tonight.”“Wow!” she cried, clapping her hands happily.I went bravely on. “First let us examine the fallacy of Unqualified Generalization(绝对判断).Foe example, Exercise is good, _ _everybody should exercise.”“I agree,” said Polly seriously. “I mean exercise is wonderful. I mean it _ _the body and everything.”“Polly,” I said gently,“it is a fallacy. Exercise is good is an Unqualified Generalization. For example,_ _ _you have heart disease, exercise is bad, not good. Many people are ordered by _ _ doctors not to exercise. You must say exercise is _ _ good, or exercise is good for most people. If not, you have made the fallacy of Unqualified Generalization.”“_ _ we take up a fallacy called Hasty Generalization(草率结论).Listen carefully. You cant speak French. I cant speak French. Peter cant speak French. I must therefore conclude that _ _ at this school can speak French.”“Really?” said Polly, surprised.“Polly,” I said calmly,” its a fallacy. The conclusion is _ _ too hurriedly. There are too few_ _to support such a conclusion.”develop, cheap, make, expensive , only ,almost, type, call use, fromNowadays, as the society develops, the need of fuel is getting larger and larger. How can we get more and _ fuel? One company in New Jersey is _ a special way to get low-cost bio-fuels（生物燃料）from sugar, an important part for getting ethanol (乙醇).In order to make bio-fuels cheaper, the company _ Proterro, is trying to cut the cost of making sugar. The company is getting photosynthetic microorganisms (光合微生物) to produce large amounts of sugar, and it is designing a special way to grow the microorganisms _ small amounts of water.Photosynthetic microorganisms, such as algae（藻类）, are usually thought that it can produce oils. Proterro paid so much attention to _ sugar because bio-fuel ethanol is mainly from it, and its also the starting point for new ways of making other _ of bio-fuels.Today, _ all of the sugar for bio-fuels is made from corn or sugarcane（甘蔗），and several companies are trying more ways to make sugar _ other plants such as grass and trees. “But weve just got the beginning to make bio-fuels; sugar is still expensive,”says Kef kasdin, Proterros CEO. _ sugar from sugarcane is cheap enough, and that can only be grown _ in some places, such as Brazil.many , believe, sell, reduce, pollute, be, shop , fashion, support, aboutA popular shopping bag has been seen on the arm of some of the worlds most beautiful women. It sells at an official price of 5, but as _ as 400 online. The bag called “Im Not a Plastic Bag” is made of cotton. It is so “hot” that now everyone wants to get one. Its _ , and its green! _ see the bag as a way to move away from throwaway(一次性的) plastic bags that are given away in large numbers by supermarkets every year.When the bags were first sold, about 500 people waited in line to buy one. So far, 20,000 of the popular bags have been _ at the second largest supermarket in Great Britain. It is one of the ways to encourage _ to use the reusable bags, rather than the plastic ones. The bag has also become a must-have for many famous people who want to be fashionable, and at the same time care _ the environment.The designer of the bag has been asked to develop the bag by the “We Are What We Do” group. The group _ that each person in Great Britain uses about 167 plastic bags every year. It says that small lifestyle changes can have a strong effect on _ waste and the environmental _ . It also says that everyone should try his best to protect the earth from _ polluted.develop, cheap, make, expensive , only ,almost, type, call use, fromNowadays, as the society develops, the need of fuel is getting larger and larger. How can we get more and cheaper fuel? One company in New Jersey is developing a special way to get low-cost bio-fuels（生物燃料）from sugar, an important part for getting ethanol (乙醇).In order to make bio-fuels cheaper, the company called Proterro, is trying to cut the cost of making sugar. The company is getting photosynthetic microorganisms (光合微生物) to produce large amounts of sugar, and it is designing a special way to grow the microorganisms using small amounts of water.Photosynthetic microorganisms, such as algae（藻类）, are usually thought that it can produce oils. Proterro paid so much attention to making sugar because bio-fuel ethanol is mainly from it, and its also the starting point for new ways of making other types of bio-fuels.Today, almost all of the sugar for bio-fuels is made from corn or sugarcane（甘蔗），and several companies are trying more ways to make sugar from other plants such as grass and trees. “But weve just got the beginning to make bio-fuels; suga